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‘‘His MAJESTY REPLIED, I MUST BE SEARCHED BY Two OF Hii 
OFFICERS.”—Page 29, 


GULLIVERS TRAVELS 


INTO 


SEVERAL REMOTE NATIONS OF 
THE WORLD. 


By JONATHAN SWIFT, D.D., 


DEAN OF ST. PATRICK’S, DUBLIN. 


ILLUSTRATED BY GORDON BROWNE AND C. E. BROCK. 


A. L. BURT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 
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PREFACE. 


ee a ee 


Tuts edition of GuLLIVER’s TRAVELS is practically a 
reprint of the original edition, the only alterations 
being the omission of certain coarse passages which 
would offend modern taste. 

Footnotes are given, chiefly explanatory of 
obsolete words and obscure expressions, or elucida- 
tive of various matters in regard to which many 


readers may desire information. 


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1 io ie un 7 ; 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 


The Author of ‘‘ Gulliver’s Travels.”......cccccocsececrcese Xiil 


Part I. 
VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT. 


CHAPTER I. 


The Author gives some Account of Himself and Family—His 
First Inducements to Travel—He is Shipwrecked, and 
Swims for his Life—Gets safe on Shore in the Country 
of Lilliput—Is made a Prisoner, and carried up the 
COUMLT Tye tn eile des ccete weeds Voi, Mlyees Fee cab ING 


CHAPTER IL. 


The Emperor of Lilliput, attended by several of the Nobility, 
comes to see the Author'in his Confinement—The Em- 
peror’s Person and Habit described—Learned Men ap- 
pointed to teach the Author their Language—He gains 
Favor by his mild Disposition—His Pockets are searched, 
and his Sword and Pistols taken from him............. i 


vi OONTHNTS. 


CHAPTER III. 


PAG 
The Author diverts the Emperor, and his Nobility of both 


sexes, in a very uncommon manner—The Diversions of 
the Court of Lilliput described—The Author has his 
Liberty granted him upon certain conditions........... 


CHAPTER IV. 


Mildendo, the metropolis of Lilliput, described, together 
with the Emperor’s Palace—A conversation between 
the Author and a Principal Secretary, concerning the 
affairs of that Empire—The Author’s offers to serve the 
Emperor in his wars......-.-++- deters cts Geceseees és 


CHAPTER V. 


The Author, by an extraordinary stratagem, prevents an In- 
vasion—A high Title is conferred upon him—Ambassa- 
dors arrive from the Emperor of Blefuscu, and sue for 


CHAPTER VI. 


Of the Inhabitants of Lilliput; their Learning, Laws, and 
Customs; the Manner of Educating their Children—The 
Author’s way of living in that Country—His Vindica- 
tion of a great Lady.........e.seeeegeee oe RGR MO cats 


CHAPTER VII. 


The Author, being informed of a Design to accuse him of 
High-treason, makes his Escape to Blefuscu—His Recep- 
ton: there. i ives’ sc epic eek atic sccecenracs Sewers 


CHAPTER VIII. 


The Author, by a lucky accident, finds means to leave Bie- 
fuscu; and after some difficulties, returns safe to his 
native Country.......... adele ¥ Galt ae ease ane Whee aie te 


38 


51 


59 


84 


97 


OONTENTS. . vii 


Parr I. 
A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG. 


CHAPTER LI. 


PAGE 
A great Storm; the Long-boat sent to fetch water, the Author 
goes with it to discover the Country—He is left on shore, 
is seized by one of the natives, and carried toa Farmer’s 
House—His reception there, with several Accidents that 
happened there—A Description of the Inhabitants...... 111 


CHAPTER II. 


A Description of the Farmer’s Daughter—The Author carried 
to a Market-town, and then to the Metropolis—The Par- 
Sate Ta OE ISIMOULUGY Ss etre tia Uae ee a se case ts a oe 132 


CHAPTER III. 


The Author is sent for to Court—The Queen buys him of his 
master the Farmer, and presents him to the King—He 
disputes with his Majesty’s great Scholars—An Apart- 
ment at Court provided for the Author—He is in high 
favor with the Queen—He stands up for the honor of 
his own Country—His quarrels with the Queen’s Dwarf 142 


CHAPTER IV. 


[he Country described—A proposal for correcting modern 
Maps—The King’s Palace, and some account of the 
Metropolis—The Author’s way of traveling—The Chief 
PLOMIDIO GESCLIDON iid. air Aiesten 45 aie < 9-010 soe * «new iets ; ee LOU 


CHAPTER V. 


Several Adventures that happened to the Author—The Ex- 
ecution of a Criminal-~The Author shows his skill in 
Navigation. *-_ @©eeeee eeeeeeeeve eevee e*eoee eeeeee e@eeeeeeeoene 169 


viii CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER VI. 


Several contrivances of the Author to please the King and 
Queen—He shows his skill in Music—The King inquires 
into the state of England, which the Author relates to 
him—The King’s observations thereon........++++++++. 185 


PAGB 


CHAPTER VII. 


The Author’s love of his Country—He makes a proposal of 
much advantage to the King, which is rejected—The 
King’s great ignorance in Politics—The Learning of that 
Country very imperfect and confined—Their Laws, and 
Military Affairs, and Parties in the State.........+++.-- 200 


CHAPTER VIII. 


The King and Queen make a progress to the frontiers—The 
Author attends them—The manner in which he leaves 
the Country very particularly related—He returns to 


England...........> PRIS BES ae eee s Sr iicioefta sales 211 


Part III. 


A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, LUGG- 
NAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIBB, AND JAPAN. 


CHAPTER I. 


The Author sets out on his third Voyage—Is taken by Pirates 
—-The malice of a Dutchman—His arrival at an Island— 
He is received into Laputa...........eeeeeeeeeeeoeeees 233 


CHAPTER II. 


The humors and dispositions of the Laputians described— 
An account of their Learning—Of the King and his 
Court—The Author’s reception there—The Inhabitants 
subject to fears and disquietudes—An account of the 


SS ee 


CONTENTS. ix 


CHAPTER III. 


PA 
A Phenomenon solved by modern Philosophy and Astronomy 
—The Laputians’ great improvements in the latter—The 
King’s method of suppressing Insurrections ......... 256 


GE 


CHAPTER IV. 


The Author leaves Laputa, is conveyed to Balnibarbi, arrives 
at the Metropolis—A Description of the Metropolis and 
the Country adjoining—The Author hospitably received 
by a great Lord—His conversation with that Lord...... 266 


CHAPTER V. 


The Author permitted to see the Grand Academy of Lagado 
—The Academy largely described—The Arts wherein 
the Professors employ themselves...........0..0eeeeee: 276 


CHAPTER VI. 


A further account of the Academy—The Author proposes 
some improvements, which are honorably received...... 287 


CHAPTER VII. 


The Author leaves Lagado—Arrives at Maldonada—No ship 
ready—He takes a short voyage to Glubbdubdribb— 
Himreception by the, Governonges .\:.¢.e<swhisises media ds 297 


CHAPTER VIII. 


A further account of Glubbdubdribb—Ancient and Modern 
REVLON YG) COLIUC MRO.) paca ceth tenn esa se ies s 305 


CHAPTER IX. 


The Author’s Return to Maldonada—Sails to the Kingdom 
of Luggnagg—The Author confined—He is sent for to 
Court—The manner of his Admittance—The King’s 
PYORY WeUIby tO TS SUD IOC soe sic a saci sine eee Bink AAs 314 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER X. 


The Luggnaggians commended—A particular Description of 
the Struldbrugs, with many Conversations between the 
Author and some eminent Persons upon that subject.... 321 


PAGE 


CHAPTER XI. 


Che Author leaves Luggnagg, and sails to Japan—From 
thence he returns in a Dutch ship to Amsterdam, and 


from Amsterdam to England............seeseeeseeeee: 335 


Part IV. 


A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF 
THE HOUYHNHNMS. 


CHAPTER I. 


- The Author sets out as Captain of a Ship—His Men conspire 
against him—Confine him a long time to his Cabin— 
Set him on shore in an Unknown Land—He travels up 
into the Country—The Yahoos, a strange sort of animal, 
described—The Author meets two Houyhnhnms........ 345 


CHAPTER II. 


The Author conducted by a Houyhnhnm to his House—The 
House described—The Author’s reception—The Food of 
the Houyhnhnms—The Author in distress for want of 
Mcat—Is at last relieved—His manner of feeding in this 


CHAPTER III. 


The Author studies to learn the Language—The Houyhnhnm, 
his Master, assists in teaching him—The Language 
described—Several Houyhnhnms of quality come out of 
curiosity to see the Author—He gives his Master a short 
account of his Voyage.....-sesscee versereceterereces 367 


' 


CONTENTS. ays 


CHAPTER IY. 


The Houyhnhnms’ notion of Truth and Falsehood—The Ania: 
thor’s discourse disapproved by his Master—The Author 
gives a more particular account of himself, and the Ac- 
SNGnite Oly Mise OVEue eUve netics vy vr eh cine Wer caiveene dt 875 


CHAPTER V. 


The Author, at his Master’s command, informs him of the 
state of England—The causes of war among the Princes 
of Europe—The Author begins to explain the English 
CMMESLULLION matercn nis cntan eee vies Ot bhiate wiles wane teil 384 


CHAPTER VI. 


A continuation of the State of England under Queen Anne— 
The Character of a First Minister of State in European 


CHAPTER VII. 


The Author’s great Love of his native Country—His Master’s 
observations upon the Constitution and Administration 
of England, as described by the Author, with Parallel 
Cases and Comparisons—His Master’s observations upon 
PITRE HiT Opies. h smite wads fiulae von + Cite Sid Sie alts 405 


CHAPTER VIII. 


The Author relates several Particulars of the Yahoos—The 
great Virtues of the Houyhnhnms—The Education and 
Exercise of their Youth—Their General Assembly..... 416 


CHAPTER IX. 


A grand debate at the General Assembly of Houyhnhnms— 
The Learning of the Houyhnhnms—Their Buildings— 
Their Manner of Burials—The Defectiveness of their 
Pre ee vara hue ei CWE oe shia ces Talas Tale aie wd bem 423 


Xil CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER X. 


The Author’s Economy and happy Life among the Houy- 
hnhnms—His great improvement in Virtue by convers- 
ing with them—Their Conversations—The Author has 
notice given him by-his Master that he must depart 
from the Country—He falls into a swoon for grief, but 
submits—He contrives and finishes a Canoe by the help 
of a fellow-servant, and puts to sea at a venture........ 431 


GE 


CHAPTER XI. 


The Author’s dangerous voyage—He arrives at New Holland, 
hoping to settle there—Is wounded with an arrow by 
one of the Natives—Is seized, and carried by force into 
a Portuguese ship—The great civilities of the Captain— 
The Author arrives in England...............ccecceee. 443 


CHAPTER XII. 


The Author’s Veracity—His design in publishing this Work 
His Censure of those Travelers who swerve from the 
Truth—The Author clears himself from any sinister ends 
in writing—An objection answered—The method of 
planting Colonies—His native Country commended— 
The right of the Crown to those Countries described by 
the Author is justified—The Difficulty of conquering 
them—The Author takes his last leave of the Reader— 
Proposeth his Manner of Living for the future—Gives 
Good Advice and concludes..............00. ity hue scale 457 


INTRODUCTION. 


Tue author of Guiuiver’s Travers and of other 
notable writings was Jonathan Swift, D.D., latterly 
and for many years Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, 
and one of the greatest wits and satirists our country 
has produced. He was born in Dublin, November 
30, 1667, of English parents; his father, also called 
Jonathan, being a cousin of the poet Dryden, his 
mother a lady belonging to Leicestershire. His 
father, who was connected with the legal profession, 
died seven months before the birth of the future 
dean, whose mother was left in poor circumstances, 
and had to depend on the bounty of relatives. 
When the child was a year old, his nurse carried 
him off with her to Whitehaven, whither she was 
called by the illness of a relative, and here he 


X1V GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


remained till about his sixth year, his mother think- 
ing it better for his health to let him stay than to 
take him home. By the assistance of an uncle he 
was sent to school at Kilkenny, and when fourteen 
years old to Trinity College, Dublin. Swift, though 
a great reader, was by no means a diligent or well- 
behaved student, and he left the university In some 
disgrace, having only obtained his degree of 
Bachelor of Arts “ by special favor.” 

He now (1688) went to his mother’s in Leicester- 
shire, and she, being a relative of the wife of the 
eminent statesman, Sir William Temple, advised 
him to see what this powerful personage could do 
for him. Having applied to Sir William, the latter 
took him into his own house as a sort of secretary, 
and in this situation he continued for several years. 
While here he was introduced to William III., who 
often visited Temple privately; and the king is 
said to have offered to make him a captain in a 
cavalry regiment. In 1692 he obtained the degree 
of Master of Arts from the University of Oxford, 
the influence of his patron being probably exerted 
in his favor. He still continued to reside with Sir 
William Temple, but a coldness arose between them, 
and in 1694 Swift went over to Ireland and entered 
the church. He did not long remain, however, for 
Sir William, who was now getting old and infirm, 


INTRODUCTION. xv. 


soon wished him back again, and Swift returned to 
stay with him till he died. 

In 1699 Swift was appointed to the living of 
Laracor, about twenty miles from Dublin, and this 
living he held in conjunction with others till he was 
appointed to the deanery of St. Patrick’sin 1713. At 
Laracor he took up his residence in 1700, and enterea 
energetically upon the duties of a country clergy- 
nan, reading prayers twice a week, and preaching 
regularly every Sunday. It is said that upon one 
of the Wednesday services he found nobody present 
but his parish clerk, Roger Coxe, whereupon he 
changed the “dearly beloved brethren” of the 
Book of Common Prayer into “dearly beloved 
Roger.” Laracor was his regular place of residence 
for the next ten years, though his visits to London 
were frequent. - 

Soon after his settlement here he began his career 
as an author by publishing in 1701 a “ Discourse of 
the Dissensions between the Nobles and Commons in 
Athens and Rome,” which, though professedly treat- 
ing of ancient times, was really directed against the 
dissensions existing among English politicians of 
the day. This was followed a few years afterward 
by his celebrated “Tale of a Tub,” and “ Battle of 
the Books.” The former was 4 satire, in a kind of 
allegorical form, on the Roman Catholics and Dis- 


xvi GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


senters, and a vindication of the Church of England. 
It secured him the highest reputation as a wit, but 
did him no small injury as a divine from its fre- 
quent coarseness and irreverence. The “ Battle of 
the Books” had to do with the respective merits of 
the ancient and the modern authors. 

In 1710 he came to London on a mission to pro- 
cure the abolition of certain duties which the Irish 
clergy had to pay to the crown. He remained in 
the metropolis three years; and, while hitherto he 
had been connected more or less with the Whig 
party, he now openly joined the Tories, and wrote 
political tracts on their behalf, which were of im- 
mense service to them. He was eager to obtain a 
bishopric in England; but Queen Anne is said to 
have had doubts as to his orthodoxy (mainly on 
account of the “Tale of a Tub”), and the highest 
dignity he could obtain was the deanery of St. 
Patrick’s. 

He accordingly returned to Dublin, and for the 
rest of his life had to submit to an unwilling resi- 
dence in the country of his birth, and in a society 
that was not congenial to his tastes. But, though he 
had no liking for Ireland, he could not shut his eyes 
to the injustice under which her people suffered ; 
and roused by the law forbidding woollen goods to 
be exported to any country but England, he pro- 


INTRODUCTION. xvii 


posed that the Irish should rely entirely on their 
own manufactures, and wear nothing whatever of 
English make. This made him highly popular in 
Ireland, and his popularity was greatly increased by 
the publication of a series of letters with the signa- 
ture, “M. B. Drapier,” denouncing the contract 
which a person named Wood had obtained for 
supplying Ireland with copper coinage, and scourg- 
ing the abuses of government generally. In 1726 
appeared GuLtivEr’s TRavets, the most widely read 
of all his works. Of it we shall speak more par- 
ticularly below. 

About two years after this a severe blow fell 
upon Swift, in the death of the lady known as Stella, 
whose relations toward him were of a singular 
nature, and have not even yet been altogether 
cleared of mystery. Stella was a pet name be- 
stowed upon her by Swift, her real name being 
Esther Johnson. When Swift became acquainted 
with ner she was living in the house of Sir William 
‘Temple, her mother also being a member of the 
‘household in the capacity of companion to Sir 
‘William’s sister. She was then a mere girl, and 
‘received lessons from Swift; and soon between 
‘teacher and pupil a warm attachment grew up. 
‘When Swift went to live at Laracor, Miss Johnson, 
accompanied by a Mrs. Dingley, at his suggestion 


Xviil GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


took up her residence in the same neighborhood | 
and on the occasions of Swift’s absence the tw« 
ladies occupied the parsonage house, as they did 
afterward the deanery. In the years 1710-1718, 
when Swift was in England, he kept a minute 
account in the form of a journal of all his doings 
and experiences, and this he transmitted from time 
to time to Stella. In it grave matters are mingled 
with playfulness, nonsense, and expressions of 
endearment; Swift usually writes of himself under 
the name of Presto ( presto being Italian for quick 
or swift). It is believed by some that the two were 
privately married in 1716, but this is doubtful; and 
altogether Swift’s conduct in the matter is difficult 
to be accounted for. Stella seems to have had 
very considerable personal attractions, besides being 
a person of great good sense and of much vivacity, 
if not even wit. 

The fate of another lady was also closely con- 
nected with Swift’s life. This was Miss Esther 
Vanhomrigh, with whom he got acquainted in 
London in 1712, she being then eighteen or twenty 
years old, and he about forty-five. Notwithstanding 
this disparity the young lady conceived a violent 
passion for him, and Swift was evidently not alto- 
gether insensible to her attractions. In his poem of 
“ Qadenus and Vanessa” she gets the latter poetical 


INTRODUCTION. xix 


appellation, the dean himself being Cadenus (L. 
decanus, a dean). She went over to Ireland to be 
near him, but finding that her passion was utterly 
hopeless she died of a broken heart. 

From the death of Stella, Swift became more 
morose and gloomy, and his life more retired. For 
several years he continued to write both in prose 
and verse, but by 1736 his memory was nearly gone. 
In a few years more he sank into hopeless lunacy, 
the fate which he had feared overtook him, and on 
the 19th of October, 1745, he was released by death. 
He leit the greater part of his fortune to an asylum 
for lunatics. 

The character of Swift is not altogether a pleasing 
one. His best qualities were his constancy in 
friendship where his friends were really worthy 
{such as Pope, Gay, and Arbuthnot), his integrity 
and truthfulness, his zeal for religion, his hatred of 
oppression, his patriotic ardor on behalf of the 
country of his birth. On the other hand, he was 
proud, domineering, careless of the feelings of 
others, irritable, and altogether misanthropic; but 
these more repulsive characteristics may have been 
partly due to the ili health from which he suffered 
so much. As to his personal appearance, he is said 
to have been “ tall, strong, and well made. of a dark 
- complexion, but witb blue eyes, black and bushy 


SK GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


eyebrows, nose somewhat aquiline, and features 
which remarkably express the stern, haughty, and 
dauntless turn of his mind.” In genius and origi- 
nality he was perhaps unequaled by any English 
writer of the eighteenth century. Although he 
wrote a good many poetical pieces he can hardly be 
considered as a real poet; and this his kinsman 
Dryden plainly told him, much to Swift’s chagrin. 
His strength lies in wit, humor, satire, ridicule, and 
especially in a kind of grave irony, in which the 
most extraordinary assertions and suggestions are 
put forward with a superficial appearance of 
simplicity and good faith. 

Guuiiver’s TRAVELS was published in 1726 in two 
volumes, the original title being “Travels into 
Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four 
Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, first a Surgeon, and 
then a Captain of Several Ships.” Though Swift's 
intimate friends knew who the author was, the 
world at large was much puzzled. Its popularity 
was great and immediate, and has been as lasting as 
it was great. So strong an air of truthfulness did 
the narrative possess, and so little were some parts 
of the world then known, that persons were not 
wanting who believed they were reading a genuine 
account of travels. One old salt is reported to 


INTROD UCTION. XXI 


have said that he knew Captain Gulliver very well, 
only he lived at Wapping not at Rotherhithe. 

The four parts of which the work consists are 
each very distinct in subject. ‘The first, the voyage 
to Lilliput, is generally considered the most pleasing 
of the four. In it we are shown creatures of the 
most diminutive size, made in all respects after the 
model of mankind, and we are thus led to consider 
whether the passions, aims, and ambitions by which 
we are actuated are not really as petty and insig- 
nificant as we cannot help thinking those are by 
which the Lilliputians are inspired. In this part of 
the work there are supposed to be numerous 
allusions to the court and politics of England; thus 
Flimnap, the treasurer, is said to stand for Sir 
Robert Walpole, the High-heels and the Low-heels 
for the Tories and the Whigs, the Big-endians and 
the Little-endians for the Roman Catholics and 
Protestants, Blefuscu for France, and so on. 

In the voyage to Brobdingnag the telescope is 
turned, as it were, and everything is on a scale quite 
the reverse of what prevails in Lilliput. We are 
now confronted with creatures of enormous size, 
and human actions and sentiments are shown as 
they might appear to beings equally rational with 
ourselves and of a bulk and strength immensely 


xxii GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


greater. ‘hus the aim in both these fictions is the 
same, only it is attained by opposite methods. 

The voyage to Laputa is on the whole less inter- 
esting, though the marvels which it contains are 
sufficiently striking. Here Swift directs his satire 
chiefly against pretenders to science and projectors 
of schemes that could never lead to anything 
practical, and merely intended to dupe the unwary. 

The last part of Guiiiver’s TRAVELS is a savage 
satire against humanity at large, and in many 
places can only inspire pain and disgust. The in- 
cidents and particulars of the story, too, are so 
glaringly impossible that our imagination is never 
held captive as in the other three narratives. It is 
here that Swift best succeeds in what he himself 
said was the aim of the whole work—“to vex the 
world rather than to divert it.” “Yet,” as Sir 
Walter Scott remarks, “the picture of the Yahoos. 
utterly odious and hateful as it is, presents to the 
reader a moral use,” representing mankind in the 
state “to which our species is degraded py the 
willful subservience of mental qualities to animal 
instincts, of man, such as he may be found in the 
degraded ranks of every society, when brutalized 
by ignorance and gross vice.” 


PART I. 
A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT. 


7 


i A tw be 
on va yi tits 


er 


eve 


tees = 


- GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


PA 
A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT. 


ee oe re 


CHAPTER I. 


fhe Author gives some Account of Himself and Family—His 
First Inducements to Travel—He is Shipwrecked, and 
Swims for his Life—Gets safe on Shore in the Country 
of Lilliput—Is made a Prisoner, and carried up the 
Country. 


My father had a small estate in Nottinghamshire ; 
‘I was the third of five sons. He sent me to 
‘Emanuel College in Cambridge, at fourteen years old, 


4 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


where I resided three years, and applied myself 
close to my studies ; but the charge of maintaining 
me, although I had a very scanty allowance, being 
too great for a narrow fortune, I was bound appren- 
tice to Mr. James Bates, an eminent surgeon in 
London, with whom I continued four years; and 
my father now and then sending me small sums of 
money, I laid them out in learning navigation, and 
other parts of the mathematics useful to those who 
intend to travel, as I always believed it would be, 
some time or other, my fortune to do. When [left 
Mr. Bates I went down to my father, where, by the 
assistance of him and my uncle John, and some 
other relations, I got forty pounds, and a promise of 
thirty pounds a-year, to maintain me at Leyden.* 
There I studied physic two years and seven months, 
knowing it would be useful in long voyages. 

Soon after my return from Leyden, i was recom- 
mended by my good master, Mr. Bates, to be 
surgeon to the Swallow, Captain Abraham Pannell, 
commander; with whom I continued three years 
and a half, making a voyage or two into the 
Levant,+ and some other parts. When I came back 


* The university of Leyden has long been celebrated; and in 
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Many persons went 
from England to study medicine there. 

+The eastern portion of the Mediterranean and its coasts. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 5 


I resolved to settle in London; to which Mr. Bates, 
my master, encouraged me; and by him I was 
recommended to several patients. I took part of a 
small] house in the Old Jewry; and, being advised 
to alter my condition, I married Mrs.* Mary Burton, 
second daughter to Mr. Edmund Burton, hosier, in 
Newgate Street, with whom I received four hun- 
dred pounds for a portion. 

But my good master Bates dying in two years 
after, and | having few friends, my business began 
to fail; for my conscience would not suffer me to 
imitate the bad practice of too many among my 
brethren.t Having, therefore, consulted with my 
wife and some of my acquaintance, I determined to 
go again to sea. I was surgeon successively in two 
ships, and made several voyages, for six years, to 
the East and West Indies, by which I got some 
addition to my fortune. My hours of leisure I 

‘spent in reading the best authors, ancient and 


modern, being always provided with a good number 
.of books ; and when I was ashore, in observing the 
‘manners and dispositions of the people, as well as 
‘learning their language; wherein I had a great 
facility, by the strength of my memory. 


* ‘* Mrs.” was formerly applied to unmarried ladies. 
t He would not play the quack, or use low methods of get- 
ting patients. 


6 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


The last of these voyages not proving very fortun- 
ate, I grew weary of the sea,and intended to stay 
at home with my wife and family. J removed from 
the Old Jewry to Fetter Lane, and from thence to 
Wapping, hoping to get business among the sailors 5 
but it would not turn to account.* After three 
years’ expectation that things would mend, I ac- 
cepted an advantageous offer from Captain William 
Prichard, master of the Antelope, who was making 
a voyage to the South Sea.t We set sail from 
Bristol, May 4, 1699, and our voyage at first was 
very prosperous. 

It would not be proper, for some reasons, to 
trouble the reader with the particulars of our adven- 
tures in those seas; let it suffice to inform hin, that, 
in our passage from thence to the East Indies, we 
were driven by a Violent storm to the northwest of 
Van Diemen’s Land.t By an observation we found 
ourselves in the latitude of 30 degrees 2 minutes 
south. Twelve of our crew were dead by im- 


a 


* Tt would not ‘‘ pay.” 

+This was formerly the usual name of the Pacific Ocean, 
or of the southern portion of it. 

¢ The geography of this part of the globe was not very well 
known in Swift’s time. A place northwest from Van Die- 
men’s Land (Tasmania), and in latitude 30° 2° S., would be in 
Australia, or off its west coast. : 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. , A 


moderate labor and ill food: the rest were in a very 
weak condition. On the 5th of November, which 
was the beginning of summer in those parts, the 
weather being very hazy, the seamen spied a rock 
within half a cable’s length of the ship; but the 
wind was so strong that we were driven directly 
upon it, and immediately split. Six of the crew, of 
whom I was one, having let down the boat into the 
sea, made a shift to get clear of the ship and the 
rock. We rowed, by my computation, about three 
leagues, till we were able to work no longer, being 
already spent with labor while we were in the ship. 
‘We, therefore, trusted ourselves to the mercy of the 
‘waves; and in about half an hour the boat was 
overset by a sudden flurry* from the north. What 
became of my companions in the boat, as well as of 
those who escaped on the rock, or were left in the 
vessel, I cannot tell, but conclude they were all lost. 
For my own part, [swam as Fortune directed me, and 
was pushed forward by wind and tide. I often let 
my legs drop, and could feel no bottom; but when 
I was almost gone, and able to struggle no longer, I 
found myself within my depth: and by this time 
the storm was much abated. The declivity was so 
small, that I walked near a mile before I got to the 


* Squall or gust of wind. 


8 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


shore, which I conjectured was about eight o’clock 
in the evening. I then advanced forward near half 
a mile, but could not discover any sign of houses or 
inhabitants ; at least 1 was in so weak a condition 
that I did not observe them. I was extremely 
tired ; and with that, and the heat of the weather, 
and about half a pint of brandy that I drank as I 
left the ship, I found myself much inclined to sleep. 
I lay down on the grass, which was very short and 
soft, where I slept sounder than ever I remember to 
have done in my life, and, as I reckoned, above nine 
hours ; for when I awaked it was just daylight. I 
attempted to rise, but was not able to stir; for as I 
happened to lie on my back, I found my arms and 
legs were strongly fastened on each side to the 
ground, and my hair, which was long and _ thick, 
tied down in the same manner. [ likewise felt 
several slender ligatures across my body, from my 
armpits to my thighs. I could only look upward; 
the sun began to grow hot, and the light offended 
mine eyes. I heard a confused noise about me, but, 
in the posture I lay, could see nothing except the 
sky. Ina little time I felt something alive moving 
on my left leg, which, advancing gently forward 
over my breast, came almost up to my chin; when, 
bending mine eyes downward as much as I could, I 
perceived it to be a human creature not six inches 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. ) 


high, with a bow and arrow in his hands,and a 
quiver at his back. In the meantime, I felt at least 
forty more of the same kind (as I conjectured) 
following the first. I was in the utmost astonish- 
ment, and roared so loud that they all ran back in 
a fright; and some of them, as I was afterward 


told, were hurt with the falls they got by leaping 
from my sides upon the ground. However, they 
soon returned; and one of them, who ventured so 
far as to get a full sight of my face, lifting up his 
hands and eyes by way of admiration, cried out, in 
a shrill but distinct voice, Hekinah degul: the 
others repeated the same words several times; but 
I then knew not what they meant. [ lay all this 
while, as the reader may believe, in great uneasi- 
ness. At length, struggling to get loose, I had the 
fortune to break the strings and wrench out the 
pegs that fastened my left arm to the ground ; for, 
by lifting it up to my face, I discovered the methods 
they had taken to bind me, and, at the same time, 
with a violent pull, which gave me excessive pain, 
fa little loosened the strings that tied down my 
hair on the left side, so that I was just able to turn 
my head about two inches. But the creatures ran 
off a second time, before I could seize them; where- 
upon there was a great shout, ina very shrill accent, 
and, after it ceased, I heard one of them cry aloud, 


10 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


Tolgo phonac ; when, in an instant, I felt above an 
hundred arrows discharged on my left hand, which 


pricked me like so many needles ; and, besides, they 


shot another flight into the air, as we do bombs in 
Europe, whereof many, I suppose, fell on my body 
(though I felt them not), and some on my face, 
which I immediately covered with my left hand. 
When this shower of arrows was over, I fell a- 
groaning with grief and pain; and then, striving 
again to get loose, they discharged another volley, 
larger than the first, and some of them attempted, 
with spears, to stick me in the sides; but, by good 
luck, I had on me a buff jerkin,* which they could 
not pierce. I thought it the most prudent method 
to lie still; and my design was to continue so till 
night, when, my left hand being already loose, I 
could easily free myself: and as for the inhabitants, 
I had reason to believe I might be a match for the 
greatest armies they could bring against me, if 
they were all of the same size with him that I saw. 
But fortune disposed otherwise of me. When the 
people observed I was quiet, they discharged no 
more arrows; but, by the noise I heard, I knew 
their numbers increased: and about four yards from 
me, over against my right ear, I heard a knocking 


* Close jacket or waistcoat of leather. 


oa, a 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 11 


for above an hour, like that of people at work; 
when, turning my head that way, as well as the 
pegs and strings would permit me, I saw a stage 
erected about a foot and a half from the ground, 
capable of holding four of the inhabitants, with two 
or three ladders to mount it; from whence one of 
them, who seemed to be a person of quality, made 
me a long speech, whereof I understood not one 
syllable. But I should have mentioned, that, before 
the principal person began his oration, he cried out 
three times, Zangro dchul san (these words and 
the former were afterward repeated and explained 
to me); whereupon, immediately, about fifty of the 
inhabitants came and cut the strings that fastened 
the left side of my head, which gave me the liberty 
of turning it to theright, and of observing the person 
and gesture of him that was to speak. He appeared 
to be of a middle age, and taller than any of the 
other three who attended him; whereof one was a 
page, that held up his train, and seemed to be some- 
what longer than my middle finger; the other two 
stood one on each side to support him. He acted 
every part of an orator; and I could observe many 
periods of threatenings, and others of promises, 
pity, and kindness. I answered in a few words, but 
in the most submissive manner, lifting up my left 
hand and both mine eyes to the sun, as calling him 


12 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


for a witness: and being almost famished with 
hunger, having not eaten a morsel for some hours 
before I left the ship, I found the demands of 
nature so strong upon me that I could not forbear 
showing my impatience (perhaps against the strict 
rules of decency) by putting my finger frequently 
on my mouth, to signify that I wanted food. The 
hurgo (for so they call a great lord, as I afterward 
learned) understood me very well. He descended 
from the stage, and commanded that several ladders 
should be applied to my sides, on which above an 
hundred of the inhabitants mounted, and walked 
toward my mouth, laden with baskets full of meat, 
which had been provided and sent thither by the 
king’s orders, upon the first intelligence he received 
of me. I observed there was the flesh of several 
animals, but could not distinguish them by the 
taste. There were shoulders, legs, and loins, shaped 
like those of mutton, and very well dressed, but 
smaller than the wings of a lark. I eat them by 
two or three at a mouthful, and took three loaves 
at a time, about the bigness of musket-bullets. They 
supplied me as fast as they could, showing a thousand 
marks of wonder and astonishment at my bulk and 
appetite. I then made another sign, that I wanted 
drink. They found by my eating that a small 
quantity would not suffice me; and, being a most 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 13 


ingenious people, they slung up, with great dexterity, 
one of their largest hogsheads, then rolled it toward 
my hand, and beat out the top. I drank it off at a 
draught, which I might well do, for it did not hold 
half a pint, and tasted like a small* wine of 
Burgundy, but much more delicious. They brought 
me a second hogshead, which I drank in the same 
manner, and made signs for more; but they had 
none to give me. When | had performed these 
wonders, they shouted for joy, and danced upon my 
breast, repeating several times, as they did at first, 
_ Hekinah degul. They made me asign that I should 
throw down the two hogsheads, but first warning 
the people below to stand out of the way, crying 
aloud, Borach mivolah; and when they saw the 
vessels in the air there was an universal shout of 
Eekinah degul. 1 confess I was often tempted, 
while they were passing backward and forward on 
my body, to seize forty or fifty of the first that 
came in my reach, and dash them against the 
ground. But the remembrance cf what I had felt, 
which probably might not be the worst they could 
do, and the promise of honor I made them-—for so I 
interpreted my submissive behavior—soon drove out 
these imaginations. Besides, [ now considered my- 


oo 


* Not strong; not going to one’s head, 


14 — GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


self as bound by the laws of hospitality to a people 
who had treated me with so much expense and 
magnificence. However, in my thoughts I could 
not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these 
diminutive mortals, who durst venture to mount 
and walk upon my body, while one of my hands was 
at liberty, without trembling at the very sight of so 
prodigious a creature as I must appear to them. 
After some time, when they observed that I made 
no more demands for meat, there appeared before 


me a person of high rank from his imperial majesty. _ 


His excellency, having mounted on the small of my 
right leg, advanced forward up to my face, with 
about a dozen of his retinue; and producing his 
credentials, under the signet-royal, which he applied 
close to mine eyes, spoke about ten minutes without 
any sigus of anger, but with a kind of determinate 
resolution ; often pointing forward; which, as I 
afterward found, was toward the capital city, about 
half a mile distant, whither it was agreed by his 
majesty in council that I must be conveyed. I an- 
swered in few words, but to no purpose, and made 
asign with my hand that was loose, putting it to 
the other (but over his excellency’s head, for fear 


of hurting him or his train), and then to my own 


head and body, to signify that I desired my liberty. 


It appeared that he understood me well enough, for : 


ee i 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS 15 


he shook his head by way of disapprobation, and 
held his hand in a posture to show that I must be 
carried as a prisoner. However, he made other 
signs, to let me understand that I should have meat. 
and drink enough, and very good treatment. Where- 
upon, I once more thought of attempting to break 
my bonds; but again, when I felt the smart of their 
arrows upon my face and hands, which were all in 
blisters, and many of the darts still sticking in them, 
and observing likewise that the number of my 
enemies increased, I gave tokens to let them know 
that they might do with me what they pleased. 
Upon this, the Aurgo and his train withdrew, with 
much civility and cheerful countenances. Soon 
after, I heard a general shout, with frequent 
repetitions of the words Peplom selan,; and I felt 
great numbers of the people on my left side, relax- 
ing the cords to such a degree that I was able to 
turn upon my right. But before this they had 
- daubed my face and both my hands with a sort of 
ointment, very pleasant to the smell, which, in a 
few minutes, removed all the smart of their arrows. 
These circumstances, added to the refreshment I had 
received by their victuals and drink, which were 
very nourishing, disposed me to sleep. I slept. 
about eight hours, as I was afterward assured ; and 
it was no wonder, for the physicians, by the emper 


16 GULLIVER’S TRAVHLB. 


or’s order has mingled a sleepy potion in the hogs. 
heads of wine. 

It seems that upon the first moment I was dis- 
covered sleeping on the ground, after my landing, 
the emperor had early notice of it by an express, * 
and determined in council that I should be tied in 
the manner I have related (which was done in the 
night, while I slept), that plenty of meat and drink 
should be sent to me, and a machine prepared to 
carry me to the capital city. 

This resolution, perhaps, may appear very bold 
and dangerous, and I am confident would not be 
imitated by any prince in Europe, on the like 
occasion. However, inmy opinion, it was extremely 
prudent, as well as generous ; for supposing these 
people had endeavored to kill me with their spears 
and arrows while I was asleep, I should certainly 
have awaked with the first sense of smart, which 
might so far have roused my rage and strength as 
to have enabled me to break the strings wherewith 
I was tied; after which, as they were not able to 
make resistance, so they could expect no mercy. 

These people are most excellent mathematicians, 
and arrived to a great perfection in mechanics,t by — 


naan ERRAnESNEIRRERT 


* A special messenger. 


+The art of constructing machinery of all kinds. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVRIS 1Y 


the countenance and encouragement of the emperor, 
who is a renowned patron of learning. This prince 
has several machines fixed on wheels, for the car- 
riage of trees and other great weights. He often 
builds his largest men-of-war, whereof some are 
nine feet long, in the woods where the timber 
grows, and has them carried on these engines, three 
or four hundred yards, to the sea. Five hundred 
carpenters and engineers were immediately set at 
work to prepare the greatest engine they had. [It 
was a frame of wood raised three inches from the 
ground, about seven foot long, and four wide, 
moving upon twenty-two wheels. The shout I 
heard was upon the arrival of this engine, which, it 
seems, set out in four hours after my landing. It 
was brought parallel to meas I lay. But the prin- 
cipal difficulty was to raise and place me in this 
vehicle. Eighty poles, each of one foot high, were 
erected for this purpose, and very strong cords, of 
the bigness of pack-thread, were fastened by hooks 
to many bandages, which the workmen had girt 
round my neck, my hands, my body, and. my legs. 
Nine hundred of the strongest men were employed 
to draw up these cords, by many pulleys fastened on 
the poles; and thus, in less than three hours, I was 
raised and slung into the engine, and there tied fast. 
All this I was told; for, while the whole operation 


18 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


was performing, Ilay ina profound sleep, by the 
force of that soporiferous medicine infused into my 
liquor. Fifteen hundred of the emperor’s largest 
horses, each about four inches and a half high, were 
employed to draw me toward the metropolis, which, 
as I said, was half a mile distant. 

About four hours after we began our journey, | 
awaked by a very ridiculous accident; for the car- 
riage being stopped awhile to adjust something that 
was out of order, two or three of the young 
natives had the curiosity to see how I looked when 
I was asleep ; they climbed up into the engine, and 
advancing very softly to my face, one of them, an 
officer in the guards, put the sharp end of his half- 
pike a good way up into my left nostril, which 
tickled my nose like a straw, and made me sneeze 
violently ; whereupon they stole off unperceived, 
and it was three weeks before I knew the cause of 
my awaking so suddenly. We madea long march 
the remaining part of that day, and rested at night 
with five hundred guards on each side of me, half 
with torches, and half with bows and arrows, ready 
to shoot me if I should offer to stir. The next 
morning at sunrise we continued our march, and 
arrived within two hundred yards of the city gates 
about noon. The emperor, and all his court, came 
out to meet us, but his great officers would by no 


a i i I i 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 19 


means suffer his majesty to endanger his person by 
mounting on my body. 

At the place where the carriage stopped there 
stood an ancient temple, esteemed to be the largest 
in the whole kingdom ; which, having been polluted 
some years before by an unnatural murder, was, ac- 
cording to the zeal of those people, looked on as 
_ profane, and therefore had been applied to common 
use, and all the ornaments and furniture carried 
away. In this edifice it was determined I should 
lodge. The great gate fronting to the north was 
about four foot high, and almost two foot wide, 
through which I could easily creep. On each side 
of the gate was a small window, not above six 
inches from the ground: into that on the left side 
the king’s smiths conveyed fourscore and eleven 
chains, like those that hang to a lady’s watch in 
Europe, and almost as large, which were locked to 
my left leg with thirty-six padlocks. Over against 
this temple, on t’other side of the great highway, at 
twenty foot distance, there was a turret at least 
five foot high. Here the emperor ascended, with 
many principal lords of his court, to have an oppor- 
tunity of viewing me, as I was told, for I could not 
see them. It was reckoned that above an hundred 
thousand inhabitants came out of the town upon the 
same errand ; and, in spite of my guards, I believe 


29 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


there could not be fewer than ten thousand at 
several times. who mounted upon my body by the 
help of ladders. But a proclamation was soon 
issued to forbid it upon pain of death. When the 
workmen found it was impossible for me to break 
loose they cut all the strings that bound me; 
whereupon I rose up, with as melancholy a dis- 
position as ever I had in my life. But the noise 
and astonishment of the people, at seeing me rise 
and walk, are not to be expressed. The chains that 
held my left leg were about two yards long, and 
gave me not only the liberty of walking backward 
and forward in a semicircle, but, being fixed within 
four inches of the gate, allowed me to creep in and 
lie at my full length in the temple, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 2] 


OHAPTER IL 


The Emperor of Lilliput, attended by Several of the Nobility, 
comes to see the Author in his Confinement—The Em- 
peror’s Person and Habit described — Learned men 
appointed to teach the Author their Language—He gains 
favor by his mild Disposition—His Pockets are searched, 
and his Sword and Pistols taken from him. 


Wuen [| found myself on my feet I looked about 
me, and must confess [ never beheld a more enter- 
taining prospect. The country round appeared like 
a continued garden, and the enclosed fields, which 
_ were generally forty foot square, resembled so many 
beds of flowers. These fields were intermingled 
with woods of half a stang,* and the tallest trees, 
as I could judge, appeared tc be seven foot high. 
I viewed the town on my left hand, which looked 
like the painted scene of a city in a theater. 

The emperor was already descended from the 
tower, and advancing on horseback toward me, 
which had like to have cost him dear, for the beast, 


* An old name for a pole or perch (16 1-2 feet); also for a 
‘rood of ground. 


22 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS: 


though very weli trained, yet wholly unused to 
such a sight, which appeared as if a mountain moved ; 
before him, reared up on his hinder feet; but that 
prince, who is an excellent horseman, kept his seat 
till his attendants ran in and held the bridle while — 
his majesty had time to dismount. When he © 
alighted he surveyed me round with great admira- 
tion, but kept beyond the length of my chain. He — 
ordered his cooks and butlers, who were already 
prepared, to give me victuals and drink, which they ~ 
pushed forward in sorts of vehicle upon wheels ; 
till I could reach them. I took these vehicles, and 
soon emptied them all; twenty of them were filled — 
with meat, and ten with liquor; each of the former — 
afforded me two or three good mouthfuls, and I 
emptied the liquor of ten vessels, which was con- 
tained in earthen vials, into one vehicle, drinking it — 
off at a draught, and so I did with the rest. The — 
empress and young princes of the blood, of both ~ 
sexes, attended by many ladies, sat at some distance — 
in their chairs,* but upon the accident that hap- — 
pened to the emperor’s horse they alighted and | 
came near his person, which I am now going to- 
describe. He is taller, by almost the breadth of 


* That is sedans or sedan-chairs, such as were formerly — 


common, a kind of box for one person, borne ‘by two men by | 
means of poles, and serving the purpose of a cab. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 23 


my nail, than any of his court, which alone is 
enough to strike an awe into the beholders. His 
features are strong and masculine, with an Austrian 
lip and arched nose; his complexion olive, his 
countenance erect, his body and limbs well propor- 
tioned, all his motions graceful, and his deportment 
majestic. He was then past his prime, being 
twenty-eight years and three-quarters old,* of which 
he had reigned about seven in great felicity, and 
generally victorious. For the better convenience 
of beholding him I lay on my side, so that my face 
was parallel to his, and he stood but three yards 
off; however, I have had him since many times 
in my hand, and therefore cannot be deceived in 
the description. His dress was very plain and 
simple, and the fashion of it between the Asiatic 
and the European; but he had on his head a light 
helmet of gold, adorned with jewels, and a plume 
on the crest. He held his sword drawn in his hand 
to defend himself if I should happen to break loose; 
it was almost three inches long, the hilt and scab- 
bard were gold enriched with diamonds. His voice 
was shrill, but very clear and articulate, and I could 
distinctly hear it when I stood up. The ladies and 


* The lives of the Lilliputians were considerably shorter than 
ours, it must be understood. 


24 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


courtiers were all most magniticently clad, so that 
the spot they stood upon seemed to resemble a 
petticoat spread on the ground embroidered with 
figures of gold and silver. His imperial majesty 
spoke often to me, and I returned answers, but 
neither of us could understand a syllable. There 
were several of his priests and lawyers present (as [ 
conjectured by their habits), who were commanded 
to address themselves to me, and I spoke to them in 
as many languages as I lad the least smattering of, 
which were High and Low Dutch,* Latin, French, 
Spanish, Italian, and Lingua Franca,} but all to no 
purpose. Aiter about two hours the court retired, 
and I was left with a strong guard to prevent the 
impertinence and probably the malice of the rabble, 
who were very impatient to crowd about me as 
near as they durst, and some of them had the 
impudence to shoot their arrows at me as I sate on 
the ground by the door of my house, whereof one 
very narrowly missed my left eve. But the colonel 
ordered six of the ringleaders to be seized, and 
thought no punishment so proper as to deliver them 


* Or, as we should say, German and Dutch. 

+t A mixed dialect used in some parts of the Mediterranean 
coasts as a means of communication between persons of 
different nationality, and largely consisting of corrupted 
italian words. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 25 


bound into my hands, which some of his soldiers 
accordingly did, pushing them forward with the 
butt-ends of their pikes into my reach. I took them 
all in my right hand, put five of them into my coat 
pocket, and as to the sixth, I made a countenance 
as if I would eat him alive. The poor man squalled 
terribly, and the colonel and his officers were in 
much pain, especially when they saw me take out 
my penknife, but I soon put them out of fear, for 
looking mildly, and immediately cutting the strings 
he was bound with, I set him gently on the ground, 
and away he ran. I treated the rest in the same 
manner, taking them one by one out of my pocket, 
and I observed both the soldiers and people were 
highly delighted at this mark of my clemency, 
which was represented very much to my advantage 
at court. 

Toward night I got with some difficulty into my 
house, where I lay on the ground, and continued to 
do so about a fortnight, during which time the 
emperor gave orders to have a bed prepared for me. 
Six hundred beds of the common measure were 
brought in carriages, and worked up in my house; 
an hundred and fifty of their beds sewn together 
made up the breadth and length, and these were 
four double, which, however, kept me but very in- 
differently from the hardness of the floor, that was 


96 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


of smooth stone. By the same computation they 
provided me with sheets, blankets, and coverlets, 
tolerable enough for one who had been so long 
inured to hardships as L. 

As the news of my arrival spread through the © 
kingdom, it brought prodigious numbers of rich, idle, 
and curious people to see me; so that the villages © 
were almost emptied ; and great neglect of tillage 
and household affairs must have ensued, if his im- 
perial majesty had not provided, by several proc- — 
lamations and orders of state, against this incon- 
veniency. He directed that those who had already | 
‘beheld me should return home, and not presume to— 
come within fifty yards of my house without © 
license from court ; whereby the secretaries of state . 
got considerable fees. 

In the meantime the emperor held frequent — 
councils, to debate what course should be taken with — 
me; and I was afterward assured by a particular 
friend, a person of great quality,* who was looked 
upon to be as much in the secret as any, that the 


ee 


court was under many difficulties concerning me. 
They apprehended my breaking loose; that my diet | 
would be very expensive, and might cause a famine. © 
Sometimes they determined to starve me, or at least ; 


* Of high rank. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 27 


to shoot me in the face and hands with poisoned 
arrows, which would soon despatch me; but again 
they considered that the stench of so large a carcass 
might produce a plague in the metropolis, and prob- 
ably spread through the whole kingdom. In the 
midst of these consultations, several officers of the 
army went to the door of the great council-chamber, 
and two of them being admitted, gave an account of 


my behavior to the six criminals above mentioned, 
which made so favorable an impression in the breast 
of his majesty and the whole board in my behalf, 
that an imperial commission was ‘issued out obliging 
all the villages nine hundred yards round the city 
to deliver in every morning six beeves,* forty sheep, 
_and other victuals for my sustenance; together with 
'a proportionable quantity of bread, and wine, and 


other liquors; for the due payment of which his 
‘Majesty gave assignmentst upon his treasury— 
for this prince lives chiefly upon his own demesnes ; ¢ 
‘seldom, except upon great, occasions, raising any 
‘subsidies upon his subjects, who are bound to attend 
‘him in his wars at their own expense. An establish- 
‘ment was also made of six hundred persons to be 
‘my domestics, who had board wages allowed for 


_ * Cattle; oxen. + Orders or drafts for money. 


t Domains ; lands. 


28 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


their maintenance, and tents built for them, very 


conveniently on each side of my door. It was like- 
wise ordered that three hundred tailors should make 
me a suit of clothes, after the fashion of the country ; 
that six of his majesty’s greatest scholars should be 
employed to instruct me in their language; and, 
lastly, that the emperor’s horses, and those of the 
nobility, and troops of guard, should be frequently 
exercised in my sight, to accustom themselves to me. 
All these orders were duly put in execution; and in 
about three weeks I made a great progress in learning 
their language; during which time the emperor 
frequently honored me with his visits, and was 
pleased to assist my masters in teaching me. We 
began already to converse together in some sort: 
and the first words I learned were to express my 

desire that he would please to give me my liberty; 
which I every day repeated on my knees. His _ 
answer, as I could apprehend it, was, that this must 
be a work of time, not to be thought on without the - 
advice of his council, and that first [ must lwmos— 
kelmin pesso desmar lon emposo; that is, swear a 
peace with him and his kingdom. However, that I | 
should be used with all kindness. And he advised — 
me to acquire, by my patience and discreet behavior, 
the good opinion of himself and his subjects. He- 
desired I would not take it ill, if he gave orders to 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 29 


certain proper officers to search me; for probably I 
might carry about me several weapons, which must 
needs be dangerous things, if they answered the 
bulk of so prodigious a person. I said his majesty 
should be satisfied ; for I was ready to strip myself, 
and turn up my pockets before him. This 1 de- 
livered, part in wordsand partin signs. He replied, 
that by the laws of the kingdom, I must be searched 
by two of his officers; that he knew this could not 
be done without my consent and assistance: that he 
had so good an opinion of my generosity and 
justice as to trust their persons in my hands; that 
whatever they took from me should be returned 
when I left the country, or paid for at the rate 
which I would set upon them. [ took up the two 
officers in my hands, put them first into my coat 


pockets, and then into every other pocket about me, 
except my two fobs,* and another secret pocket I 
‘had no mind should be searched, wherein I had 
‘some little necessaries that were of no consequence 
to any but myself. In cane of my fobs there was a 
silver watch, and in the other a small quantity of 
gold ina purse. These gentlemen, having pen, ink, 
and paper about them, made an exact inventory of 
everything they saw; and when they had done 


* Small, deep pockets in the front of a person’s trousers. 


30 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


desired I would set them down, that they might 
deliver it to the emperor. This inventory I after- 
ward translated into English, and is word for word 
as follows: 

“ Imprimis,* In the right coat-pocket of the batt 
man-mountain (for so I interpret the words guinbus 
fiestrin), after the strictest search, we found only 
one great piece of coarse cloth, large enough to be 
a footcloth for your majesty’s chief room of state. 
In the left pocket we saw a huge silver chest, with 
a cover of the same metal, which we, the searchers, 
were not able to lift. We desired it should be 
opened, and one of us, stepping into it, found him- 
self up to the mid-leg in a sort of dust, some part 
whereof, flying up to our faces, set us both a-sneez- 
ing for several times together. In his right waist- 
coat pocket we found a prodigious bundle of white, 
thin substances, folded one over another, about the 
bigness of three men, tied with a strong cable, and 
marked with black figures, which we humbly con- 
ceive to be writings, every letter almost half as 
large as the palm of our hands. In the left. there 
was a sort of engine, from the back of which were 
extended twenty long poles, resembling the Pasar 
‘does before your majesty’s court; wherewith we 


* In the first place ; firstly. [Pron. im-pri’mis. ] 


GULLIVER’S TRAVEHLS, 31 


conjecture the man-mountain combs his head ; for 
we did not always trouble him with questions, be- 
cause we found it a great difficulty to make him 
understand us. In the large pocket, on the right 
side of his middle cover (so I translate the word 
ranfu-lo, by which they meant my breeches), we 
saw a hollow pillar of iron, about the length of a 
man, fastened to a strong piece of timber larger 
than the pillar; and upon one side of the pillar were 
huge pieces of iron sticking out, cut into strange 
figures, which we know not what to make of. In 

the left pocket, another engine of the same kind. 
In the smaller pocket, on the right side, were several 
round, flat pieces of white and red metal, of differ- 
ent bulk; some of the white, which seemed to be 
silver, were so large and heavy that my comrade 
and I could hardly lift them. In the seft pocket 
were two black pillars irregularly shaped: we could 
not, without difficulty, reach the top of them, as we 
stood at the bottom of his pocket. ne of them 
was covered and seemed all of a piece but at the 
ipper end of the other there appeared a white, 
‘ound substance, about twice the bigness of our 


aeads. Within each of these was enclosed a pro- 
ligious plate of steel; which, by our orders, we 
bliged him to show us, because we apprehended 
hey might be dangerous engines. He took them 


32 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


out of their cases, and told us that, in his own 
country, his practice was to shave his beard with 
one of these, and to cut his meat with the other. 
There were two pockets which we could not enter; 


“ We saw certain strange figures circularly drawn.” 


these he called his fobs; they were two large slits 
cut into the top of his middle cover, but squeezed 
close by the pressure of his belly. Out of the right 
fob hung a great silver chain, with a wonderful 
kind of engine at the bottom. We directed him to 
draw out whatever was at the end of that chain, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 33 


which appeared to be a globe, half silver, and 
half of some transparent metal; for, on the trans- 
parent side, we saw certain strange figures circu- 
larly drawn, and thought we could touch them, till 
we found our fingers stopped by that lucid* sub- 
stance. He put this engine to our ears, which made 
an incessant noise like that of a water-mill: and we 
conjecture it is either some unknown animal, or the 
god that he worships; but we-are more inclined to 
the latter opinion, because he assured us (if we un- 
derstood him right, for he expressed himself very 
imperfectly), that he seldom did anything without 
consulting it. He called it his oracle, and said it 
pointed out the time for every action of his life. 
From the left fob he took out a net, almost large 
enough for a fisherman, but contrived to open and 
shut like a purse, and served him for the same use: 
we found therein several massy pieces of yellow 
metal. which, if they be real gold, must be of im- 
mense value. 

“Having thus, in obedience to your majesty’s 
commands, diligently searched all his pockets, we 
observed a girdle about his waist, made of the hide 
of some prodigious animal, from which, on the left 
side, hung a sword of the length of five men; and 


* Shining ; transparent. 


34 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


on the right, a bag or pouch divided into two cells, 
each cell capable of holding three of your majesty’s 
subjects. In one of these cells were several globes 
or balls, of a most ponderous metal, about the big- 
ness of our heads, and required a strong hand to lift 
them; the other cell contained a heap of certain 
black grains, but of no great bulk or weight, for we 
could hold above fifty of them in the palms of our 
hands. be 

“This is an exact inventory of what we found 
about the body of the man-mountain, who used us 
with great civility, and due respect to your majesty’s 


commission. Signed and sealed on the fourth day 
of the eighty-ninth moon of your majesty’s auspi-_ 


cious reign. 
“ CrerREN FRELOCK, Marst FRELOoK.” 


When this inventory was read over to the emperor | 


he directed me, although in very gentle terms, to 


deliver up the several particulars. He first called 


for my scimitar,* which I took out, scabbard and 


all. In the meantime he ordered three thousand of 
his choicest troops (who then attended him) to sur- 
round me at a distance, with their bows and arrows. 
just ready. to discharge; but I did not observe it, 


—~ 


* A scimitar is properly a curved sword such as is worn by 


the Turks and other Orientals, 


| 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 35 


for mine eyes were wholly fixed upon his majesty. 
He then desired me to draw my scimitar, which, 
although it had got some rust by the sea-water, was 
in most parts exceeding bright. I did so, and im- 
mediately all the troops gave a shout between terror 
and surprise: for the sun shone clear, and the reflec- 
tion dazzled their eyes, as I waved the scimitar to 
and fro in my hand. His majesty, who is a most 
magnanimous prince, was less daunted than I could 
expect: he ordered me to return it into the scab- 
bard, and cast it on the ground as gently as I could, 
about six foot from the end of my chain. The next 
thing he demanded was one of the hollow iron pil- 
lars: by which he meant my pocket-pistols. I drew 
it out, and at his desire, as well as I could, expressed 
to him the use of it; and charging it only with 
powder, which, by the closeness of my pouch, hap- 
pened to escape wetting in the sea (an inconvenience 


against which all prudent mariners take special care 
to provide), I first cautioned the emperors not to be 
wfraid, and then [I let it off in the air. The astonish- 
ment here was much greater than at the sight of 
my scimitar. Hundreds fell down as if they had 
deen struck dead; and even the emperor, although 
1e stood his ground, could not recover himself in 
ome time. I delivered up both my pistols in the 
ame manner as I had done my scimitar, and then 


oo a ~~ 


36 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


my pouch of powder and bullets; begging him that 
the former might be kept from the fire, for it would 
kindle with the smallest spark, and blow up his im- 
perial palace into the air. I likewise delivered up 
my watch, which the emperor was very curious to 
see, and commanded two of his tallest yeomen of 
the guards* to bear it on a pole upon their shoulders, 
as draymen in England do a barrel of ale. He was 
amazed at the continual noise it made, and the 
motion of the minute-hand, which he could easily 
discern; for their sight is much more acute than 
ours: and asked the opinions of his learned men 
about him, which were various and remote, as the 
reader may well imagine without my repeating ; 
although, indeed, I could not very perfectly under- 
stand them. I then gave up my silver and copper 
money, my purse with nine large pieces of gold and 
some smaller ones; my knife and razor, my comb 
and silver snuff-box, my handkerchief, and journal- 
book. My scimitar, pistols, and pouch were con- 
veyed in carriages to his majesty’s stores; but the 
rest of my goods were returned me. 

I had, as I before observed, one private pocket, 
which escaped their search, wherein there was a 
pair of spectacles (which I somctimes use for the 


* The yeomen of the guard in England are the body-guard 
of the sovereign. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 3” 


weakness of mine eyes), a pocket perspective,* and 
several other little conveniences ; which, being of 
no consequence to the emperor, I did not think my- 
self bound in honor to discover,+ and I apprehended 
they might be lost or spoiled if I ventured them out 
of my possession. 


* An old name for a telescope. 


tShow: find out is now the common meaning. 


Bee ent QULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER III. 


The Author diverts the Emperor, and his Nobility of both 
sexes, in a very uncommon manner—The diversions of 
the Court of Lilliput described—The Author has his 
Liberty granted him upon certain conditions. 


My gentleness and good behavior had gained so 
far on the emperor and his court, and indeed upon 
the army and people in general, that I began to 
conceive hopes of getting my liberty ina short time. 
‘I took all possible methods to cultivate this favor- 
able disposition. The natives came, by degrees, to 
be less apprehensive of any danger from me. I 
would sometimes lie down, and let five or six of 


them dance on my hand; and at last the boys and 


girls would venture to come and play at hide-and- 


seek in my hair. [ had now made a good progress: 
in understanding and speaking their language. The 
emperor had a mind one day to entertain me with 
several of the country shows, wherein they exceed 
all nations I have known, both for dexterity and 
magnificence. I was diverted with none so much 


as that of the rope-dancers, performed upon a 
slender white thread, extended about two foot and 


ea er = 


dl i ae 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 39 


twelve inches from the ground. Upon which I 
shall desire liberty, with the reader’s patience, to 
enlarge a little. 

This diverson is only practised by those persons 
who are candidates for great employments and high 
favor at court. They are trained in this art from 
their youth, and are not always of noble birth or 
liberal education. When a great office is vacant, 
either by death or disgrace (which often happens), 
five or six of those candidates petition the emperor 
to entertain his majesty and the court with a dance 
on the rope; anc whoever jumps the highest with- 
out failing, succeeds in the office. Very often the 
chief ministers th mselves are commanded to show 
their skill, and tc convince the emperor that they 
have not lost their faculty. Flimnap, the treasurer, 
is allowed to cut a caper on the straight rope, at 
least an inch higher than any other lord in the 
whole empire. I have seen him do the summerset: 
several times together, upon a trencher* fixed on 
the rope, which is no thicker than a common pack- 
thread in England. My friend Reldresal, principal 
secretary for private affairs, is, in my opinion, if I 
am not partial, the second after the treasurer ; the 
test of the great officers are much upon a par. 


* A sort of wooden plate or fiat dish. 


4f) GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


These diversions are often attended with fatal 
accidents, whereof great numbers are on record. I 
myself have seen two or three candidates break a 
limb. But the danger is much greater when the 
ministers themselves are commanded to show their 
dexterity ; for, by contending to excel themselves 
and their fellows, they strain so far that there is 
hardly one of them who hath not received a fall, 
and some of them two or three. I was assured that, 
a year or two before my arrival, Flimnap would 
have infallibly broke his neck if one of the king’s 
cushions, that accidentally lay on the ground, had 
not weakened the force of his fall. 

There is likewise anoth:r diversion, which is only 
shown before the emperor and empress, and first 
minister, upon particular occasions. The emperor 
lays on atabie three fine silken threads of six inches 
long; one is blue, the other red, and the third 
-green. These threads are proposed as prizes for 
those persons whom the emperor hath a mind to 
distinguish by a peculiar mark of his favor. The 
ceremony is performed in his majesty’s great cham- 
ber of state, where the candidates are to undergo a 
trial of dexterity, very different from the former, 
and such as I have not observed the least resem- 
blance of in any other country of the old or the 
new world. The emperor holds a stick in his hands, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. . At 


both ends parallel to the horizon, while the candi- 
dates advancing, one by one, sometimes leap over 
the stick, sometimes creep under it, backward and 
forward, several times, according as the stick is 


Ss. 
— 


1 SS 
---———_ a 
SS 
Ae 
Wok 


SS 
SS oy 


4 


i 
Wy 
‘ 


& r 

‘ 

KAR 
RSS | 


SS 


“Whoever performs his part with most agility is rewarded with the blue 
colored silk.” 


ivanced or depressed. Sometimes the emperor 
aids one end of the stick, and his first minister the 
ther; sometimes the minister has it entirely to 
mself, Whoever performs his part with most 
sllity, and holds out the longest in leaping and 


49 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


creeping, is rewarded with the blue colored silk ; 
and red is given to the next, and the green to the 
third, which they all wear girt twice round about 
the middle; and you see few great persons about 
this court who are not adorned with one of these 
girdles. 

The horses of the army, and those of the royal 
stables, having been daily led before me, were no 
longer shy, but would come upto my very feet 
without starting. The riders would leap them over 
my hand, as I held it on the ground; and one of 
the emperor’s huntsmen, upon a large courser, took 
my foot, shoe and all, which was indeed a prodigious 
leap. I had the good fortune to divert the emperor 
one day after a very extraordinary manner. i 
desired he would order several sticks of two foot 
high, and the thickness of an ordinary cane, to be 


brought me; whereupon his majesty commanded 
the master of his woods to give directions accord- 
ingly; and the next morning six woodmen arrived 
v.th as many carriages, drawn by eight horses to 
each. I took nine of these sticks, and fixing them 
firmly in the ground in a quadrangular figure, two 
foot and a half square, I took four other sticks, and 
tied them parallel at each corner, about two foot 
from the ground; then I fastened my handkerchief 
to the nine sticks that stood erect, and extended it 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 43 


on all sides, till it was as tight as the top of adrum; 
and the four parallel sticks, rising about five inches 
higher than the handkerchief, served as ledges on 
each side. When I had finished my work, I desired 
the emperor to let a troop of his best horse, twenty- 
four in number, come and exercise upon this plain. 
His majesty approved of the proposal, and I took 
them up, one by one, in my hands, ready mounted 
and armed, with the proper officers to exercise 
them. As soon as they got into order they divided 
into two parties, performed mock skirmishes, dis- 
charged blunt arrows, drew their swords, fled and 
pursued, attacked and retired, and, in short, dis- 
covered the best military discipline I ever beheld. 
The parallel sticks secured them and their horses 
from falling over the stage; and the emperor was 
so much delighted that he ordered this entertain- 
ment to be repeated several days, and once was 
pleased to be lifted up and give the word of com- 
mand; and with great difficulty persuaded even the 
mpress herself to let me hold her in her close chair 
within two yards of the stage, from whence she was 
able to take a full view of the whole performance. It 
was my good fortune that no ill accident happened 
n these entertainments; only once a fiery horse, 
shat belonged to one of the captains, pawing with 
us hoof, struck a hole in my handkerchief, and his: 


44 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


foot slipping, he overthrew his rider and himself ; 
but I immediately relieved them both, and covering 
the hole with one hand, I set down the troop with 
the other, in the same manner as | took them up. 
The horse that fell was strained in the left shoulder, 
but the rider got no hurt; and I repaired my hand 
kerchief as well as I could: however, I would not 
trust to the strength of it any more in such dan. 


gerous enterprises. 
About two or three days before I was set at 


liberty, as I was entertaining the court with these 
kind of feats, there arrived an express to inform his 
majesty that some of his subjects, riding near the 
place where I was first taken up, had seen a oveat 
black substance lying on the ground, very oddly 
shaped, extending its edges round, as wide as his 
majesty’s bedchamber, and rising up in the middle 
as high as a man; that it was no living creature, as 
they at first apprehended, for it lay on the grass 
without motion, and some of them had walke 
round it several times; that, by mounting upo 
each other’s shoulders, they had got to the top 
which was flat and even, and stamping upon it 
they found it was hollow within; that they humbly 
conceived it might be something belonging to thy 
man-mountain; and, if his majesty pleased, the} 
would undertake to bring it with only five horses 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 45 


I presently knew what they meant, and was glad at 
heart to receive this intelligence. It seems, upon 
my first reaching the shore after our shipwreck I 
was in such contusion that, before I came to the 
place where I went to sleep, my hat, which I had 
fastened with a string to my head while I was row- 
ing, and had stuck on al! the time I was swimming, 
fell off after I came to land; the string, as I con- 
jecture, breaking by some accident which 1 never 
observed, but thought my hat had been lost at sea. 
ITentreated his imperial majesty to give orders it 
might be brought to me as soon as_ possible, 
‘describing to him the use and the nature of it: and 
‘the next day the wagoners arrived with it, but not 
‘ma very good condition ; they had bored two holes 
‘in the brim, within an inch and a half of the edge, 
and fastened two hooks in the holes; these hooks 
were tied by a long cord to the harness, and thus 
iy hat was dragged along for above half an Eng- 
lish mile; but the ground in that country being ex- 
‘tremely smooth and level, it received less damage 
‘than I expected. 

Two days after this adventure, the emperor, 
having oraered that part of hisarmy which quarters 
| In and about his metropolis to be in readiness, took 
‘a fancy of diverting himself in a very singular 
; 
| 
! 

a 


| 


46 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


manner. He desired 1 would stand like a Colossus,* 
with my legs as far asunder as I conveniently could. | 
He then commanded his general (who was an old 
experienced leader, and a great patron of mine) to 
draw up the troops in close order and march them ~ 
under me; the foot by twenty-four in abreast,+ and _ 
the horse by sixteen, with drums beating, colors _ 
flying, and pikes advanced. This body consisted of 
three thousand foot and a thousand horse. . 
I had sent so many memorials and petitions for 
my liberty, that his majesty at length mentioned 
the matter, first in the cabinet, and then in a full . 
council; where it was opposed by none except 
Skyresh Bolgolam, who was pleased, without any 
provocation, to be my mortal enemy. But it was_ 
carried against him by the whole board, and con- | 
firmed by the emperor. That minister was galbet, | 
or admiral of the realm, very much in his master’s 
confidence, and a person well versed in affairs, but 
of a morose and sour complexion.t However, he 
was at length persuaded to comply; but prevailed 


* The celebrated Colossus of antiquity was a brass statue 
over 100 feet high at the entrance of the harbor of Rhodes, 
popularity, but incorrectly, said to have stood with the legs 
apart so that ships sailed through between. 

+ In ranks of twenty-four men abreast, or side by side. 

t Disposition; character. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 41 


that the articles and conditions upon which I should 
be set free, and to which I must swear, should be 
drawn up by himself. These articles were brought 
to me by Skyresh Bolgo.am in person, attended by 
two under-secretaries and several persons of dis- 
tinction. After they were read, I was demanded to 
swear to the performance of them; first in the 
manner of my own country, and afterward in the 
method prescribed by their laws; which was, to 
hold my right foot in my left hand, to place the 
middle finger of my right hand on the crown of my 
head, and my thumb on the tip of my right ear. 
But because the reader may perhaps be curious to 
have some idea of the style and manner of expression 
peculiar to that people, as well as to know the 
articles upon which I recovered my liberty, I have 
made a translation of the whole instrument, word 
for word, as near as I was able, which I here offer 
to the public: 


“Golbasto Momarem Evlame Gurdilo Shefin 
Mully Ully Gue, most mighty Emperor of Lilliput, 
delight and terror of the universe, whose dominions 
extend five thousands dblustrugs (about twelve miles 
in circumference) to the extremities of the globe; 
monarch of all monarchs, taller than the sons of 
men; whose feet press down to the center, and 
Whose head strikes against the sun, at whose nod 
the princes of the earth shake their knees; pleasant 
as the spring, comfortable as the summer, fruitful 


AS GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


as autumn, dreadful as winter. His most sublime — 
majesty proposes to the man-mountain, lately — 
arrived at our celestial dominions, the following, — 
articles, which, by a solemn oath, he shall be obliged © 
to perform : | 
“1st. The man-mountain shall not depart from 
our dominions without our license under our great 
seal. . 
“9d. He shall not presume to come into our 
metropolis without our express order; at which— 
time the inhabitants shall have two hours’ warning” 
to keep within their doors. | 
“3d. The said man-mountain shall confine his 
walks to our principal highroads, and not offer to” 
walk, or lie down, in a meadow or field of corn. 
“4th. As he walks the said roads he shall take? 
the utmost care not to trample upon the bodies of | 
any of our loving subjects, their horses, or carriages, | 
nor take any of our said subjects into his hands _ 
without their own consent. , 
“5th. If an express* requires extraordinary dis- 
patch, the man-mountain shall be obliged to carry” 
in his pocket the messenger and horse a six days’ 
journey, once in every moon, and return the said) 
messenger back (if so required) safe to our imperial 
presence. ¥ 
“6th. He shall be our ally against our enemies in) 
the island of Blefuscu, and do his utmost to destroy 
their fleet, which is now preparing to invade us. — 
“th. That the said man-mountain shall, at his 
times of leisure, be aiding and assisting to our work- 
men, in helping to raise certain great stones, Lov 
covering the wall of the principal park, and other 
our royal buildings. | 
“8th. That the said man-mountain shall, in twa 
moons’ time, deliver in an exact survey of the cir 
ONE At AON MEINE ais 


—— 


* A special or pressing message. 
: 5 Fa) 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 49 


cumference of our dominions, by a computation of 
his own paces round the coast. 

“ Lastly. That, upon his solemn oath to observe 
all the above articles, the said man-mountain shall 
have a daily allowance of meat and drink sufficient 
for the support of 1,728 » 
of our subjects, with 
free access to our royal 
person, and other marks 
of our favor. Given at 
our palace at Belfa- 
borac, the twelfth day 
of the ninety-first moon 
of our reign.” 


I swore and _ sgub- 
scribed to these articles : 
vith great cheerfulness RN? AS 
md content, although aa 


ome of them were not 
0 honorable as I could 
lave wished; which 
roceeded wholly from 
he malice of Skyresh 
olgolam, the high-ad- 
ural; whereupon my 


NO Ree xa 
‘ ‘i bie 68 
BOAT Th a hy , 

Silels : 


dains were immedi- 
tely unlocked, and [  ‘‘Istepped over the great we or 

: gate and passed very gently. 
as at full liberty. The 
mperor himself in person, did me the honor to 
2 by at the whole ceremony. I made my 


50 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


acknowledgments by prostrating myself at his 

majesty’s feet : but he commanded me to rise; and 
after many gracious expressions, which, to avoid the 
censure of vanity I shall not repeat, he added, that 
he hoped I should prove a useful servant, and well 
deserve all the favors he had already conferred 
upon me, or might do for the future. 

The reader may please to observe, that, in the last 
article for the recovery of my liberty, the emperor 
stimulates to allow me a quantity of meat and drink 
sufficient for the support of 1,728 Lilliputians. Some 
time after, asking a friend at court how they came 
to fix on that determinate number, he told me that 
his majesty’s mathematicians, having taken the 
height of my body by the help of a quadrant,* and 
finding it to exceed theirs in_ the proportion of 
twelve to one, they concluded, from the similiarity 
of their bodies, that mine must contain at least 1,72 
of theirs, and consequently would require as much 
food as was necessary to support that number ol 
Lilliputians. By which the reader may conceive at 
idea of the ingenuity of that people, as well as the 


prudent and exact economy of so great a prince. 


* A mathematical instrument formerly used in astronom] 
and navigation, and now replaced by the sextant. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


g1 
= 


CHAPTER IV. 


Mildendo, the metropolis of Lilliput, described, together with 
the Emperor’s Palace—A conversation between the Author 
and a Principal Secretary, concerning the affairs of that 
Empire—The Author’s offers to serve the Emperor in his 
wars. 


Tue first request I made, after I had obtained my 
liberty, was, that I might have license to see Mil- 
dendo, the metropolis; which the emperor easily 


granted me, but with a special charge to do no hurt 
aither to the inhabitants or their houses. The 
eople had notice, by proclamation, of my design to 
isit the town. The wall, which encompassed. it, is 
wo foot and a half high, and at least eleven inches 
road, so that a coach and horses may be driven 
very safely round it; and it is flanked with strong 
wers at ten foot distance. I stepped over the 
reat western gate, and passed very gently and 
ideling through the two principal streets, only in 
ay short waistcoat, for fear of damaging the roofs 
nd eaves of the houses with the skirts of my coat. 
walked with the utmost circumspection, to avoid 


52 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


treading on any stragglers that might remain in the — 
streets; although the orders were very strict that — 
all people should keep in their houses, at their own — 
peril. The garret windows and tops of houses were 

so crowded with spectators that I thought in all my | 
travels I had not seen a more populous place. The 

city is an exact square, each side of the wall being 

sve hundred foot long. The two great streets, 

which run cross and divide it into four quarters, are 

five foot wide. ‘The lanes and alleys which I could 

not enter, but only viewed them as I passed, are 

from twelve to eighteen inches. The town is 

capable of holding five hundred thousand souls: the | 
houses are from three to five stories: the shops and 
markets well provided. 

The emperor’s palace is in the center of the city, 
where the two great streets meet. It is enclosed by, 
a wall of two foot high, and twenty foot distant 
from the buildings. I had his majesty’s permission 
to step over this wall; and the space being so wide 
between that and the palace, I could easily view it 
on every side. The outward court is a square of 
forty foot, and includes two other courts: in the im 
most are the royal apartments, which I was very, 
desirous to see, but found it extremely difficult ; for 
the great gates from one square into another were 
but eighteen inches high and seven inches. wide 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 53 


Now the buildings of the outer court were at least 
five foot high, and it was impossible for me to stride 
over them without infinite damage to the pile, 
though the walls were strongly built of hewn stone, 
and four inches thick. At the same time, the 
emperor had a great desire that I should see the 
Magnificence of his palace; but this I was not able 
to do till three days after, which I spent in cutting 
down with my knife some of the largest trees in the 
royal park, about a hundred yards distant from the 
city. Of these trees I made two stools, each about 
three foot high, and strong enough to bear my 
weight. The people, having received notice a 
second time, I went again through the city to the 
palace with my two stools in my hands. When I 
‘came to the side of the outer court, [ stood upon 
‘one stool, and took the other in my hand; this I 
lifted over the roof, and gently set it down on the 
‘space between the first and second court, which was 
eight foot wide. I then stepped over the buildings 
very conveniently from one stool to the other, and 
drew up the first after me with a hooked stick. By 
this contrivance I got into the inmost court; and, 
lying down upon my side, [ applied my face to the 
windows of the middle stories, which were left open 
on purpose, and discovered the most splendid apart 
inents that can be imagined. There I saw the 


54 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


empress and the young princes, in their several 


lodgings, with their chief attendants about them. 
Her imperial majesty was pleased to smile very 


graciously upon me, and gave me out of the window | 


her hand to kiss. 


But I shall not anticipate the reader with further | 


descriptions of this kind, because I reserve them for | 
a greater work, v -ich is now almost ready for the | 
press; containing a general description of this | 
empire, from its first erection, through a long series _ 
of princes, with a particular account of their wars | 
and politics, laws, learning and religion; their | 
plants and animals, their peculiar manners and | 
customs, with other matters very curious and use- | 
ful; my chief design at present being only to relate 
such events and transactions as happened to the . 
public or to myself during a residence of about nine | 


months in that empire. 


One morning, about a fortnight after I had | 
obtained my liberty, Reldresal, principal secretary 
(as they style him) of private affairs, came to my | 
house, attended only by one servant. He ordered | 
his coach to wait at a distance, and desired I would 
give him an hour’s audience; which I readily con- 
sented to, on account of his quality and personal 
merits, as well as of the many good offices he had | 
done me during my solicitations at court. I offered 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. oo 


to lie down, that he might the more conveniently 
reach my ear; but he chose rather to let. me hold 
him in my hand during our conversation. He began 
with compliments on my liberty; said he might 
pretend to some merit in it; but, however, added, 
that if it had not been for the present situation of 
things at court perhaps I might not have obtained 
itso soon. “ For,” said he, “as flourishing a condi- 
tion as we may appear to be in to foreigners, we 
labor under two mighty evils; a violent faction at 
home, and the danger of an invasion by a most 
potent enemy from abroad. As to the first, you are 
to understand that for above seventy moons past 
‘there have been two struggling parties in this 
‘empire, under the names Zramecksan and Slameck- 
san, from the high and low heels of their shoes, by 
which they distinguish themselves. It is alleged, 
‘Indeed, that the high heels are most agreeable to 
‘our ancient constitution; but, however this be, his 
(majesty hath determined to make use of only low 


‘heels in the administration of the government, and 
all offices in the gift of the crown, as you cannot 
‘but observe; and particularly that his majesty's 
‘imperial heels are lower, at least by a drurr, than 
any of his court (drurr is a measure about the four- 
teenth part of an inch.) The animosities between 
these two parties run so high that they will neither 


56 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


eat nor drink, nor talk with each other. We com: 
pute the Zramecksan, or high heels, to exceed us in © 
number; but the power is wholly on our side. We 
apprehend his imperial highness, the heir to the — 
crown, to have some tendency toward the high — 
heels; at least we can plainly discover one of his 
heels higher than the other, which gives him a” 
hobble in his gait. Now, in the midst of these in — 
testine disquiets, we are threatened with an invasion 
from the island of Blefuscu, which is the other i 
great empire of the universe, almost as large and — 
powerful as this of his majesty. For, as to what 
we have heard you affirm, that there are other 
kingdoms and states, in the world, inhabited by | 
human creatures as large as yourself, our philoso- 
phers are in much doubt, and would rather conjec-- 
ture that you dropped from the moon or one of — 
the stars; because it is certain that an hundred ' 
mortals of vour bulk would in a short time destroy 4 
all the fruits and cattle of his majesty’s dominions ; i 
besides, our histories of six thousand moons make 
no mention of any other regions than the two great 4 
empires of Lilliput and Blefuscu; which two mighty ; 
powers have, as I was going to tell you, been en-~ 
gaged in a most obstinate war for thirty-six moons. 
past. It began upon the following occasion: It is} 
allowed on all hands that the primitive way of — 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 54 


breaking eggs, before we eat them, was upon the 
larger end; but his present majesty’s grandfather, 
while he was a boy, going to eat an egg, and break- 
ing it according to the ancient practice, happened 
to cut one of his fingers; whereupon, the emperor 
his father published an edict, commanding all his 
subjects, upon great penalties, to break the smaller 
end of their eggs. The people so highly resented 
this law that our histories tell us there have been 
six rebellions raised on that account; wherein one 
emperor lost his life, and another his crown. These 
civil commotions were constantly fomented by the 
monarchs of Blefuscu; and when they were quelled 
the exiles always fled for refuge to that empire. It 
is computed that eleven thousand persons have at 
several times suffered death rather than submit to 
break their eggs at the smaller end. Many hundred 
large volumes have been published upon this con- 
troversy; but the books of the Big-endians have 
been long forbidden, and the whole party rendered 


incapable by law of holding empioyments. During 
‘the course of those troubles, the emperors of Ble- 
fuscu did frequently expostulate by their ambas- 
‘sadors, accusing us of making a schism in religion 
by offending against a fundamental doctrine of our 
great prophet Lustrog, in the fifty-fourth chapter of 
eo blundecral (which is their Aleor an). * This, 


* The ae ran or Bible of Aen Mohammedans. 


58 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


however, is thought to be a mere strain upon the 
text; for the words are these: that all true be 
lievers shall break their eggs at the convenient end. 
And which is the convenient end seems, in my 
humble opinion, to be left to every man’s conscience, 
or at least in the power of the chief magistrate to 
determine. Now, the Big-endian exiles have found — 
so much credit in the Emperor of Blefuscu’s court, — 
and so much private assistance and encouragement — 
from their party here at home, that a bloody war 
hath been carried on between the two empires for — 
- thirty-six moons with various success; during — 
which time we have lost forty capital ships, and a 
much greater number of smaller vessels, together — 
with thirty thousand of our best seamen and soldiers; _ 
and the damage received by the enemy is reckoned — 
to be somewhat greater than ours. However, they — 
have now equipped a numerous fleet, and are just — 
preparing to make a descent upon us; and his 
imperial majesty, placing great confidence in your 
valor and strength, hath commanded me to lay this — 
account of his affairs before you.” 

I desired the secretary to present my humble duty ~ 
to the emperor ; and to let him know that I thought 
it would not become me, who was a foreigner, to — 
interfere with parties; but I was ready, with the — 
hazard of mv life, to defend his person and state © 
against all invaders. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 59 


CHAPTER V. 


The Author, by an extraordinary stratagem, prevents an In- 
vasion — A high Title is conferred upon him — Ambassa- 
dors arrive from the Emperor of Blefuscu, and sue for 
Peace. 


Tue empire of Blefuscu is an island, situated to 
the northeast of Lilliput, from which it is parted 
only by a channel of eight hundred yards wide. I 
had not yet seen it, and upon this notice of an in- 
tended invasion I avoided appearing on that side of 
the coast, for fear of being discovered by some of 
‘the enemy’s ships, who had received no intelligence 
of me; all intercourse between the two empires 


having been strictly forbidden during the war, upon 
pain of death, and an embargo* laid by our emperor 
upon all vessels whatsoever. I communicated to 
his majesty a project I had formed, of seizing the 
enemy’s whole fleet; which, as our scouts assured 
us, lay at anchor in the harbor, ready to sail with 
the first fair wind. I consulted the most experi- 


* A command or order preventing them from leaving the 
seaports. 


60 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


enved seamen upon the depth of the channel, which 


they had often plumbed; who told me that in the i 
middle, at high-water, it was seventy glumgluffs — 


deep, which is about six foot of European measure, 


and the rest of it fifty glwmgluffs at most. [ walked i 


toward the northeast coast, over against Blefuscu, 


and, lying down behind a hillock, took out my small — 


pocket perspective glass, and viewed the enemy’s 


fleet at anchor, consisting of about fifty men-of-war, — 


and a great number of transports: I then came 


back to my house, and gave order (for which I had © 
a warrant) for a great quantity of the strongest © 
cable and bars of iron. The cable was about as _~ 
thick as packthread, and the bars of the length and — 
size of a knitting-needle. I trebled the cable to ; 


make it stronger, and for the same reason I twisted © 


three of the iron bars together, bending the extrem- © 
ities into a hook. Having thus fixed fifty hooks to _ 


as many cables, I went back to the northeast coast, — 
and, putting off my coat, shoes, and stockings, 


walked into the sea, in my leathern jerkin, about — 


half an hour before high-water. I waded with : 


what haste I could, and swam in the middle about ‘ 


thirty yards, till I felt ground. I arrived at the 


fieet in less than half an hour. The enemy was so 
trighted when they saw me that they leaped out of - 
heir ships, and swam to shore, where there could 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 61 


not be fewer than thirty thousand souls: I then 
took my tackling, and, fastening a hook to the hole 
at the prow of each, I tied all the cords together at 
the end. While I was thus employed the enemy 
discharged several thousand arrows, many of which 
stuck in my hands and face; and, besides the exces- 
sive smart, gave me much disturbance in my work. 
My greatest apprehension was for mine eyes, which 
[ should have infallibly lost, if I had not suddenly 
thought of an expedient. I kept, among other little 
necessaries, a pair of spectacles in a private pocket, 
which, as I observed before, had escaped the em- 
peror’s searchers. These I took out, and fastened 
as strongly as I could upon my nose, and, thus 
armed, went on boldly with my work, in spite of 
the enemy’s arrows, many of which struck against 
the glasses of my spectacles, but without any other 
effect further than a little to discompose* them. I 
had now fastened all the hooks, and, taking the knot 
in my hand, began to pull; but not a ship would 
stir, for they were all too fast held by their anchors, 
so that the bold part of my enterprise remained. I 
therefore let go the cord, and, leaving the hooks 
fixed to the ships, I resolutely cut with my knife 
the cables that fastened the anchors, receiving about 


—? 


—_————_———_—__,-—.. 


* Drive out of the proper position, 


62 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


two hundred shots in my face and hands; then I 
took up the knotted end of the cables, to which my 
hooks were tied, and with great ease drew fifty of 
the enemy’s largest men-of war after me. 

The Blefuscudians, who had not the least imag: 
ination of what I intended, were at first confounded 
with astonishment. They had seen me cut the 
cables, and thought my design was only to let the 
ships run adrift, or fall foul on each other; but 
when they perceived the whole fleet moving in 
order, and saw me pulling at the end, they set up— 
such a scream of grief and despair that it is almost 
impossible to describe or conceive. When I had got 
out of danger I stopped a while to pick out the 
arrows that stuck in my hands and face; and rubbed 
on some of the same ointment that. was given me at 
my first arrival, as I have formerly mentioned. I 
then took off my spectacles, and, waiting about an 
hour, till the tide was a little fallen, I waded 
through the middle with my cargo, and arrived safe 
at the royal port of Lilliput. 

The emperor and his whole court stood on the_ 
shore, expecting the issue of this great adventure. 
They saw the ships move forward in a large half- 
moon, but could not discern me, who was up to my 
breast in water. When I advanced to the middle 
of the channel they were yet more in pain, because 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 63 


I was under water to my neck. The emperor con- 
cluded me to be drowned, and that the enemy’s fleet 
was approaching in a hostile manner: but he was 
soon eased of his fears; for, the channel growing 
shallower every step I made, I came in a short time 
within hearing, and, holding up the end of the cable 
by which the fleet was fastened, I cried in a loud 
voice, “Long live the most puissant Emperor of 
Lilliput!” This great prince received me at my land- 
ing with all possible encomiums, and created me a 
nardac upon the spot, which is the highest title of 
honor among them. 

His majesty desired [ would take some other op- 
portunity of bringing all the rest of his enemy’s 
ships into his ports. And so unmeasurable is the 
ambition of princes, that he seemed to think of noth- 
ing less than reducing the whole empire of Blefuscu 
into a province, and governing it by a viceroy; of 
destroying the Big-endian exiles, and compelling 
that people to break the smaller end of their eggs, 
by which he would remain the sole monarch of the 
whole world. But I endeavored to divert him from 
this design, by many arguments drawn from the 
topics of policy as well as justice; and I plainly 
protested that I would never be an instrument of 
bringing a free and brave people into slavery. 


64 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


And, when the matter was debated in council, the 
wisest part of the ministry were of my opinion. 

This open, bold declaration of mine was so op 
posite to the schemes and politics of his imperiai 
majesty that he could never forgive it. He men. 
tioned it ina very artful manner at council, where i 
was told that some of the wisest appeared at least, 
by their silence, to be of my opinion; but others. 
who were my secret enemies, could not forbear 
some expressions which, by a side-wind, reflected on 
me. And from this time began an intrigue between 
his majesty and a junto* of: ministers, maliciously 
bent against me, which broke out in less than two 
months, and had like to have ended in my utter 
destruction. Of so little weight are the greatest 
services to princes when put into the balance with 
a refusal to gratify their passions. 

About three weeks after this exploit there arrived 
a solemn embassy from Blefuscu, with humble offers 
of a peace; which was soon concluded, upon con- 
ditions very advantageous to our emperor, where- 
with I shall not trouble the reader. There were six 
ambassadors, with a train of about five hundred 
persons: and their entry was very magnificent, 
suitable to the srandeur of their master, and the 


a NS Ne + 


* A party combined for a purpose. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 65 


importance of their business. When their treaty 
was finished, wherein [ did them several good offices 
by the credit { now had, or at least appeared to 
have, at court, their excellencies, who were privately 
told how much I had been their friend, made me a 
visit inform. They began with many compliments 
upon my valor and generosity, invited me to that 
kingdom in the emperor their master’s name, and 
desired me to show them some proofs of my prodi- 
gious strength, of which they had heard so many 
wonders; wherein | readily cbliged them, but shal! 


not trouble the reader with the particulars. 

When i had for some time entertained their ex- 
cellencies to their infinite satisfaction and surprise, 
Idesired they would do me the honor to present 


my most humble respects to the emperor their 
master, the renown of whose virtues had so justly 
filled the whole world with admiration, and whose 
royal person I resolved to attend before I returned to 
my own country. Accordingly, the next time I had 
the honor to see our emperor, i desired his generai 
license to wait on the Blefuscudian monarch, which 
he was pleased to grant me, as I could plainly per- 
velve, in a very cold manner; but could not guess the 
season, till 1 had a whisper from a certain person, 
hat Flimnap and Bolgolam had represented my 
ntercourse with those ambassadors as a mark of 


66 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


disaffection ; from which I am sure my heart was 
wholly free. And this was the first time I began 
to conceive some imperfect idea of courts and 
ministers. 

It is to be observed that these ambassadors spoke 
to me by an interpreter, the languages of both 
empires differing as much from each other as any — 
two in Europe, and each nation priding itself upon 
the antiquity, beauty, and energy of their own) 
tongues, with an avowed contempt for that of their | 
neighbor; yet our emperor, standing upon the | 
advantage he had got by the seizure of their fleet, 
obliged them to deliver their credentials, and make 
their speech in the Lilliputian tongue. And if 
must be confessed, that, from the great intercourse 
of trade and commerce between both realms, from 
the continual reception of exiles, which is mutual 
among them, and from the custom, in each empire, 
to send their young nobility and richer gentry to 
the other, in order to polish themselves by seeing 
the world, and understanding men and manners, 
there are few persons of distinction, or merchants, 
or seamen, who dwell in the maritime parts, but 
what can hold conversation in both tongues; as I 
found some weeks after, when I went to pay my 
respects to the Emperor of Blefuscu, which, in the 
midst of great misfortunes, through the malice of 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 64 


my enemies, proved a very happy adventure to me, 
as I shall relate in its proper place. 

The reader may remember, that when I signed 
those articles upon which I recovered my liberty, 
there were some which I disliked, upon account of 
their being too servile; neither could anything but 
an extreme necessity have forced me to submit. 
But being now a nardac of the highest rank in that 
empire, such offices were looked upon as below my 
dignity, and the emperor (to do him justice) never 
once mentioned them to me. 


63 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER VI. 


Of the Inhabitants of Lilliput; their Learning, Laws, and — 
Customs; the Manner of Educating their Childrer.~-The — 


Author’s way of living in that Country—His Vind:cation | 


of a great Lady. 


Axurnovuen I intend to leave the description of this © 


empire to a particular treatise, yet, in the meantime, 


I am content to gratify the curious reader with 


some general ideas. As the common size of the 
natives is somewhat under six inches high, so there 


is an exact proportion in all other animals, as well 
as plants and trees; for instance, the tallest horses — 
and oxen are between four and five inches in height, — 
the sheep an inch and half, more or less; their 
geese about the bigness of a sparrow, and so the 
several gradations, downward, till you come to the 
smallest, which, to my sight, were almost invisible; 


but nature hath adapted the eyes of the Lilliputians” 


to all objects proper for their view ; they see with 


great.exactness, but at no great distance. And to 
show the sharpness of their sight toward objects 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 69 


that are near, I have been much pleased observing a 
cook pulling* a lark, which was not so large as a 
common fly; and a young girl threading an in- 
visible needle with invisiblesilk. ‘Their tallest trees 
are about seven foot high; [mean some of those in 
the great royal park, the tops whereof I could but 
just reach with my fist clenched. The other 
vegetables are in the same proportion; but this I 
leave to the reader’s imagination. 

I shall say but little at present of their learning, 
which for many ages hath flourished in all its 
branches among them; but their manner of writing 
is very peculiar, being neither from the left to the 
right, like the Europeans; nor from the right to the 
left, like the Arabians; nor from up to down like 
the Chinese; but aslant from oné corner of the 
paper to the other, like ladies in England.f 

They bury their dead with their heads directly 
downward, because they hold an opinion, that in 
eleven thousand moons they are all to rise again; 
in which period the earth (which they conceive to 
be flat) will turn upside down, and by this means 
they shall at their resurrection be found ready 


———— 


* Plucking the feathers from it. 
+This is a hit at the careless way some ladies have of 
allowing their writing to run slantwise, instead of straight 


across the paper. 


20 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


standing on their feet. The learned among them 
confess the absurdity of this doctrine; but the 
practice still continues, in compliance to the vulgar. 

There are some laws and customs in this empire 
very peculiar; and if they were not so directly con- 
trary to those of my own dear country, I should be 
tempted to say a little in their justification. It is 
only to be wished that they were as well executed. 
The first I shall mention relates to informers. All 
crimes against the state are punished here with the 
utmost severity ; but if the person accused maketh 
his innocence plainly to appear upon his trial, the 
accuser is immediately put to an ignominious death ; 
and out of his goods or lands the innocent person is 
quadruply recompensed for the loss of his time, for 
the danger he underwent, for the hardship of his 
imprisonment, and for all the charges he hath been 
at in making his defense. Or, if that fund be de 
ficient, it is largely supplied by the crown. The 
emperor does also confer on him some public mark 
of his favor, and proclamation is made of his inno- 
cence through the whole city. 

They look upon fraud as a greater crime than 
theft, and therefore seldom fail to punish it with 
death; for they allege that care and vigilance, with 
a very common understanding, may preserve a 
man’s goods from thieves, but honesty has no fence 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, "1 


against superior cunning; and, since it is necessary 
that there should be a perpetual intercourse of buy- 
ing and selling, and dealing upon credit, where 
fraud is permitted or connived at, or hath no law to 
punish it, the honest dealer is always undone, and 
the knave gets the advantage. I remember when 
I was once interceding with the king for a criminal 
who had wronged his master of a great sum of 
‘money, which he had received by order and ran 
away with; and happening to tell his majesty, by 
“way of extenuation, that it was only a breach of 
‘trust, the emperor thought it monstrous in me to 
offer as a defense the greatest aggravation of the 
crime; and truly I had little to say in return, 
‘further than the common answer, that different 
‘nations had different customs; for I confess I was 
heartily ashamed. 

Although we usually call reward and punishment 
'the two hinges upon which all government turns, 
yet I could never observe this maxim to be put in 
practice by any nation, exvept that of Lilliput. 
Whoever can there bring sufficient proof that he 
‘hath strictly observed the laws of his country for 
seventy-three moons hath a claim to certain privi- 
‘leges, according to his quality and condition of life, 
with a proportionable sum of money, out of a fund 
“appropriated for that use; he likewise acquires the 


72 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


title of snzpali, or legal, which is added to his 
name, but does not descend to his posterity. And — 
these people thought it a prodigious defect of policy | 
among us when I told them that our laws were | 
enforced only by penalties, without any mention of 
reward. It is upon this account that the image of 
Justice, in their courts of judicature, is formed swith 
six eyes, two before, as many behind, and on each 
side one, to signify circumspection; with a bag of | 
gold open in her right hand, and a sword sheathed 
in her left, to show she is more disposed to reward 
than to punish. 

In choosing persons for all employments they | 
have more regard to good morals than to great 
abilities; for, since government is necessary to- 
mankind, they believe that the common size of 
human understandings is fitted to some station or 
other ; and that Providence never intended to make 
the management of public affairs a mystery to be 
comprehended only by a few persons of sublime | 
genius, of which there seldom are three born in an 
age; but they suppose truth, justice, temperance, 
and the like, to be in every man’s power; the 
practice of which virtues, assisted by experience 
and a good intention, would qualify any man for the 
service of his country, except where a course of 
study is required. Lut they thought the want of 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. "3 


moral virtues was so far from being supplied by 
superior endowments of the mind that employments 
could never be put into such dangerous hands as 
those of persons so qualified; and at least, that the 
mistakes committed by ignorance, in a virtuous 
disposition, would never be of such fatal con- 
sequence to the public weal, as the practices of a 
man whose inclinations led him to be corrupt, and 
had great abilities to manage, and multiply, and 
defend, his corruptions. 

In like manner the disbelief of a Divine Provi- 
dence renders a man incapable of holding any 
public station; for, since kings avow themselves to 
be the deputies of Providence, the Lilliputians think 
nothing can be more absurd than for a prince to 
employ such men as disown the authority under 
which he acts. 

In relating these and the following laws, I would 
only be understood to mean the original institutions, 
and not the most scandulous corruptions, into which 
these people are fallen by the degenerate nature of 
man. For, as to that infamous practice of acquiring 
great employments by dancing on the ropes, or 
badges of favor and distinction by leaping over 
sticks and creeping under them, the reader is to 
Observe, that they were first introduced by the 
grandfather of the emperor now reigning, and 


vA GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


grew to the present height by the gradual increase 


of party and faction. 
Ingratitude is among them a capital crime, as we 


read it to have been in some other countries; for 


they reason thus, that whoever makes ill returns to 


his benefactor must needs be a common enemy to 
the rest of mankind, from whom he hath received 
no obligation, and therefore such a man is not fit to. 


live. 


Their notions relating to the duties of parents and 


children differ extremely from ours. Their opinion 


is, that parents are the last of all others to be - 
trusted with the education of their own children; 


and therefore they have in every town public 
nurseries, where all parents, except cottagers and 


laborers, are obliged to send their infants of both | 
sexes to be reared and educated, when they come 


to the age of twenty moons, at which time they are 
supposed to have some rudiments of docility. These 
schools are of several kinds, suited to different 
qualities, and to both sexes. They have certain pro- 
fessors, well skilled in preparing children for such 
a condition of life as befits the rank of their parents, 
and their own capacities, as well as inclinations. I 
shall first say something of the male nurseries, and 
then of the female. 


The nurseries for males of noble or eminent 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. ve) 


birth are provided with grave and learned pro- 
fessors, and their several deputies. The clothes and 
food of the children are plainand simple. They are 
bred up in the principles of honor, justice, courage, 
modesty, clemency, religion, and love of their 
country ; they are always employed in some busi- 
ness, except in the times of eating and sleeping, 
which are very short, and two hours for diversions 
consisting of bodily exercises. They are dressed 
‘by men till four years of age, and then are obliged 


to dress themselves, although their qualitv* be ever 
‘so great; and the women attendants, who are aged 
proportionably to ours at fifty, perform only the 
most menial offices. They are never suffered to 
converse with servants, but go together in smaller 
or greater numbers to take their diversions,and 
always in the presence of a professor, or one of his 
deputies ; whereby they avoid those early bad im- 
pressions of folly and vice to which our children 
are subject. Their parents are suffered to see them 
ionly twice a year; the visit is to last but an hour; 
they are allowed to kiss the child at meeting and 
parting ; but a professor, who always stands by on 
those occasions, will not suffer them to whisper, or 
use any fondling expressions, or bring any presents 
of toys, sweetmeats, and the like. 


* Rank. 


76 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


The pension from each family for the education 
and entertainment of a child, upon failure of due 
payment, is levied by the emperor’s officers. 

The nurseries for children of ordinary gentlemen, 
merchants, traders, and handicrafts, are managed 
proportionably after the same manner; only those 
designed for trades are put out apprentices at eleven 
years old; whereas those of persons of quality con- 
tinue in their nurseries till fifteen, which answers to 
twenty-one with us : but the confinement is gradually 
lessened for the last three years. 

In the female nurseries the young girls of quality 
are educated much like the males, only they are 
dressed by orderly servants of their own sex; but 
always in the presence of a professor or deputy, till 
they come to dress themselves, which is at five years 
old. And if it be found that these nurses ever 
presume to entertain the girls with frightful or 
foolish stories, or the common follies practiced by 
chambermaids among us, they are publicly whipped 
thrice about the city, imprisoned for a year, and 
banished for life to the most desolate part of the: 
country. Thus the young ladies there are as much 
ashamed of being cowards and fools as the men; 
and despise all personal ornaments, beyond decency 
and cleanliness : neither did I perceive any difference 
in their education, made by their difference of sex, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. v4 


only that the exercises of the females were not alto- 
gether so robust; and that some rules were given 
them relating to ddmestic life, and a smaller compass 
of learning was enjoined them: for the maxim is, 
that among people of quality a wife should be al- 
ways a reasonable and agreeable companion, because 
she-cannot always be young. When the girls are 
twelve years-old, which among them is the marriage- 
able age, their parents or guardians take them home, 
with great expression of gratitude to the professors, 
and seldom without tears of the young lady and her 
companions. 

In the nurseries of females of the meaner sort 
the children are instructed in all kinds of works 
proper for their sex, and their several degrees: 
those intended for apprentices are dismissed at seven 
years old, the rest are kept to eleven. 

- The meaner families, who have children at these 
‘murseries, are obliged, besides their annual pension, 
which is as low as possible, to return to the steward 


jof the nursery a small monthly share of their 
gettings, to be a portion for the child; and there- 
fore all parents are limited in their expenses by 
the law. For the Lilliputians think nothing can be 
more unjust than for people to bring children into 
the world, and leave the burden of supporting them 
oa the public. As to persons of quality, they give 


"8 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


security to appropriate a certain sum for each child, 
suitable to their condition; and these funds are 
always managed with good husbandry, and the most 
exact justice. | 
The cottagers and laborers keep their children at 
home, their business being only to till and cultivate 
the earth, and therefore their education is of little 
consequence to the public: but the old and diseased 
among them are supported by hospitals; for beg- 


| 


And here it may perhaps divert the curious reader 


ging is a trade unknown in this kingdom. 


to give some account of my domestic,* and my man- 
ner of living in this country, during a residence of 
nine months and thirteen days. Having a head 
mechanically turned,+ and being likewise forced by 
necessity, I had made for myself a table and chair con | 
venient enough, out of the largest trees in the royal 
park. Two hundred sempstresses were employed to 
make me shirts and linen for my bed and table, all 
of the strongest and coarsest kind they could get; 
which, however, they were forced to quilt together 
in several folds, for the thickest was some degrees 
finer than lawn. Their linen is usually three inches 
wide, and three foot make a piece. The sempstresses 


* Household; domestic affairs. 
+ Having a turn for mechanics; being naturally clever in 
contriving and making articles by hand. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, "9 


took my measure as I lay on the ground, one stand- 
ing at my neck, and another at my mid-leg, with a 
strong cord extended, that each held by the end, 
while the third measured the length of the cord 
with a rule of an inch long. Then they measured 
my right thumb, and desired no more; for, by a 
mathematical computation, that twice round the 
thumb is once round the wrist, and so on to the 


neck and the waist, and by the help of my old shirt, 
which [| displayed on the ground before them for a 
pattern, they fitted me exactly. Three hundred 
tailors were employed in the same manner to make 
me clothes; but they had another contrivance for 
taking my measure. I kneeled down, and they 
raised a ladder from the ground to my neck; upon 
this ladder one of them mounted, and let fall a 
plumb-line from my collar to the floor, which just 
answered the length of my coat; but my waist and 
arms I measured myself. When my clothes were 
finished, which was done in my house (for the 
largest of theirs would not have been able to hold 
them), they looked like the patchwork made by the 
adies in England, only that mine were all of a 
solor. 

I had three hundred cooks to dress my victuals, in 
ittle convenient huts built about my house, where 
they and their families lived, and prepared me twa 


80 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


dishes apiece. I took up twenty waiters in my | 
hand, and placed them on the table; an hundred | 
more attended below on the ground, some with. 
dishes of meat, and some with barrels of wine and | 
other liquors slung on their shoulders; all which 


the waiters above drew up, as I wanted, in a very 
ingenious manner, by certain cords, as we draw the 
bucket up a well in Europe. A dish of their meat 
was a good mouthful, and a barrel of their liquor a 
reasonable draught. Their mutton yields to ours, 
but their beef is excellent. I have had a sirloin so. 
large that I have been forced to make three bites of 
it: but this is rare. My servants were astonished | 
to see me eat it, bones and all, as in our country we 
do the leg of a lark. Their geese and turkeys I | 
usually eat at a mouthful, and I must confess they | 
far exceed ours. Of their smaller fowl I could take 


up twenty or thirty at the end of my knife. | 

One day his imperial majesty, being informed of | 
my way of living, desired that himself and his royal 
consort, with the young princes of the blood of both 
sexes, might have the happiness, as he was pleased | 
to call it, of dining with me. They came accord-| 
ingly, and I placed them upon chairs of state, upon 
my table just over against me, with their guards 
about them. Flimnap, the lord high treasurer, at- 
tended there likewise with his white staff; and IJ 


GULLIVHER'S TRAVELS. 81 


observed he often looked on me with a sour coun- 
tenance, which I would not seem to regard, but eat 
more than usual, in honor to my dear country, as 
well as to fill the court with admiration. I have 
some private reasons to believe that this visit from 
his majesty gave Flimnap an opportunity of doing 
me ill offices to his master. That minister had 
always been my secret enemy, though he outwardly 
caressed me more than was usual to the moroseness 
of his nature. He represented to the emperor the 
low condition of his treasury ; that he was forced to 
take up money at great discount; that exchequer 
bills would not circulate under nine per cent. below 
par; that, in short, I had cost his majesty above a 
million and a half of sprugs (their greatest gold 
coin, about the bigness of a spangle*); and, upon 
he whole, that it would be advisable in the emperor 
to take the first fair occasion of dismissing me. 

I am here obliged to vindicate the reputation of 
a excellent lady, who was an innocent sufferer 
upon my account. The treasurer took a fancy to 
be jealous of his wife, from the malice of some evil 
tongues, who informed him that her grace had taken 
a violent affection for my person; and the court 


* One of the small, round scales of shining metal attached 
so some dresses worn by actors on the stage. 


wpe 


82 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


scandal ran for some time, that she once came pri _ 


vately to my lodging. This I solemnly declare té 
be a most infamous falsehood, without any grounds, . 
further than that her grace was pleased to treat me ) 
with all innocent marks of freedom and friendship. 
I own she came often to my house, but always pub- 


licly, nor ever without three more in the coach, who- 


were usually her sister and young daughter, and 
some particular acquaintance: but this was common 
to many other ladies of the court. And I still appeal 
to my servants round, whether they at any time saw 


a coach at my door without knowing what persons | 


were in it. On those occasions, when a servant had 
given me notice, my custom was to go immediately 
to the door; and, after paying my respects, to take 
up the coach and two horses very carefully in my 
hands (for if there were six horses, the postillion 
always unharnessed four), and place them on a table, 
where I had fixed a movable rim quite round, of five 
inches high, to prevent accidents. And J have often 


had four coaches and horses at once on my table, full © 
of company, while I sate in my chair, leaning my 
face toward them; and when I was engaged with | 
one set the coachman would gently drive the others | 


round my table. I have passed many an afternoon” 
very agreeably in these conversations. But I defy 
the treasurer, oy his two informers (I will name 


peter 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 83 


them, and let them make their best of it), Clustril and 
Drunlo, to prove that any person ever came to me 
meognito, except the secretary Reldresal, who was 
sent by express command of his imperial majesty, 
as I have before related. I should not have dwelt 
so long upon this particular if it had not been a 
‘point wherein the reputation of a great lady 1s so 
nearly concerned, to say nothing of my own; 
though I had then the honor to be a nardac, which 
the treasurer nimself is not; for all the world knows 
he is only a glumglum, a title inferior by one degree, 
as that of a marquis is toa duke in England; although 
'I allow he preceded me* in right of his post. These 
false informations, which I afterward came to the 
knowledge of by an accident not proper to mention, 


made Flimnap, the treasurer, show his lady for 
some time an ill countenance, and me a worse; and 
although he was at last undeceived and reconciled 
‘to her, yet I lost all credit with him, and found my 
interest decline very fast with the emperor himself, 
who was indeed too much governed by that favorite. 


* Had the right of going before me on occasions of ceremony. 


84 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER VIL. 


The Author, being informed of a Design to accuse him of 
High-treason, makes his Escape to Blefuscu—His Recep 
tion there. 


Bzerore I proceed to give an account of my 
leaving this kingdom, it may be proper to inform 
the reader of a private intrigue which had been ior 
two months forming against me. | 

I had been hitherto, all my life, a stranger to 
courts, for which I was unqualified by the meanness” 
of my condition. I had indeed heard and read 
enough of the dispositions of great princes and 
ministers; but never expected to have found suc H 
terrible effects of them in so remote a country, 
governed, as I thought, by very different maxims 
from those in Europe. 

When I was just preparing to pay my attendance 
on the Emperor of Blefuscu, a considerable person 
at court (to whom I had been very serviceable at a- 
time when he lay under the highest dispteas ire of 
his imperial majesty) came te my heuse very 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. Qa 


privately at night, in a close chair,* and, without 
sending his name, desired admittance. The chair- 
men were dismissed ; [ put the chair, with his lord- 


q f 
; 


Wess 
SS 


SS 
Si 


ee we 
ts = a 
a, ee 

SS iz 


~ 

Le 
RS 

Lda 
NSS 0 


* You are to know,”’ said he, “‘ that several committees of council have been 


lately called.” 


hip in it, into my coat-pocket; and giving orders 


0 a trusty servant to say I was indisposed and gone 


*See note page 22. 


86 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


to sleep, I fastened the door of my house, placed 
the chair on the table, according to my usual 
custom, and sate down by it. After the common 
salutations were over, observing his lordship’s 
countenance full of concern, and inquiring into the 
reason, he desired I would hear him with patience, 
in a matter that highly concerned my honor and my 
life. His speech was to the following effect, for I 
took notes of it as soon as he left me: 

‘You are to know,” said he, “that several com- 
mittees of council have been lately called, in the 
most private manner, on your account ; and it is but 
two days since his majesty came to a full resolution. 

“You are very sensible that Skyresh Bolgolam 
(galbet, or high admiral) hath been your mortal 
enemy almost ever since your arrival. His origiaal 
reasons I know not; but his hatred is much in- 
creased since your great success against Blefusco, by — 
which his glory as admiral is obscured. This lord, 
in conjunction with Flimnap the high treasurer, | 
whose emnity against you is notorious on account of 
his lady, Limtoc the general, Lalcon the chamber- 
lain, and Balmuff the grand justiciary have pre. 
pared articles of impeachment against you, for 
treason and other capital crimes.” | 

This preface made me so impatient, being con- 
scious of my own merits and innocence, that I was 


_@ULLIVER’S TRAVELS. gy 


going to interrupt, when he entreated me to be 
silent, and thus proceeded : 

“ Out of gratitude for the favors you have done 
me, I procured information of the whole proceed- 
ings, and a copy of the articles ; wherein I ventured 
my head for your service. 


“ Articles of Impeachment against Quinbus Flestrin, 
the Man-Mountain. 


“ Article 1—That the said Quinbus Flestrin, 
having brought the imperial fleet of Blefusco into 
the royal port, and being afterward commanded by 
his imperial majesty to seize all the other ships of 
‘the said empire of Blefusco, and reduce that empire 
‘to a province, to be governed by a viceroy from 
hence, and to destroy and put to death, not only all 
the Big-endian exiles, but likewise all the people of 
that empire who would not immediately forsake the 
'Big-endian heresy ; he, the said Flestrin, like a false 
traitor against his most auspicious, serene, imperial 
majesty, did petition to be excused from the said 
‘service, upon pretense of unwillingness to force the 
consciences, or destroy the liberties and lives, of an 
innocent people. 
“ Article 2.—That whereas certain ambassadors 
arrived from the court of Blefuscu, to sue for peace 
tm his majesty’s court; he, the said Flestrin, did, like 


88 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


a false traitor, aid, abet, comfort, and divert the 
said ambassadors, although he knew them to be 
servants to a prince who was lately an open enemy 
to his imperial majesty, and in open war against his 
said majesty. 

“ Article 3.—That the said Quimbus Flestrin, 
contrary to the duty of a faithful subject, is now 
preparing to make a voyage to the court and 
empire of Blefuscu, for which he hath received only 
verbal license from his imperial majesty ; and, 
under color of the said license, doth falsely and 
traitorously intend to take the said voyage, and 
thereby to aid, comfort, and abet the Emperor of 
Blefuscu, so late an enemy, and in open war with 
his imperial majesty aforesaid. 

“There are some other articles; but these are the 
most important, of which I have read you an 
abstract. 

“In the several debates upon this impeachment, 
it must be confessed that his majesty gave many 
marks of his great lenity ; often urging the services 
you had done him, and endeavoring to extenuate 
your crimes. The treasurer and admiral insist 
that you should be put to the most painful an 
ignominious death, by setting fire to your house a 
night; and the general was to attend with twenty 
thousand men, armed with poisoned arrows, . 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 89 


hoot you on the face and hands. Some of your 
servants were to have private orders to strew a 
ooisonous juice on your shirts, which would soon 
nake you tear your own flesh, and die in the utmost 
sorture. The general came into the same opinion; 
30 that for a long time there was a majority against 
you; but his majesty resolving, if possible, to spare 
your life, at last brought off the chamberlain. 

“ Upon this incident, Reldresal, principal secre- 
ary for private affairs, who always approved him- 
self your true friend, was commanded by the 
xmperor to deliver his opinion, which he accordingly 
lid; and therein justified the good thoughts you 
aave of him. He allowed your crimes to be great, 


ut that still there was room for mercy, the most 
commendable virtue in a prince, and for which his 
najesty was so justly celebrated. He said, the 
riendship between you and him was so well known 
0 the world that perhaps the most honorable board 
aight think him partial; however, in obedience to 
he command he had received, he would freely offer 
lis sentiments. That if his majesty, in considera- 
ion of your services, and pursuant to his own 
aerciful disposition, would please to spare your life, 
nd only give order to put out both your eyes, he 
mumbly conceived that, by this expedient, justice 
tight in some measure be satisfied, and all the 


90 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


=a — 


world would applaud the lenity of the emperor, as 


well as the fair and generous proceedings of those 
who had the honor to be his counselors. That the © 
loss of your eyes would be no impediment to your — 


bodily strength, by which you might still be useful © 


to his majesty; that blindness is an addition to— 


courage, by concealing dangers from us; that the 
fear you had for your eyes was the greatest diffi-— 


culty in bringing over the enemy’s fleet; and it 
would be sufficient for you to see by the eyes of the 


ministers, since the greatest princes do no more. 


“This proposal was received with the utmost dis- | 
approbation by the whole board. Bolgolam, the 


admiral, could not preserve his temper; but, rising 
in a fury, said he wondered how the secretary durst 
presume to give his opinion for preserving the life 
of a traitor; that the services you had performed 


‘were, by all true reasons of state, the great aggra-_ 


vation of your crimes; that the same strength, 
which enabled you to bring over the enemy’s fleet, 
might serve, upon the first discontent, to carry it 
back; that he had good reasons to think you were 
a Big-endian in your heart; and, as treason begins 
in the heart, before it appears in overt acts, so he 
accused you as a traitor on that account, and there 
fore insisted you should be put to death. 
“The treasurer was of the same opinion. He 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 9] 


showed to what straits his majesty’s revenue was 
reduced by the charge of maintaining you, which 
would soon grow insupportable; that the secretary’s 
expedient of putting out your eyes was so far from 
being a remedy against this evil that it would prob- 
ably increase it, as is manifest from the common 
practice of blinding some kind of fowls, after which 
they fed the faster, and grew sooner fat; that his 
sacred majesty and the council, who are your judges, 
were in their own consciences fully convinced of 


your guilt, which was a sufficient argument to con- 
demn you to death, without the formal proofs re- 
quired by the strict letter of the law. 

“But his imperial majesty, fully determined 
against capital punishment, was graciously pleased 
to say, that since the council thought the loss of 
your eyes too easy a censure,* some other may be 
inflicted hereafter. And your friend the secretary, 
humbly desiring to be heard again, in answer to 
what the treasurer had objected, concerning the 
great charge his majesty was at in maintaining you, 
said, that his excellency, who had the sole disposal 
of the emperor’s revenue, might easily provide 
igainst that evil, by gradually lessening your estab- 


*Sentence passed by a court or judge. The word now 
uways means reproof or fault-finding. 


92 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


lishment ; by which, for want of sufficient food, you 
would grow weak and faint, and lose your appetite, 
und consequently decay and consume in a few 
months. Neither would the stench of your carcass 
be then so dangerous, when it should become more 
than half-diminished; and immediately upon your 
death, five or six thousand of his majesty’s subjects 
might, in two or three days, cut your flesh from. 
your bones, take it away by cartloads, and bury it 
in distant parts, to prevent infection, leaving the 
skeleton as a monument of admiration to posterity. _ 

“ Thus, by the great friendship of the secretary, 
the whole affair was compromised. It was strictly 
enjoined that the project of starving you by degrees 
should be kept a secret; but the sentence of putting 
out your eyes was entered on the books; none dis- 


senting except Bolgolam, the admiral, who, being a 
creature of the empress, was perpetually instigated 
by her majesty to insist upon your death. 

‘“‘In three days your friend the secretary will be 
directed to come to your house, and read before you 
the articles of impeachment; and then to signify 
the great lenity and favor of his majesty and council, 
whereby you are only condemned to the loss of your 
eyes, which his majesty doth not question you will 
gratefully and humbly submit to; and twenty of his 
majesty’s surgeons wiil attend, in order to see the 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 93 


operation well performed, by discharging very sharp- 
pointed arrows into the balls of your eyes, as you 
lie on the ground. 

“TI leave to your prudence what measures you 
will take; and, to avoid suspicion, I must im- 
mediately return in as private a manner as I came.” 
_ His lordship did so; and I remained alone, under 
many doubts and perplexities of mind. 

It was a custom introduced by this prince and his 
ministry—very different, as I have been assured, 
from the practices of former times—that after the 
court had decreed any cruel execution, either to 


gratify the monarch’s resentment, or the malice of 
a favorite, the emperor made a speech to his whole 
council, expressing his great lenity and tenderness, 
as qualities known and confessed by all the world. 
This speech was immediately published through the 
kingdom; nor did anything terrify the people so 
much as those encomiums on his majesty’s mercy ; 
decause it was observed that the more these praises 
vere enlarged and insisted on, the more inhuman 
was the punishment, and the sufferer more innocent. 
And, as to myself, I must confess, having never 
deen designed for a courtier, either by my birth or 
sducation, I was so ill a judge of things that I could 
lot discover the lenity and favor of this sentence, 
ut conceived it (perhaps erroneously) rather to be 


94 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


rigorous than gentle. I sometimes thought of 
standing my trial; for, although I could not deny 
the facts alleged in the several articles, yet I hoped 
they would admit of some extenuations. But 
having in my life perused many state trials, which 
I ever observed to terminate as the judges thought 
fit to direct, I durst not rely on so dangerous a 
decision, in so critical a juncture, and against such 
powerful enemies. Once I was strongly bent upon 
resistance ; for while I had liberty, the whole 
strength of that empire could hardly subdue me, 
and I might easily with stones pelt the metropolis 
to pieces; but I soon rejected that project with 
horror, by remembering the oath I had made to the 
emperor, the favors I received from him, and the 
high title of nardac he conferred-upon me. Neither 
had I so soon learned the gratitude of courtiers, to 
persuade myself that his majesty’s present severities 
acquitted me of all past obligations. 

At last I fixed upon a resolution, for which it is 
probable I may incur some censure, and not um 
justly; for I confess I owe the preserving mine 


eyes, and consequently my liberty, to my own grea 
rashness and want of experience; because, if I had 
then known the nature of princes and ministers 
which I have since observed in many other courts 
and their methods of treating criminals less obnox 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 95 


ious than myself, I should, with great alacrity and 
readiness, have submitted to so easy a punishment. 
But, hurried on by the precipitancy of youth, and 
having his imperial majesty’s license to pay my at- 
tendance upon the Emperor of Blefuscu, I took this 
opportunity, before the three days were elapsed, to 
send a letter to my friend the secretary, signifying 
my resolution of setting out that morning for 
Blefuscu, pursuant to the leave I had got; and, 
without waiting for an answer, I went to that side 
of the island where our fleet lay. I seized a large 


n-of-war, tied a cable to the prow, and, lifting up 
the anchors, I stripped myself, put my clothes (to- 
ether with my coverlet, which I brought under 
y arm) into the vessel, and, drawing it after me, 
setween wading and swimming, arrived at the royal 
sort of Blefuscu, where the people had long ex- 
sected me: they lent me two guides to direct me 
io the capital city, which is of the same name. 1 
leld them in my hands till [came within two hun 
lred yards of the gate, and desired them to signify 
ny arrival to one of the secretaries, and let him 
snow I there waited his majesty’scommand. I haa 
answer in about an hour, that his majesty, at- 
nded by the royal family, and great officers of the 
ourt, was coming out to receive me. I advanced a 
undred yards. The emperor and his train alighted 


96 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


from their horses; the empress and ladies from their 
coaches; and I did not perceive they were in any 
fright or concern. I lay on the ground to kiss his 
majesty’s and the empress’ hand. I told his 
majesty that I was come, according to my promise, 
and with the license of the emperor my master, to 
have the honor of seeing so mighty a monarch, and 
to offer him any service in my power, consistent 
with my duty to my own prince; not mentioning a 
word of my disgrace, because I had hitherto no 
regular information of it, and might suppose myself. 
wholly ignorant of any such design ; neither could 
I reasonably conceive that the emperor would dis 


cover the secret while I was out of his power, 
wherein, however, it soon appeared I was deceived, 

Ishall not trouble the reader with the particular 
account of my reception at this court, which was 
suitable to the generosity of so great a prince; no 
of the difficulties I was in for want of a house an¢ 
bed, being forced to lie on the ground, wrapped uj 
in my coverlet. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 97 


CHAPTER VIIL 


The Author, by a lucky accident, finds means to leave 
Blefusco; and after some difficulties returns safe to his 
native Country. 


TarrE days after my arrival, walking out of 
curiosity to the northeast coast of the island, I 
observed, about half a league off in the sea, some- 
what that looked like a boat overturned. I pulled 
off my shoes and stockings, and, wading two or 
three hundred yards, I found the object to approach 
nearer by force of the tide; and then plainly saw it 
# be a real boat, which I supposed might by some 
mpest have been driven from a ship: whereupon 
{returned immediately toward the city, and desired 
iis imperial majesty to lend me twenty of the tallest 
ressels he had left, after the loss of his fleet, and 
hree thousand seamen under the command of the 
rice-admiral. This fleet sailed round, while I went 
rack the shortest way to the coast, where I first 
liscovered the boat. 1 found the tide had driven it 
till nearer. The seamen were all provided with 
ordage, which I had beforehand twisted to a suffi- 


98 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


cient strength. When the ships came up, I stripped f 
myself, and waded till 1 came within an hundred 
yards of the boat, after which I was forced to swim — 
till I got up to it. The seamen threw me the end © 
of the cord, which I fastened to a hole in the fore 
part of the boat, and the other end to a man-of-war ; 
but I found all my labor to little purpose; for,” 
being out of my depth, I was not able to work. Ing 
this necessity, I was forced to swim behind, and 
push the boat forward, as often as I could, with one 
of my hands; and the tide favoring me, I advanced § 
so far that I could just hold up my chin and feel the” 
ground. I rested two or three minutes, and then | 
gave the boat another shove, and so on, till the sea 
was no higher than my armpits, and now, the most 
laborious part being over, I took out my other 
cables, which were stowed in one of the ships, and 

fastened them first to the boat, and then to nine off 

the vessels which attended me; the wind being 

favorable, the seamen towed and I shoved, till _ 
arrived within forty yards of the shore; and waitdl 

ing till the tide was out, I got dry to the boat, and 
by the assistance of two thousand men, with ropes 
and engines,* I made a shift to turn it on ts 
bottom, and found it was but little damaged. iu 


*Such as pulleys, capstans, levers, or other mechanical 
contrivances. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 99 


{ shall not trouble the reader with the difficulties 
I was under, by the help of certain paddles, which 
cost me ten days making, to get my boat to the 
royal port of Blefuscu, where a mighty concourse of 


*¢% 
oo 2 
el So 


‘By the assistance of two thousand men I turned the boat on its bottom.” 


people appeared upon my arrival, full of wonder at 
the sight of so prodigious a vessel. I told the 


emperor that my good fortune had thrown this boat 
™ my way to carry me to some place from whence 
I might return into my native country ; and begged 
his majesty’s orders for getting materials to fit it 
up, together with his license to depart ; which, after 


N 
i 


100 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


some kind expostulations, he was pleased to grant. 


I did very much wonder, in all this time, not to 
have heard of any express* relating to me from our — 


emperor to the court of: Blefuscu. But I was after- 
ward given privately to understand that his imperial 
majesty, never imagining I had the least notice of 
his designs, believed I was only gone to Blefuscu in 


performance of my promise, according to the 


license he had given me, which was well known at 
our court, and would return in a few days, when 
that ceremony was ended. But he was at last in 
pain at my long absence; and, after consulting with 


the treasurer and the rest of that cabal, ¢ a person 
of quality was dispatched with the copy of the 


articles against me. The envoy had instructions to 
represent to the monarch of Blefuscu the great 
lenity of his master, who was content to punish me 
no further than with the loss of mine eyes; that I 
had fled from justice; and if I did not return in two 


hours I should be deprived of my title of nardac, 
and declared a traitor. The envoy further added, 
_ that, in order to maintain the peace and amity be- 


tween both empires, his master expected that his 


ne 


* Message or messenger. 


t Persons connected with a royal court who engage in some 
secret scheme or design. 


| 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 101 


brother of Blefuscu would give orders to have me 
sent back to Lilliput, bound hand and foot, to be 
punished as a traitor. 

The Emperor of Blefuscu, having taken three 
days to consult, returned an answer consisting of 
many civilities and excuses. He said that, as for 
sending me bound, his brother knew it was impos- 
sible; that, although I had deprived him of his fleet, 
yet he owed great obligations to me for many good 
offices I had done him in making the peace. Thai, 
however, both their majesties would soon be made 
easy ; for I had found a prodigious vessel on the 
‘shore, able to carry me on the sea, which he had 
‘given order to fit up, with my own assistance and 
direction ; and he hoped, in a few weeks, both em- 


pires would be freed from so insupportable an 
encumbrance. 

With this answer the envoy returned to Lilliput ; 
and the monarch of Blefuscu related to me all that 
had passed; offering me, at the same\time (but 
under the strictest confidence), his gracious protec- 
tion, if I would continue in his service: wherein, 
although I believed him sincere, yet I resolved never 
more to put any confidence in princes or ministers, 
where I could possibly avoid it; and, therefore, 
with all due acknowledgments for his favorable 
intentions, I humbly begged to be excused. I told 


102 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


him that, since fortune, whether good or evil, had 
thrown a vessel in my way, I was resolved to 
venture myself on the ocean, rather than be an occa- 
sion of difference between two such mighty mon- 
archs. Neither did I find the emperor at all dis- 
pleased ; and I discovered, by a certain accident, 
that he was very glad of my resolution, and so were 
most of his ministers. 

These considerations moved me to hasten my de- 
parture somewhat sooner than I intended; to which 
the court, impatient to have me gone, very readily 
contributed. Five hundred workmen were em-. 
ployed to make two sails to my boat, according to 
my directions, by quilting thirteen folds of their 
strongest linen together. I was at the pains of 
making ropes and cables by twisting ten, twenty or 
thirty of the thickest and strongest of theirs. A 
great stone that I happened to find, after a long 
search, by the seashore, served me for an anchor. I 
had the tallow of three hundred cows for greasing 
my boat, and other uses. I was at incredible pains: 
in cutting down some of the largest timber-trees for 
oars and masts; wherein I was, however, much 
assisted by his majesty’s ship-carpenters, who helped 
me in smoothing them after I had done the rough 
work. 

In about a month, when all was prepared, I sent 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. ° 103 


to receive his majesty’s commands, and to take my 
leave. ‘The emperor and royal family came out of the 
palace: I lay down on my face to kiss his hand, which 
he very graciously gave me: so did the empress and 
young princes of the blood. His majesty presented 
me with fifty purses of two hundred sprugs apiece, 
together with his picture at full length, which I put 
immediately into one of my gloves, te keep it from 
being hurt. The ceremonies at my departure were 
too many to trouble the reader with at this time. 

I stored the boat with the carcasses of an hundred 
oxen and three hundred sheep, with bread and drink 
proportionable, and as much meat ready dressed as 
four hundred cooks could provide. I took with me 
six cows and two bulls alive, with as many ewes and 

\rams, intending to carry them into my own country, 


and propagate the breed. And, to feed them on 
board, I had a good bundle of hay and a bag of corn. 
I would gladly have taken a dozen of the natives, 
but this was a thing which the emperor would by 
no means permit; and, besides a diligent search into 
my pockets, his majesty engaged my honor not to 
icarry away any of his subjects, although with their 
jown consent and desire. 

Having thus prepared all things as well as I was 
fable, I set sail on the 24th day of September, 
H1701, at six in the morning; and when I had 


rr 


RPS 


104 - GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


gone about four leagues to the northward, the wind 
being at southeast, at six in the evening I descried a 
small island, about half a league to the northwest. 
I advanced forward, and cast anchor on the lee-side* ; 
of the island, which seemed to be uninhabited. I 
then took some refreshment, and went to my rest. 
I slept well, and I conjecture at least six hours, for 

I found the day broke in two hours after I awaked. 
It was a clear night. I eat my breakfast before the i 
sun was up; and, heaving anchor, the wind being 
favorable, I steered the same course that I had done i 
the day before, wherein I was directed by my 


pocket-compass. My intention was to reach, if poss 
sible, one of those islands which I had reason to be- 
lieve lay to the northeast of Van Diemen’s Land.ft 
I discovered nothing all that day; but upon the 
next, about three in the afternoon, when I had, by 
my computation, made twenty-four leagues from 
Blefuscu, I descried a sail steering to the southeast ; 
my course was due east. I hailed her, but could 
get no answer; yet I found I gained upon her, for | 
the wind slackened. I made all the sail I could, 
and in half an hour she spied me, then hung out he y 


~~ 


Ss =o 


* Side sheltered from the were 

+ Australia is a short distance to the north of Tasmania or 
Van Diemen’s Land. There are no islands to the northeast 
for a long distance. | 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 105 


ancient,* and discharged a gun. It is not easy to 
express the joy I was in, upon the unexpected hope 
of once more seeing my beloved country, and the 
dear pledges I left in it. The ship slackened her 
sails, and I came up with her between five and six 
in the evening, September 26th; but my heart 
leaped within me to see her English colors. I put 
my cows and sheep into my coat-pockets, and got 
on board with all my little cargo of provisions. 
The vessel was an English merchantman, returning 
from Japan by the North and South Seas; the cap- 
‘tain, Mr. John Biddel of Deptford, a very civil man 
‘and an excellent sailor. We were now in the lati- 


‘tude of thirty degrees south; there were about fifty 
men in the ship; and here I met an old comrade of 
mine, one Peter Williams, who gave me a good char- 
acter to the captain. This gentleman treated me 
with kindness, and desired I would let him know 
what place I came from last, and whither I was 
bound; which I did in few words, but he thought I 
Was raving, and that the dangers I underwent had 
disturbed my head; whereupon I took my black 
cattle and sheep out of my pocket, which, after great 
astonishment, clearly convinced him of my veracity. 
[then showed him the gold given me by the Em- 
deror of Blefuscu, together with his majesty’s picture 


Si ee 


* Ensign or flag. 


106 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


at full length, and some other rarities of that 
country. I gave him two purses of two hundred 
sprugs each, and promised, when we arrived in Eng 
land, to make him a present of a cow and a sheep. 
T shall not trouble the reader with a particular 
account of this voyage, which was very prosperous, 
for the most part. Wearrived in the Downs on the 
18th of April, 1702. I had only one misfortune, that — 
the rats on board carried away one of my sheep; _ 
I found her bones in a hole, picked clean from the 
flesh. The rest of my cattle I got safe on shore,’ 


and set them a-grazing in a bowling-green at Green- | 
wich, where the fineness of the grass made them ~ 
feed very heartily, though I had always feared the 
contrary ; neither could I possibly have preserved — 
them in so long a voyage, if the captain had not 
allowed me some of his best biscuit, which rubbed — 
to powder, and mingled with water, was their con- — 
stant food. Theshort time I continued in England, © 
I made a considerable profit by showing my cattle 
to many persons of quality and others; and before 
I began my second voyage, I sold them for six hun- 
dred pounds. Since my last return I find the breed 
is considerably increased, especially the sheep, — 
which I hope will prove much to the advantage of 
the woollen manufacture, by the fineness of the : 
fleeces. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 102 


I stayed but two months with my wife and 
family ; for my insatiable desire of seeing foreign 
countries would suffer me to continue no longer. [I 
left fifteen hundred pounds with my wife, and fixed 
her in a good house at Redriff.* My remaining 
stock I carried with me, part in money and part in 
goods, in hopes to improve my fortunes. My 
eldest uncle John had left me an estate in land, near 
Epping, of about thirty pounds a-year; and I hada 
long lease of the Black Bull in Fetter Lane, which 
yielded me as much more; so that I was not in any 
danger of leaving my family upon the parish. My 
son Johnny, named so after his uncle, was at the 
grammar-school, and a towardly child. My daugh- 
ter Betty (who is now well married, and has chil- 
dren) was then at her needlework. I[ took leave of 
my wife and boy and girl, with tears on both sides, 
and went on board the Adventure, a merchant ship 
of three hundred tons, bound for Surat,+ Captain 
John Nicholas, of Liverpool, commander. But my 
account of this voyage must be referred to tie 
second part of my travels. 


*That is, Rotherhithe, now a part of London, on the south 
bank of the Thames. 

+ At one time the chief commercial city in India, about 160 
miles north of Bombay. 


Pet ache 


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PART IL 
A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG. 


PARTaLE 
A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG. 


CHAPTER I. 


A great Storm; the Long-boat sent to fetch water, the Author 
goes with it to discover the Country—He is left on shore, 
is seized by one of the natives, and carried to a Farmer’s 
House—His reception there, with several Accidents that 
happened there—A Description of the Inhabitants. 


Havine been condemned, by nature and fortune, 
to an active and restless life, in two months after 
my return I again left my native country, and took 

shipping in the Downs, on the 20th day of June, 
1702, in the Adventure, Captain John Nicholas, a 
—Cornishman, commander, bound for Surat. We had 
avery prosperous gale till we arrived at the Cape of 


112 GULLIVER’S TRA VHLS. 


Good Hope, where we landed for fresh water; but 
discovering a leak, we unshipped our goods and 
wintered there; for the captain falling sick of an 
ague,.we could not leave the Cape till the end of 
March. We then set sail, and had a good voyage 
till we passed the Straits of Madagascar ;* but hav- 
ing got northward of that island, and to about five 
degrees south latitude, the winds, which in those seas 
are observed to blow a constant equal gale between — 
the north and west, from the beginning of December ~ 
to the beginning of May, on the 19th of April began to — 
blow with much greater violence, and more westerly 
than usual, continuing so for twenty days together ; _ 
during which time we were driven a little to the 
east of the Molucca Islands,t and about three 
degrees northward of the line, as our captain found — 
by an observation he took the 2d of May, at which 
time the wind ceased, and it was a perfect calm, 
whereat I was not a little rejoiced. But he, being a _ 
man well experienced in the navigation of those 


seas, bid us all prepare against a storm, which 
accordingly happened the day following; for a 


* Mozambique Channel. 
+ How they could get there without encountering Sumatra, — 
Java, Borneo, Celebes, or other islands of those seas, is a 
mystery. Celebes is a little to the west of the Moluccas; the 
line (or equator) passes through this group. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. Ag 


southern wind, called the southern monsoon, * began 
to set in, and soon it was a very fierce storm. 

During this storm, which was followed by a 
strong wind west-southwest, we were carried, by mv 
computation, about five hundred leagues to the east, 
so that the oldest sailor on board could not tell ir 
what part of the world we were. Our provisions 
held out well, our ship was staunch, and our crew 
all in good health ; but we lay in the utmost distress 
for water. We thought it best to hold on the same 
course, rather than turn more northerly, which 
might have brought us to the northwest parts of 
Great Tartary,t and into the Frozen Sea. 

On the 16th day of June, 1703, a boy on the top- 
mast discovered land.t On the 17th we came in 
full view of a great island, or continent (for we knew 
not whether), on the south side whereof was a small 
neck of land jutting out into the sea, and a creek 
too shallow to hold a ship of above one hundred 
tons. We cast anchor within a league of this creek, 
and our captain sent a dozen of his men well armed 


* The moonsoons are winds of the indian Ocean and Eastern 
‘seas that blow in the same direction for half the year and in 
‘the opposite direction the other half. 


 t Mongolia, Manchuria, ete. 


{ What and where this land was is explained afterward. 


114 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


in the long-boat, with vessels for water, if any could 
be found. I desired his leave to go with them, that 
I might see the country, and make what discoveries 
I could. When we came to land we saw no river 
or spring, nor any sign of inhabitants. Our men 
therefore wandered on the shore to find out some 
fresh water near the sea, and I walked alone about 
a mile on the other side, where I observed the 
country all barren and rocky. I now began to be 
weary, and, seeing nothing to entertain my curios- 
ity, I returned gently down toward the creek ; and 
the sea being full in my view, I saw our men already 
got into the boat, and rowing for life to the ship. 
I was going to halloo after them, although it had 
been to little purpose, when I observed a huge 
creature walking after them in the sea, as fast as 
he could; he waded not much deeper than his knees, 
and took prodigious strides; but our men had got 
the start of him half a league, and the sea: there- 
abouts being full of sharp pointed rocks, the 
monster was not able to overtake the boat. This I 
was afterward told, for I durst not stay to see the 
issue of that adventure; but ran as fast as I could 
the way I first went, and then climbed up a steep 
hill, which gave me some prospect of the country. 
I found it fully cultivated; but that which first sur- 


prised me was the length of the grass, which in — 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 115 


those grounds that seemed to be kept for hay was 
above twenty foot high. 

I fell into a highroad, for so I took it to be, 
though it served to the inhabitants only as a foot- 
path through a field of barley. Here I walked on 
for some time, but could see little on either side, it 
being now near harvest, and the corn rising at least 
forty foot. I was an hour walking to the end of 
this field, which was fenced in with a hedge of at 
least one hundred and twenty foot high, and the 
trees so lofty that I could make no computation of 
their altitude. There was a stile to pass from this 
field into the next. It had four steps, and a stone 
to cross over when you came to the uppermost. It 
was impossible for me to climb this stile, because 
every step was six foot high, and the upper stone 
above twenty. I was endeavoring to find some gap 
in the hedge, when I discovered one of the inhabit- 
ants in the next field, advancing toward the stile, of 
the same size with him whom I saw in the sea 
pursuing our boat. He appeared as tall as an 
ordinary spire steeple, and took about ten. yards at 
every stride, as near as] could guess. I was struck 
with the utmost fear and astonishment, and ran to 
hide myself in the corn, from whence I saw him at the 
top of the stile, looking back into the next field on 
the right hand, and heard him call in a voice many 


\16 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


degrees louder than a speaking-trumpet ; but the 
noise was so high in the air that at first I certainly 
thought it was thunder. Whereupon seven mon- 
sters, like himself,* came toward him with reaping 
hooks in their hands, each hook about the largeness 
of six scythes. These people were not so well clad 
as the first, whose servants or laborers they seemed 
to be; for, upon some words he spoke, they went to 
reap the corn in the field where I lay. I kept from 
them at as great a distance as I could, but was 
forced to move with extreme difficulty, for the 
stalks of the corn were sometimes not above a foot 
distant, so that I could hardly squeeze my body be- 
twixt them. However, I madea shift to go forward 
till I came to a part of the field where the corn had 
been laid by the rain and wind. Here it was im- 
possible for me to advance a step; for the stalks 
were so interwoven that I could not creep through, 
and the beards of the fallen ears so strong and 
pointed that they pierced through my clothes into 
my flesh. At the same time I heard the reapers 
not above an hundred yards behind me. Being quite 
dispirited with toil, and wholly overcome by grief 


—_—$—$— $$ 


*The Brobdingnagians are represented to be about as much 
larger than ordinary human beings as the Lilliputians are 
smaller (about twelve times), all their belongings being of a 
corresponding magnitude. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 117 


and despair, I lay down between two ridges, and 
heartily wished I might there end my days. I be 
moaned my desolate widow and fatherless children. 
I lamented my own folly and willfulness in attempt- 
ing a second voyage, against the advice of all my 
friends and relations. In this terrible agitation of 
mind I could not forbear thinking of Lilliput, 
whose inhabitants looked upon me as the greatest 
prodigy that ever appeared in the world; where I 
was able to draw an imperial fleet in my hand, and 
perform those other actions which will be recorded 
forever in the chronicles of that empire, while 
posterity shall hardly believe them, although 
attested by millions. I reflected what a mortifi- 
cation it must prove to me to appear as inconsider- 
_ able in this nation as one single Lilliputian would be 
among us. But this I conceived was to be the least 
of my misfortunes; for, as human creatures are 
observed to be more savage and cruel in proportion 
to their bulk, what could I expect but to be a 
morsel in the mouth of the first among these 
enormous barbarians that should happen to seize 
me? Undoubtedly philosophers are in the right 
when they tell us that nothing is great or little 
otherwise than by comparison. It might have 
pleased fortune to let the Lilliputians find some 
nation, where the people were as diminutive witb 


118 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


respect to them as they were to me. And who. 
knows but that even this prodigious race of mortals 
might be equally overmatched in some distant part 
of the world, whereof we have yet no discovery. 
Scared and confounded as I was, I could not for- 
bear going on with these reflections, when one of 
the reapers, approaching within ten yards of the 
ridge where I lay, made me apprehend that with 
the next step I should be squashed to death under 
his foot, or cut in two with his reaping-hook. And 
therefore when he was again about to move, I 
screamed as loud as fear could make me; whereupon 
the huge creature trod short, and, looking round 
about under him for some time, at last espied me as 
I lay on the ground. He considered awhile, with 
the caution of one who endeavors to lay hold on a 
small dangerous animal in such a manner that it 
may not be able either to scratch or to bite him, as 
I myself have sometimes done with a weasel in 
England. At length he ventured to take me up be- 
hind, by the middle, between his forefinger and 
thumb, and brought me within three yards of his 
eyes, that he might behold my shape more perfectly. 
I guessed his meaning, and my good fortune gave 
me so much presence of mind that I resolved not. 
to struggle in the least as he held me in the air 
above sixty foot from the ground, although he 


GULLIIVER’S TRAVELS. ‘119 


- grievously pinched my sides, for fear I should slip 
> through his fingers. All I ventured was to raise 
mine eyes toward the sun, and place my hands to- 
gether ia a supplicating posture, and to speak some 
words in an humble, melancholy tone, suitable to 
the condition I then was in; for I apprehended 
every moment that he would dash me against the 
ground, as we usually do any little hateful animal 
which we have a mind to destroy. But my good 
star would have it that he appeared pleased with 
my voice and gestures, and began to look upon me 
as a curiosity, much wondering to hear me pro- 
nounce articulate words, although he could not 
understand them. In the meantime I was not able 
to forbear groaning and shedding tears, and turning 
my head toward my sides; letting him know as well 
as I could how cruelly I was hurt by the pressure 
of his thumb and finger. He seemed to apprehend 
my meaning; for, lifting up the lappet* of his coat, 
he put me gently into it, and immediately ran along 
with me to his master, who wasa substantial farmer, 
and the same person [ had first seen in the field. 
The farmer having (as I supposed by their talk) 
received such an account of me as his servant could 


* Here and also below this word seems to be used as equiva- 
lent to skirt. 


120 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


give him, took a piece of a small straw, about the 
size of a walking-staff, and therewith lifted up the 


“T pulled off my hat, and made a low bow toward the farmer.” 


lappets of my coat; which, it seems, he thought to 
be some kind of covering that nature had given me, | | 


He blew my hairs aside to take a better view of my 


GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 121 


face. He called his hinds about him, and asked 
them, as I afterward learned, whether they had ever 
seen in the fields any little creature tuat resembled 
me? He then placed me softly on the ground upon 
all four, but I got immediately up, and walked 
slowly backward and forward, to let those people 
see [ had no intent torun away. They all sate 
down in a circle about me, the better to observe my 
motions. | pulled off my hat, and made a low bow 
toward the farmer. I fell on my knees, and lifted 
up my hands and eyes, and spoke several words as 
Joud as I could; I took a purse of gold out of my 
pocket, and humbly presented it to him. He re- 
ceived it on the palm of his hand, then applied it 
close to his eye to see what it was, and afterward 
turned it several times with the point of a pin 
(which he took out of his sleeve), but could make 
nothing of it. Whereupon I made a sign that he 
should place his hand on the ground. I then took 
the purse, and opening it, poured all the gold into 
his palm. There were six Spanish pieces of four 
nistoles* each, besides twenty or thirty smaller 
soins. I saw him wet the tip of his little finger 
ipon his tongue, and take up one of my largest 
dieces, and then another; but he seemed to be 
wholly ignorant what they were. He made me a 


ee ee ee 


* A pistole is equivalent to about 16s. sterling. 


122 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


ee ees 


sign to put them again into my purse, and the purse 
again into my pocket, which, after offering to him 
several times, I thought it best to do.’ ) 

The farmer, by this time, was convinced I a 
be a rational creature. He spoke often to me; but 
the sound of his voice pierced my ears like that of a 
water-mill, yet his words were articulate enough, 
I answered as loud as I could in several languages, 
and he often laid his ear within two yards of me 
but all in vain, for we were wholly unintelligible to 
each other. He then sent his servants to their 
work, and taking his handkerchief out of his pocket, 
he doubled, and spread it on his left hand, which 
he placed flat on the ground, with the palm upwar d, 


making me a sign to step into it, as I could easily 
do, for it was not above a foot in thickness. I 
thought it my part to obey ; and for fear of falling 
laid myself at full length upon the handkerchief, 
with the remainder of which he lapped me up 
the head for further security, and in this manner 
carried me home to his house. There he called his 


ran back, as women in England do at the sight of a 
toad or a spider. However, when she had awhile 
seen my behavior, and how well I observed the 
signs her husband made, she was soon reconciled, 
and by degrees grew extremely tender of me. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS: | 123 


It was about twelve at noon, and a_ servant. 
srought in dinner. It was only one substantial dish - 
#f meat (fit for the plain condition of an husband- . 
nan), in a dish of about twenty-four foot diameter. 
he company were, the farmer and his wife, three. 
hildren, and an old grandmother. When they 
vere sat down, the farmer placed me at some dis 
ance from him on the table, which was thirty foot 
igh from the floor. I was in a terrible fright, and 
ept as far as I could from the edge, for fear of 
alling. The wife minced a bit of meat, then 
rumbled some bread on a trencher, and placed it 


efore me. I made her a low bow, took out my 
nife and fork, and fell to eat, which gave them ex- 
zeding delight. The mistress sent her maid for a 
all dram-cup, which held about two gallons, and 
ed it with drink; I took up the vessel with much 
ifficulty in both hands, and in a most respectful 
ianner drank to her ladyship’s health, expressing 
te words as loud as I could in English, which 
lade the company laugh so heartily, that I was 
most deafened with the noise. This liquor tasted 
se a small cider, and was not unpleasant. Then 
‘e master made me a sign to come to his trencher 
de; butas I walked on the table, being in great 
rprise all the time, as the indulgent reader will 
Sily conceive and excuse, I happened to stumble 


124 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


against a crust, and fell flat on my face, but received | 
no hurt. I got up immediately, and observing the 
good people to be in much concern, I took my hat. 
(which I held under my arm out of good manners), 
and waving it over my head, made three huzzas, to 
show I had got no mischief by my fall. But 
advancing forward toward my master (as 1 shall 
henceforth call him), his youngest son, who sate’ 
next him, an arch boy of about ten years old, took. 
me up by the legs, and held me so high in the air 
that I trembled every limb; but his father snatched 
me from him, and at the same time gave him such 
box on the left ear as would have felled an Euro- 
pean troop of horse to the earth, ordering him to be 
taken from the table. But, being afraid the boy 
nught Owe me a spite, and well remembering how 
mischievous all children among us naturally are to 
sparrows, rabbits, young kittens, and puppy-dogs, I 
fell on my knees, and, pointing to the boy, made my | 
master to understand, as well as I could, that 
desired his son might be pardoned. The father 
complied, and the lad took his seat again, whereupon | 
I went to him, and kissed his hand, which my master 
took, and made him stroke me gently with it. | 

In the midst of dinner my mistress’ favorite cat 
leaped into her lap. I heard a noise behind me like 
that of a dozen stocking-weavers at work; and turn 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 125 


ing my head I found it proceeded from the purring 
of this animal, who seemed to be three times larger 
than an ox, as I computed by the view of her head 
and one of her paws, while her mistress was feeding 
and stroking her. The fierceness of this creature’s 
countenance altogether discomposed me though I 
stood at the further end of the table, above fifty 
foot off; and although my mistress held her fast, 
for fear she might give a spring, and seize me in 
her talons. But it happened there was no danger; 
for the cat took not the least notice of me when my 
master placed me within three yards of her. And, 
as I have been always told, and found true by ex- 
perience in my travels, that flying or discovering* 
fear before a fierce animal is a certain way to make 
it pursue or attack you,so I resolved, in this 
Jangerous juncture, to show no manner of concern. 
{ walked with intrepidity five or six times before 
she very head of the cat, and came within half a 
yard of her; whereupon she drew herself back, as 
f she were more afraid of me. I had less appre- 
fension concerning the dogs, whereof three or four 


same into the room as it is usual in farmers’ houses ; 
ye of which was a mastiff, equal in bulk to four 
slephants, and a greyhound, somewhat taller than 
she mastiff, but not so large. 


* Showing; Ictting it be seen. 


126 ' GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


When dinner was almost done the nurse came i 
with a child of a year old in her arms, who immed: 
ately spied me, and began a squall that you migh 
have heard from London Bridge to Chelsea, afte 
the usual oratory of infants, to get me for a play 
thing. The mother, out of pure indulgence, tool 
‘me up, and put me toward the child, who presenth: 
seized me by the middle, and got my head in hi 
mouth, where [ roared so loud that the urchin wa 
frighted, and let me drop, and I should infallibl 
have broke my neck, if the mother had not held he 
apron under me. The nurse, to quiet her babe 
made use of a rattle, which was a kind of holloy 
vessel filled with great stones, and fastened by : 
cable to the child’s waist; but all in vain, so tha 
she was forced to apply the last remedy by giving 
it suck. I must confess no object, ever disgusted m 
so much as the sight of her monstrous breast, whiel 
I cannot tell what to compare with, so as to give th 
curious reader an idea of its bulk, shape, and colo1 

This made me reflect upon the fair skins of ow 
English ladies, who appear so beautiful to us, onl: 
because they are of our own size, and their defect 
not to be seen but through a magnifying glass 
where we find by experiment that the smoothes 
and whitest skins look rough, and coarse, and ill 
colored. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 199 


_ I remember when I was at Lilliput the com- 
plexions of those diminutive people appeared to me 
the fairest in the world; and talking upon this sub- 
ject with a person of learning there, who was an in- 
timate friend of mine, he said that my face appeared 
much-fairer and smoother when he looked on me from 
the ground tlian it did upon a nearer view, when I 
took him up in my hand, and brought him close, 


which he confessed was at first a very shocking 
ight. He said he could discover great holes in my 


skin; that the stumps of my beard were ten times 
stronger than the bristles of a boar, and my com- 
plexion made up of several colors altogether dis- 
agreeable : although I must beg leave to say for 
myself: that I am as fair as most of my sex and 
country, and very little sunburnt by all my 
travels. 

On the other side, discoursing of the ladies in that 
emperor’s court, he used to tell me one had freckles, 
another too wide a mouth, a third too large a nose; 
nothing of which I was able to distinguish. I con- 
fess this reflection was obvious enough ; which, how- 
ever, I could not forbear, lest the reader might think 
those vast creatures were actually deformed: for I 
must do them the justice to say they are a comely 
race of people; and particularly the features of my 
master’s countenance, although he were but a 


| 
| 


128 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


farmer, when I beheld him from the height of sixty 
foot, appeared very well-proportioned. 

When dinner was done my master went out to his 
laborers, and, as I could discover by his voice and 
gesture, gave his wife a strict charge to take care of 
me. I was very much tired, and disposed to sleep, 
which my mistress perceiving she put me on her 
own bed, and covered me with a clean white hand- 
kerchief, but larger and coarser than the mainsail of 
a man-of-war. | 

I slept about two hours, and dreamed I was at 
home with my wife and children, which aggravated 
my sorrows when I awaked and found myself alone 
in a vast room, between two and three hundred foot 
wide, and above two hundred high, lying in .a bed 
twenty yards wide. My mistress was gone about her 
household affairs, and had locked mein. The bed was 
eight yards from the floor. I wished to get down, but 
durst not presume to call; and if I had it would 
have been in vain, with such a voice as mine, at so 
great a distance as from the room where I lay to the 
kitchen where the family kept. While I was under 
these circumstances two rats crept up the curtains, 
and ran smelling backward and forward on the bed. 
One of them came up almost to my face, whereupon 
Troseina areas and oy out my nAneeN to o,delenms | 


* A kind of short, broad sword ee carried. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS 129 


myself. These horrible animals had the boldness to 
attack me on both sides, and one of them held his 
forefeet at my collar; but I had the good fortune to 
rip up his belly before he could do me any mischief. 
He fell down at my feet; and the other, seeing the 


“The other made his escape.” 


fate of his comrade, made his escape, but not with- 
aut one good wound on the back, which I gave him 
as he fled, and made the blood run trickling from 
1m, After this exploit I walked gently to and fro 
mn the bed, to recover my breath and loss of spirits. 
[hese creatures were of the size of a large mastiff, 
jut infinitely more nimble and fierce; so that, if I 
vad taken off my belt before I went to sleep, I must 


130 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


have infallibly been torn to pieces and devoured. I 
measured the tail of the dead rat, and found it to be 
two yards long, wanting an inch; but it went 
against my stomach to drag the carcass off the bed, 
where it lay still bleeding; I observed it had yet 
some life, but with a strong slash across the neck I 
thoroughly despatched it. 

Soon after my mistress came into the room, who, 
seeing me all bloody, ran and took me up in her 
hand. I pointed to the dead rat, smiling, and mak- 
ing other signs to show I was not hurt ; whereat 
she was extremely rejoiced, calling the maid to, take 
up the dead rat with a pair of tongs, and throw it 
out of the window. Then she set me ona table, 
where I showed her my hanger all bloody, anc 
wiping it on the lappet of my coat, returned it to 
the scabbard. 

I hope the gentle reader will excuse me for dwell- 
ing on these and the like particulars, which, how- 
ever insignificant they may appear to eroveling 
vulgar minds, yet will certainly help a philosopher 
to enlarge his thoughts and imagination, and apply 
them to the benefit of public as well as private life, 
which was my sole design in presenting this and 
other accounts of my travels to the world; wherein 
I have been chiefly studious of truth, without 
affecting any ornaments of learning or of style. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 131 


But the whole scene of this voyage made so strong 
in impression on my mind, and is so deeply fixed in 
ny memory, that, in committing it to paper, I did 
1ot omit one material circumstance: however, upon 
istrict review, I blotted out several passages of less 
noment, which were in my first copy, for fear of be- 
ng censured as tedious and trifling, whereof travelers 
ire often, perhaps not without justice, accused. 


132 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER II. 


A Description of the Farmer’s Daughter—The Author carried _ 
to a Market-town, and then to the Metropolis—The Par- 
ticulars of his Journey. | 


My mistress had a daughter of nine years old, a 
child of towardly parts for her age, very dexterous’ 
at her needle, and skillful in dressing her baby.* — 
Her mother and she contrived to fit up the baby’s | 
cradle for me against night ; the cradle was put into — 
a small drawer of a cabinet, and the drawer placed 
upon a hanging shelf for fear of the rats. This was 
my bed all the time I stayed with those people, | 
though made more convenient by degrees, as I | 
began to learn their language, and make my wants 
known. This young girl was so handy that, after 
I had once or twice pulled off my clothes before — 
her, she was able to dress and undress me, though I 
never gave her that trouble when she would let me ~ 
do either myself. She made me ‘seven shirts and 
some other linen, of as fine cloth as could be got, — 
which indeed was coarser than sackcloth; and 


* That is, her doll (an old use of the word). 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 133 


these she constantly washed for me with her own 
hands. She was likewise my schoolmistress, to 
teach me the language; when I pointed to anything 
she told me the name of it in her own tongue, so 
that ina few days I was able to call for whatever 
I hada mind to. She was very good-natured, and 
not above forty foot high, being little for her age. 
She gave me the name of Grildrig, which the family 
took up, and afterward the whole kingdom. The 
word imports what the Latins call nanunculus, the 
Italians homunceletino, and the English mannikin. 
To her I chiefly owe my preservation in that 
country ; we never parted while I was there; I 
called her my Glumdalclitch, or little nurse, and I 
should be guilty of great ingratitude if I omitted 
this honorable mention of her care and affection to- 
ward me, which I heartily wish it lay in my power 
to requite as she deserves, mstead of being the in- 
nocent, but unhappy, instrument of her disgrace, as 
I have too much reason to fear. 

It now began to be known and talked of in the 
neighborhood that my master had found a strange 
animal in the field, about the bigness of a splacnuck, 
but exactly shaped in every part like a human 
creature; which it likewise imitated in all its 
actions ; seemed to speak in a little language of its 
own, had already learned several words of theirs, went 


134 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


erect upon two legs, was tame and gentle, would 
come when it was called, do whatever it was bid, 
had the finest limbs in the world, and a complexion 
fairer than a nobleman’s daughter of three years 
old. Another farmer, who lived hard by, and was 
a particular friend of my master, came on a visit on 
purpose to inquire into the truth of this story. I 
was immediately produced, and placed upon a table, 
where I walked as I was commanded, drew my 
hanger, put it up again, made my reverence to my 
master’s guest, asked him in his own language how 
he did, and told him he was welcome, just as my 
little nurse had instructed me. This man, who was 
old and dim-sighted, put on his spectacles to behold 
me better, at which I could not forbear laughing 
very heartily, for his eyes appeared like the full 
moon shining into a chamber at two windows. Our 
people who discovered the cause of my mirth, bore 
me company in laughing, at which the old fellow 
was fool enough to be angry and out of counte- 
nance. He had the character of a great miser ; and, 
to my misfortune, he well deserved it, by the 
cursed advice he gave my master, to show me as 
a sight upon a market-day in the next town, 
which was half an hour’s riding, about twenty- 
two miles from our house. I guessed there was 
some mischief contriving, when I observed my 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 135 


master and his friend whispering long together, 
sometimes pointing at me; and my fears made me 
fancy that I overheard and understood some of their 
words. But the next morning Glumdalclitch, my 
little nurse, told me the whole matter, which she 
had cunningly picked out from her mother. The 
poor girl laid me on her bosom, and fell a weeping 
with shame and grief. She apprehended some mis- 
chief would happen to me from rude, vulgar folks, 
who might squeeze me to death, or break one of my 
limbs by taking me in their hands. She had also 
observed how modest I was in my nature, how 
nicely I regarded my honor, and what an indignity 
Ishould conceive it to be exposed for money as a 
public spectacle to the meanest of the people. She 
said her papa and mamma had promised that Gril- 
drig should be hers; but now she found they meant 
to serve her as they did last year, when they pre- 
tended to give her a lamb, and yet, as soon as it was 
fat, sold it toa butcher. For my own part, I may 
truly affirm, that I was less concerned than my 


‘nurse. I had a strong hope, which never left me, 


that I should one day recover my liberty; and as 
_to the ignominy of being carried about for a mon- 
ster, I considered myself to be a perfect stranger in 


the country, and that such a misfortune could never 
be charged upon me as a reproach, if ever I should 


136 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


return to England; since the king of Great Britain 
himself, in my condition, must have undergone the 
same distress. 

My master, pursuant to the advice of his friend, 
carried me in a box the next market-day to the 
neighboring town, and took along with him his little 
daughter, my nurse, upon a pillion* behind him. 
The box was close on every side, with a little door 
for me to go in and out, and a few gimiet holes to 
let in air. The girl had been so careful as to put 
the quilt of her baby’s bed into it, for me to lie 
down on. However, I was terribly shaken and dis- 
composed in this journey, though it were but of half 
an hour: for the horse went about forty foot at 
_ every step, and trotted so high that the agitation 
was equal to the rising and falling of a ship in a 
great storm, but much more frequent. Our journey 
was somewhat further than from London to St. 
Alban’s. My master alighted at an inn which he 
used to frequent; and after consulting awhile with 
the inn-keeper, and making some necessary prepara- 
tions, he hired the grultrud, or crier, to give notice 
through the town of a strange creature to be seen 
av the sign of the Green Eagle, not so big as a 
splacnuck (an animal in that country, very finely 


* A cushion for a woman to ride behind a man on horseback 


GULLIVBR’S TRAVELS. 137 


4 


shaped, avout six foot long), and in every part of 
the body resembling a human creature; could speak 
several words, and perform an hundred diverting 
tricks. 

I was placed upon a table in the largest room of 
the inn, which might be near three hundred foot 
square. My little nurse stood on a low stool close 
to the table, to take care of me, and direct what I 
should do. My master, to avoid a crowd, would 
suffer only thirty people at a time to see me. I 
walked about the table as the girl commanded : she 
asked me questions, as far as she knew my under. 
standing of the language reached, and I answered 
them as loud as I could. I turned about several 
times to the company, paid my humble respects, 
said they were welcome, and used some cther speeches 
I had been taught. I took up a thimble filled with 
liquor, which Glumdalclitch had given me fora cup, 
and drank their health. I drew out my hanger, 
and flourished with it after the manner of fencers 
in England. My nurse gave me part of a straw, 
which I exercised as a pike,* having learned the 
art in my youth. I was that day shown to twelve 
sets of company, and as oiten forced to act over 


* A military weapon formerly used with along wooden shaft 
and a steel head. 


138 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


again the same fopperies,* till I was half-dead with 
weariness and vexation: for those who had seen me 
made such wonderful reports that the people were 
ready to break down the doors to come in. My 
master, for his own interest, would not suffer any 
one to touch me except my nurse: and to prevent 
danger, benches were set round the table, at such a 
distance as put me out of everybody’s reach. How- 
ever, an unluckyt schoolboy aimed a hazelnut 
directly at my head, which very narrowly missed 
me; otherwise it came with so much violence that 
it would have infallibly knocked out my brains, for 
it was almost as large as a small pumpion,t but I 
had the satisfaction to see the young rogue well 
beaten and turned out of the room. 

My master gave public notice that he would show 
me again the next market-day ; and in the meantime 
he prepared a more convenient vehicle for me, which 
he had reason enough to do; for I was so tired with 


rr re errr er ee 


* Foolish tricks; a meaning in which the word is used by our 
older writers. 


+ Mischievous: an obsolete meaning of the word. 


{A pumpkin or gourd, a fruit allied to the melon and 
cucumber, which sometimes grows to an enormous size, 
weighing 60 or 70 lbs 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 139 


my first journey, and with entertaining company 
for eight hours together, that I could hardly stand 
upon my legs, or speak a word. It was at least 
three days before I recovered my strength; and 
that I might have no rest at home all the neighbor- 
ing gentlemen from an hundred miles around, hear- 
ing of my fame, came to see me at my master’s own 
house. There could not be fewer than thirty per- 
sons, with their wives and children (for the country 
was very populous); and my master demanded the 


rate of a full room whenever he showed me at 
home, although it were only to a single family : so 
‘that for some time I had but little ease every day of 
the week (except Wednesday, which is their Sab- 
_bath), although I were not carried to the town. 


My master, finding how profitable I was like to 


be, resolved to carry me to the most considerable 


cities of the kingdom. Having therefore provided 


' 


himself with ali things necessary for a long journey, 
-and settled his affairs at home, he took leave of his 
wife, and upon the 17th of August, 1703, about two 


months after my arrival, we set out for the metrop- 
olis, situated near the middle of that empire, and 


‘about three thousand miles distance from our house. 


My master made his daughter Glumdalclitch ride 


‘behind him. She carried me on her lap, in a box 
| tied about her waist. The girl had lined it on all 


140 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


sides with the softest cloth she could get, well 
quilted underneath, furnished it with her baby’s 
bed, provided me with linen and other necessaries, 
and made everything as convenient as she could. 
We had no other company but a boy of the house, 
who rode after us with the luggage. 

My master’s design was to show me in all the 
towns by the way, and to step out of the road for 
fifty or an hundred miles, to any village or person 
of quality’s house, where he might expect custom. 
We made easy journeys, of not above seven or eight 
score miles a day: for Glumdalclitch, on purpose to 
spare me, complained she was tired with the trot- 
ting of the horse. She often took me out of my 
box, at my own desire, to give me air, and show me 
the country, but always held me-fast, by a leading 
string. We passed over five or six rivers, many 
degrees broader and deeper than the Nile or the 
Ganges; and there was hardly a rivulet so small as 
the Thames at London Bridge. We were ten weeks. 
in our journey, and I was shown in eighteen large 
towns, besides many villages and private families. 

On the 26th of October we arrived at the metrop- 
olis, called in their language Lorbrulgrud, or Pride 
of the Universe. My master took a lodging in the 
principal street of the city, not far from the royal 
palace, and put out bills in the usual form, contain- 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 141 


ing an exact description of my person and parts.* 
He hired a large room between three and four 
hundred fuot wide. He provided a table sixty foot 
in diameter, upon which I was to act my part, and 
pallisadoed it round three foot from the edge, and as 
many high, to prevent my falling over. I was shown 
ten times a day, to the wonder and satisfaction of 
all people. I could now speak the language tolerably 
well, and perfectly understood every word that was 
‘spoken to me. Besides, I had learned their alpha- 
bet, and could make a shift to explain a sentence 
here and there; for Glumdalclitch had been my in- 
structor while we were at home, and at leisure 
hours during our journey. She carried a little book 
‘in her pocket, not much larger than a Sanson’s 
Atlas ;+ it was a common treatise for the use of 
young girls, giving a short account of their religion ; 
out of this she taught me my letters, and interpreted 
‘the words. 


-* Accomplishments. 
+ A very large atlas formerly in use, by a French geographer. 


142 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER III. 


The Author is sent for to Court—The Queen buys him of his | 
master, the Farmer, and presents him to the King— He , 
disputes with his Majesty’s great Scholars—An Apartment 
at Court provided for the Author—He is in high favor 
with the Queen—He stands up for the honor of his own | 
Country—He quarrels with the Queen’s Dwarf. 


Tue frequent labors I underwent every day made 
in a few weeks a very considerable change in my | 
health ; the more my master got by me the more 
insatiable he grew. I had quite lost my stomach, 
and was almost reduced to a skeleton. The farmer 
observed it, and, concluding that I soon must die, | 
resolved to make as good a hand of me* as he could. 
While he was thus reasoning and resolving with. 
himself, a slardral, or gentleman-usher, came from 
court, commanding my master to carry me immedi- 
ately thither for the diversion of the queen and her. 
ladies. Some of the latter had already been to see. 
me, and reported strange things of my beauty, be- 
havior, and good sense. Her majesty, and those 


* Make as much money out of me. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 143 


who attended her, were beyond measure delighted 
with my demeanor. I fell on my knees, and begged 
the honor of kissing her imperial foot; but this 
gracious princess held out her little finger toward 
me after I was set on a table, which I embraced in 
both my arms, and put the tip of it with the utmost 
respect to my lips. She made me some general 
questions about my country and my travels, which 
I answered as distinctly, and in. as few words as I 
could. She asked, Whether I would be content to 
live at court? I bowed down to the board of the 
table, and humbly answered, That I was my mas- 
ter’s slave; but if I were at my own disposal I 
should be proud to devote my life to her majesty’s 
service. She then asked my master, Whether he 
‘were willing to sell me at a good price? He, who 
apprehended I could not live a month, was ready 
enough to part with me, and demanded a thousand 
‘pieces of gold, which were ordered him on the spot, 
each piece being about the bigness of eight hundred 
moidores,* but, allowing for the proportion of all 
things between that country and Europe, and the 
high price of gold among them, was hardly so great 
asum as a thousand guineas would be in England. 
I then said to the queen, Since I was now her 


* A moidore was equivalent to about £1 7s. 


144 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


majesty’s most humble creature and vassal, I must 
beg the favor that Glumdalclitch, who had always 
tended me with so much care and kindness, and 
understood to do it so well, might be admitted into 
her service, and continue to be my nurse and 
instructor. 

Her majesty agreed to my petition, and easily 
got the farmer’s consent, who was glad enough to 
have his daughter preferred at court, and the poor 
girl herself was not able to hide her joy. My late 
master withdrew, bidding me farewell, and saying 
he had left me in a good service: to which I replied 
not a word, only making him a slight bow. 

The queen observed my coldness, and when the 
farmer was gone out of the apartment, asked me 
the reason. I made bold to tell her majesty that I 
owed no other obligation to my late master than 
his not dashing out the brains of a poor harmless 
creature found by chance in his field; which obli- 
gation was amply recompensed by the gain he had 
made in showing me through half the kingdom, and: 
the price he had now sold me for; that the life I 
had since led was laborious enough to kill an animal 
of ten times my strength; that my health was much: 
impaired by the continual drudgery of entertaining 
the rabble every hour of the day; and that if my 
master had not thought my life in danger, her 


— = 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 145 


majesty would not have got so cheap a bargain. 
But as I was out of all fear of being ill-treated, 
under the protection of so great and good an 
empress, the ornament of nature, the darling of the 
world, the delight of her subjects, the phoenix of 
the creation; so, 1 hoped my late master’s appre- 
hensions would appear to be groundless; for I 
already found my spirits to revive by the influence 
of her most august presence. 

This was the sum of my speech, delivered with 
great improprieties and hesitation. The latter part 
was altogether framed in the style peculiar to that 
people, whereof I learned some phrases from Glum- 
dalclitch while she was carrying me to court. 

The queen, giving great allowance for my defec 
tiveness in speaking, was, however, surprised at so 
much wit and good sense in so diminutive an animal. 
She took me in her own hands, and carried me to 
‘the king, who was then retired to his cabinet.* 
_SIlis majesty, a prince of much gravity and austere 
countenance, not well observing my shape at first 
‘view, asked the queen, after a cold manner, how 
long it was since she grew fond of a splacnuck ? for 
such, it seems, he took me to be, as I lay upon my 
\breast in her majesty’s right hand. But this 


—_—_—_ 


“ A private room for writing in, ete. 


146 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


princess, who hath an infinite deal of wit and humor, 
set me gently on my feet upon the scrutoire,* and 
commanded me to give his majesty an account of 
myself, which I did in a very few words; and 
Glumdalclitch, who attended at the cabinet door, 
and could not endure I should be out of her sight, 
being admitted, confirmed all that had passed from 
my arrival at her father’s house. 

The king, although he be as learned a person as 
any in his dominions, had been educated in the 
study of philosophy, and particularly mathematics ; 
yet, when he observed my shape exactly, and saw 
me walk erect, before I began to speak, conceived I 
might bea piece of clock-work (which is in that 
country arrived to a very great perfection), con- 
trived by some ingenious artist. But when he 
heard my voice, and found what I delivered to be 
regular and rational, he could not conceal his as- 
tonishment. He was by no means satisfied with 
the relation I gave him of the manner I came into 
his kingdom, but thought it a story concerted be- 
tween Glumdalclitch and her father, who had taught 
me a set of words, to make me sell at a higher price. 
Upon this imagination, he put several other ques- 
tions to me, and still received rational answers, no 


* A writing desk. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. (149 


otherwise defective than by a foreign accent, and 
an imperfect knowledge in the language, with some 
rustic phrases which I had learned at the farmer’s 
house, and did not suit the polite style of a court. 
His majesty sent for three great scholars, who 


_were then in their weekly waiting,* according to 


the custom in that country. These gentlemen, after 


they had awhile examined my shape with much 


nicety, were of different opinions concerning me. 
They all agreed that I could not be produced ac- 
cording to the regular laws of nature, because I was 
not framed with a capacity of preserving my life, 
either by swiftness, or climbing of trees, or digging 
holes in the earth. They observed by my teeth, 


which they viewed with great exactness, that I was 


) 


-acarnivorous animal; yet, most quadrupeds being 
an overmatch for me, and field-mice, with some 
others, too nimble, they could not imagine how I 


should be able to support myself, unless I fed upon 
snails and other insects, which they offered, by many 
learned arguments, to evince that I could not 
possibly do. One of these virtuosit seemed to think 
that I might be an embryo, or abortive birth. But 
this opinion was rejected by the other two, who 


* Attendance on the king. 


t Men skilled in curiosities, artistic works, ete. 


148 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


observed my limbs to be perfect and finished ; and 
that [ had lived severa! years, as it was manifest 
from my beard, ths stumps whereof they plainly 
discovered through a magnifying glass. They would 
not allow me to be a dwarf, because my littleness 
_was beyond all degrees of comparison; for the 
queen’s favurite dwarf, the smallest ever known in 
that kingdom, was near thirty foot high. After 
much debate, they concluded, unanimously, that [ 
was only relplum scaleath, which is interpreted 
literally dusus nature; * a determination exactly 
agreeable to the modern philosophy of Europe, 
whose professors, disdaining the old evasion of 
occult causes, whereby the followers of Aristotle 
endeavor in vain to disguise their ignorance, have 
invented this wonderful solution of all difficulties, 
to the unspeakable advancement of human knowl- 
edge. 

After this decisive conclusion, I entreated to be 
heard a word or two. I applied myself to the king, 
and assured his majesty that I came from a coun- 
try which abounded with several millions of both 
sexes, and of my own stature; where the animals, 
trees, and houses were all in proportion, and where, 
by consequence, I might be as able to defend mvself, 


‘2. __ 


* A sport of nature; a natural euriosity. 


—— Ee 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 149 


and to find sustenance as any of his majesty’s sub- 
jects could do here; which I took for a full answer 
to those gentlemen’s arguments. To this they only 
replied with a smile of contempt, saying that the 
farmer had instructed me very well in my lesson. 
The king, who had a much better understanding, 
dismissing his learned men, sent for the farmer, 
who, by good fortune, was not yet gone out of 
town. Having, therefore, first examined him 
privately, and then confronted him with me and 
the young girl, his majesty began to think that 
what we told him might possibly be true. He 
desired the queen to order that a particular care 
‘should be taken of me; and was of opinion that 
Glumdalclitch should still continue in her office of 
tending me, because he observed we had a great 
affection for each other. A convenient apartment 
was provided for her at court: she had a sort of 
governess appointed to take care of her education, 
a maid to dress her, and two other servants for 
‘menial offices; but the care of me was wholly ap- 
'propriated to herself. The queen commanded her 
own cabinet-maker to contrive a box, that might 
‘serve me for a bedchamber, after the model that 
Glumdalclitch and I should agree upon. This man 


‘Was a most ingenious artist, and according to my 
directions, in three weeks, finished forme a wooden 


150 | GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


chamber, of sixteen foot square, and twelve high, 
with sash-windows, a door, and two closets, like a 
London bedchamber. The board that made the 
ceiling was to be lifted up and down by two hinges, 
to put in a bed, ready furnished by her majesty’s 
upholsterer, which Glumdalclitch took out every 
day to air, made it with her own hands, and letting 
it down at night, locked up the roof over me. A 
nice* workman, who was famous for little curios- 
ities, undertook to make me two chairs, with backs 
and frames, of a substance not unlike ivory, and | 
two tables, with a cabinet to put my things in. 
The room was quilted on all sides, as well as the 
floor and the ceiling, to prevent any accident from 
the carelessness of those who carried me, and to 
break the force of a jolt when I went in a, coach. 
I desired a lock for my door, to prevent rats and 
mice from coming in. The smith, after several 
attempts, made the smallest that ever was seen 
among them, for I have known a larger at the gate | 
of a gentleman’s house in England. I made a shift. 
to keep the key in a pocket of my own, fearing 
Glumdalclitch might lose it. The queen likewise 
ordered the thinnest silks that could be gotten, to 
make me clothes, not much thicker than an English | 


* Skilled in fine or delicate woxk. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 151 


blanket, very cumbersome till I was accustomed to 
them. They were after the fashion of the kingdom, 
partly resembling the Persian, and partly the 
Chinese, and are a very grave and decent. habit. 
The queen became so fond of my company, that 
she could not dine without me. I had a table 
placed upon the same at which her majesty eat, just 
at her left elbow, and a chair to sit on. Glumdal- 
clitch stood upon a stool on the floor near my table, 
to assist and take care of me. I had an entire set 
of silver dishes and plates, and other necessaries, 
which, in proportion to those of the queen, were not 
much bigger than what I have seen of the same 
kind in a London toy-shop, for the furniture of a 
_baby-house; these my little nurse kept in her pocket 
‘in a silver box, and gave me at meals as I wanted 
them, always cleaning them herself. No person 
dined with the queen but the two princesses royal, 


the elder sixteen years old, and the younger at that 
time thirteen and a month. Her majesty used to 
put a bit of meat upon one of my dishes, out of 
which I carved for myself, and her diversion was to 
‘see me eat in minature; for the queen (who had, 


indeed, but a weak stomach) took up, at one mouth- 
‘ful, as much as a dozen English farmers could eat 
| at a meal; which to me was, for some time, a very 
‘Qauseous sight. She would craunch the wing of a 


152 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


lark, bones and all, between her teeth, although it 
were nine times as large as that of a full-grown | 
turkey; and put a bit of bread in her mouth as big 
as two twelve-penny loaves. She drank out of a 
golden cup, above a hogshead at a draught. Her 
knives were twice as large as a scythe, set straight 
upon the handle. The spoons, forks, and other in- 
struments, were all in the same proportion. I 
remember when Glumdalclitch carried me, out of 
curiosity, to see some of the tables at court, where 
ten or a dozen of those enormous knives and 
forks were lifted up together, I thought I had never 
till then beheld so terrible a sight. 

It is the custom, that every Wednesday (which, 
as Ihave before observed, was their Sabbath) the - 
king and queen, with the royal issue of both sexes, 
dine together in the apartment of his majesty, to 
whom I was now become a great favorite; and at 
these times my little chair and table were placed at 
his left hand, before one of the salt-cellars. This 
prince took a pleasure in conversing with me, in-- 
quiring into the manners, religion, laws, govern — 
ment, and learning of Europe; wherein I gave him. 
the best account I was able. His apprehension was | 
so clear, and his judgment so exact, that he made. 
very wise reflections and observations upon all I 
said. But, I confess, that, after I had been a little 


es 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 153 


J 


too copious in talking of my own beloved country, 
of our trade, and wars by sea and land, of our 
schisms in religion, and parties in the state, the prej- 
udices of his education prevailed so far that he 
could not forbear taking me up in his right hand, 
and, stroking me gently with the other, after a 
hearty fit of laughing, asked me, Whether I were a 
Whig or Tory? Then turning to his first minister, 
who waited behind him with a white staff, near as 
tall as the mainmast of the Royal Sovereign, he 
observed, How contemptible a thing was human 
grandeur, which could be mimicked by such dimin- 
_utive insects as I; and yet, said he, I dare engage 
these creatures have their titles and distinctions of 
honor; they contrive little nests and burrows, that 
'they call houses and cities; they make a figure in 
dress and equipage; they love, they fight, they dis- 
| pute, they cheat, they betray! And thus he con- 
tinued on, while my color came and went several 
times, with indignation, to hear our noble country, 
the mistress of arts and arms, the scourge of France, 
the arbitress of Europe, the seat of virtue, piety, 
honor, and truth, the pride and envy of the world, 
‘So contemptuously treated. 
But as I was not in a condition to resent injuries, 
so upon mature thoughts I began to doubt whether 
{ was injured or no. For, after having been accus- 


| 


154 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


tomed several months to the sight and converse of — 
this people, and observed every object upon which I 


‘ 


cast mine eyes to be of proportionable magnitude, ) 
| 


| 


the horror I had first conceived from their bulk and 
aspect was so far worn off, that, if I had then beheld 
a company of English lords and ladies in their finery — 
and birthday clothes, acting their several parts in the 
most courtly manner of strutting, and bowing, and 


prating; to say the truth, I should have been strongly | 


tempted to laugh as much at them as the king and— 
his grandees did at me. Neither, indeed, could [I 
forbear smiling at myself, when the queen used to- 


place me upon her hand toward a looking-glass, by _ 
which both our persons appeared before me in full | 
view together; and there could be nothing more | 


ridiculous than the comparison; -so that I really 


began to imagine myself dwindled many degrees 


below my usual size. 

Nothing angered and mortified me so much as_ 
the queen’s dwarf; who being of the lowest stature 
that was ever in that country (for I verily think he 
was not full thirty foot high), became so insolent at 


seeing a creature so much beneath him, that he 


_ would always affect to swagger and look big as he 
passed by me in the queen’s antechamber, while 1 
was standing on some table, talking with the lords or _ 
ladies of the court, and he seldom failed of a smart 


saan 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 1590 


word or two upon my Jitéleness ; against which I 
could only revenge myself by calling him brother, 
challenging him to wrestle, and such repartees as 
are usual in the mouths of court pages. One day, 
at dinner, this malicious little cub was so nettled 
with something I had said to him, that, raising him- 
self upon the frame of her majesty’s chair, he took 
me up by the middle, as I was sitting down, not 
thinking any harm, and let me drop into a large 
silver bowl of cream, and then ran away as fast as 
she could. I fell over head and ears, and, if I had 
not been a good swimmer, it might have gone very 
hard with me; for Glumdalclitch in that instant 
happened to be at the other end of the room, and 
the queen was in such a fright that she wanted 
presence of mind to assist me. But my little nurse 
ran to my relief, and took me out, after I had 
swallowed above a quart of cream. I was put to 
bed: however, I received no other damage than the 
loss of a suit of clothes, which was utterly spoiled. 
The dwarf was soundly whipped, and, as a further 
punishment, forced to drink up the bowl of cream 
into which he had thrown me; neither was he ever 
restored to favor; for soon after the queen bestowed 
him on a lady of high quality; so that I saw him no 
More, to my very great satisfaction; for I could not 


156 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. | 


tell to what extremity such a malicious urchin mig 


have carried his resentment. 
He had before served me a scurvy trick, whic 


——— 


pases 


CHE 


baggie ENE 


teen 

oh 

ae 
S, By 


R 
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th 
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He had before served me a scurvy trick. 


set the queen a-laughing, although at the same tir 
she was heartily vexed, and would have immediate 
cashiered him if I had not been so generous as 
intercede. Her majesty had taken a marrow-b 
upon her plate, and, after knocking out the marr 
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661 STHAVEL S:YHAITTIND 


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STHAVGL SYHAITTAD 961 


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{6T STHAVEL S:YHAITTIND 


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STAAVUL S:CHAITTAO F61 


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S61 STHA VEL § YHAITTODO 


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STHA VAL S:THATTTNAD c6T 


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161 STHAVUL S.AHAITTOD 


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A | STHA VAL StH AITTAD 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS 213 


poor girl was so ill as to be confined to her chamber. 
T longed to see the ocean, which must be the only 
scene of my escape, if ever it should happen. I pre- 
tended to be worse than I really was, and desired 
leave to take the fresh air of the sea, with a page 
whom I was very fond of, and who had sometimes 
been trusted with me. I shall never forget with 
What unwillingness Glumdalclitch consented, nor 
the strict charge she gave the page to be careful of 
me, bursting at the same time into a flood of tears, 
as if she had some foreboding of what was to 
happen. The boy took me out in my box, about 
half an hour’s walk from the palace, toward the 
rocks on the seashore. I ordered him to set me 
down, and lifting up one of my sashes, cast many a 
wistful, melancholy look toward the sea. I found 
myself not very well, and told the page that I had 
& mind to take a nap in my hammock, which I 
hoped would do me good. I got in, and the boy 
shut the window close down, to keep out the cold. 
[ soon fell asleep, and all I can conjecture is, that 
while I slept the page, thinking no danger could 
happen, went among the rocks to look for birds’ 
2ggs, having before observed him from my window 
searching about, and picking up one or two in the 
‘lefts. Be that as it will, I found myself suddenly 
awaked with a violent pull upon the ring, which 


214 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


was fastened at the top of my box for the con- 
veniency of carriage. I felt my box raised very 
high in the air, and then borne forward with 
prodigious speed. The first jolt had like to have 
shaken me out of my hammock, but afterward the 
motion was easy enough. I called out several times 
as loud as I could raise my voice, but all to no 
purpose. I looked toward my windows, and could 
see nothing but the clouds and sky. I heard a 
noise just over my head, like the clapping of wings, 
and then began to perceive the woeful condition I 
was in; that some eagle had got the ring of my box 
in his beak, with an intent to let it fall on a rock, — 
like a tortoise in a shell, and then pick out my body, 
and devour it: for the sagacity and smell of this — 
bird enable him to discover his quarry at a great 
distance, though better concealed than I could be ; 
within a two-inch board. | 

In a little time I observed the noise and flutter 
of wings to increase very fast, and my box was — 
tossed up and down, like a sign* in a windy day. I 
heard several bangs or buffets, as 1 thought, given — 
to the eagle (for such, I am certain, it must have 
been that held the ring of my box in his beak), and 
then, all on a sudden, felt myself falling perpen: — 
dicularly down for above a minute, but with such : 


* That is a swinging signboard. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 215 


incredible swiftness that I almost lost my breath. 
My fall was stopped by a terrible squash, that 
sounded louder to my ears than the cataract of 
Niagara; after which I was quite in the dark for 
another minute, and then my box began to rise so 
high that I could see light from the tops of my 
windows. I now perceived that I was fallen into 
the sea. My box, by the weight of my body, the 
goods that were in it, and the broad plates of iron 
fixed for strength at the four corners of the top and 
bottom, floated above five foot deep in water. I 
did then, and do now, suppose that the eagle, which 
flew away with my box, was pursued by two or 
three others, and forced to let me drop, while he 
was defending himself against the rest, who hoped 
to share in the prey. The plates of iron fastened at 
the bottom of the box (for those were the strongest) 
preserved the balance while it fell, and hindered it 
from being broken on the surface of the water. 
Every joint of it was well grooved; and the door 
did not move on hinges, but up and down like a 
sash, which kept my closet so tight that very little 
water came in, I got, with much difficulty out of 
my hammock, having first ventured to draw back 
the slip-board on the roof, already mentioned, con- 
trived on purpose to let in air, for want of which I 
found myself almost stifled. 


216 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


How often did 1 then wish myself with my dear 
Glumdalclitch, from whom one single hour had so 
far divided me! And I may say with truth, that, 
in the midst of my own misfortunes, I could not for- 
bear lamenting my poor nurse, the grief she would 
suffer for my loss, the displeasure of the queen, and 
the ruin of her fortune. Perhaps many travelers 
have not been under greater difficulties and distress 
than I was at this juncture, expecting every mo- 
ment to see my box dashed in pieces, or, at least, 
overset by the first violent blast, or a rising wave. 
A breach in one single pane of glass would have : 
been immediate death: nor could anything have 
preserved the windows, but the strong lattice wires, 
placed on the outside, against accidents in traveling. 
I saw the water ooze in at several crannies, although 
the leaks were not considerable, and I endeavored 
to stop them as well as I could. I was not able to 
lift up the roof of my closet, which otherwise I 
certainly should haye done, and sat on the top of it; 
where I might at least preserve myself some hours 
longer, than by being shut up (as I may call it) in 
the hold. Or, if I escaped these dangers for a day © 
or two, what could I expect but a miserable death 
of cold and hunger? I was four hours under these 
circumstances, expecting, and indeed wishing, every 
moment to be my last. 


GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. S17 - 


I have already told the reader ‘that there were 
two strong staples fixed upon that side of my box 
which had no window, and into which the servant, 
who used to carry me on horseback, would put a 
leathern belt, and buckle it’ about his waist. Being 
in this disconsolate state, I heard, or at least 
thought I heard, some kind of grating noise on that 
side of my box where the staples were fixed; and 
soon after I began to fancy that the box was pulled 
or towed along in the sea; for I now and then felt 
a sort of tugging, which made the waves rise near 
the tops of my windows, leaving me almost in the 
dark. This gave me some faint hopes of relief, al- 
though I was not able to imagine how it could be 
brought about. I ventured to unscrew one of my 
chairs, which were always fastened to the floor; 
and having made a hard shift to screw it down again, 
directly under the slipping-board that I had lately 
opened, [ mounted on the chair, and, putting my 
mouth as near as I could to the hole, I called for 
help in a loud voice, and in all the languages I 
understood. I then fastened my handkerchief to a 
stick I usually carried, and, thrusting it up the hole 
waved it several times in the air, that, if any boat 
or ship were near, the seamen might conjecture 
some unhappy mortal to be shut up in this box. I 
found no effect from all I could do, but plainly 


218 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


~ 


perceived my closet to be moved along ; and in the 


space of an hour, or better, that side of the box 


where the staples were, and had no windows, struck 
against something that was hard. I apprehended it 
to be arock, and found myself tossed more than 
ever. I plainly heard a noise upon the cover of my 
closet like that of a cable, and the grating of it as it 
passed through the ring. I then found myself 
hoisted up, by degrees, at least three foot higher 
than I was before. Whereupon I again thrust up 
my stick and handkerchief, calling for help till I was 
almost hoarse. In return to which I heard a great 
shout repeated three times, giving me such trans- 
ports of joy as are not to be conceived but by those 
who feel them. I now heard a trampling over my 
head, and somebody calling through the hole with 
a loud voice, in the English tongue, if there be any- 
body below, let them speak. I answered, I was an 
Englishman, drawn, by ill fortune, into the greatest 
calamity that ever any creature underwent, and 
begged, by all that was moving, to be delivered out 
of the dungeon I was in. The voice replied, I was 
safe, for my box was fastened to their ship, and the 
carpenter should immediately come and saw a hole 
in the cover, large enough to pull me out. I an- 
swered, that was needless, and would take up too 
much time; for there was no more to be done, but 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 219 


let one of the crew put his finger into the ring, and 
take the box out of the sea into the ship, and so into 
the captain’s cabin. Some of them, upon hearing 
me talk so wildly, thought I was mad; others 
laughed ; for indeed it never came into my head 
that I was now got among people of my own 
stature and strength. The carpenter came, and, in 
a few minutes, sawed a passage about four foot 
square, then let down a small ladder, upon which I 
mounted, and from thence was taken into the ship 
in a very weak condition. 

The sailors were all in amazement, and asked me 
a thousand questions, which I had no inclination to 
answer. I was equally confounded at the sight of 
so many pigmies, for such I took them to be, after 
having so long accustomed mine eyes to the mon- 
strous objects I had left. But the captain, Mr. 
Thomas Wilcocks, an honest, worthy Shropshire- 
man, observing I was ready to faint, took me into 
his cabin, gave me a cordial to comfort me, and 
made me turn in upon his own bed, advising me to 
take a little rest, of which I had great need. Before 
I went to sleep I gave him to understand that ] 
had some valuable furniture in my box, too good 
to be lost; a fine hammock—an nandsome field bed 
—two chairs—a table—and a cabinet. That my 
closet was hung on all sides, or rather quilted with 


220 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


silk and cotton; that, if he would let one of the 
crew bring my closet into his cabin, I would open 
it there before him, and show him my goods. The 
captain, hearing me utter these absurdities, con- 
cluded I was ravinz; however (I suppose to pacify 
me), he promised to give order as 1 desired, and go- 
ing upon deck, sent some of his men down into my 
closet, from whence (as I afterward found) they 
drew up all my goods, and stripped off the quilting ; 
but the chairs, cabinet, and bedstead, being screwed 
to the floor, were much damaged by the ignorance 
of the seamen, who tore them up by force. Then 
they knocked off some of the boards for the use of 
the ship, and when they had got all they had a 
mind for, let the hull drop into the sea, which, by 
reason of many breaches made in the bottom and 
sides, sunk to rights.* And, indeed, I was glad not 
to have been a spectator of the havoc they made, 
because I am confident it would have sensibly 
touched me, by bringing former passages into my 
mind, which I had rather forget. 

I slept some hours, but perpetually disturbed with 
dreams of the place I had left, and the dangers I had 
escaped. However, upon waking, 1 found myself 
much recovered. It was now about eight o’clock 


“ 


* Directly, or at once. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 221 


at night, and the captain ordered supper immedi- 
ately, thinking I had already fasted too long. He 
entertained me with great kindness, observing me 
not tolook wildly, or talk inconsistently ; and, when 
we were left alone, desired I would give him a 
relation of my travels, and by what accident I came 
to be set adrift in that monstrous wooden chest. 
He said that about twelve o’clock at noon, as he 
was looking through his glass, he spied it at a dis- 
tance, and thought it was a sail.* which he had a 
mind to make,+ being not much out of his course, 
in hopes of buying some biscuit, his own beginning 
to fall short. That, upon coming nearer, and find- 
ing his error, he sent out his long-boat to discover 
what it was; that his men came back in a fright, 
swearing that they had seen a swimming house. 
That he laughed at their folly, and went himself in 
the boat, ordering his men to taxe a strong cable 
along with them. That the weather being calm, he 
rowed round me several times, observed my win. 
dows, and the wire lattices that defended them. 
That he discovered two staples upon one side, which 
was all of boards, without any passage for light. 
He then commanded his men to row up to that side, 
and fastening a cable to one of the staples, ordered 


* A ship. t Come close to 


222 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


them to tow my chest, as they called it, toward the 
ship. "When it was there, he gave directions to 
fasten another cable to the ring fixed in the cover, 
and to raise up my chest with pulleys, which all the 
sailors were not able to do above two or three foot. 
He said they saw my stick and handkerchief thrust 
out of the hole, and concluded that some unhappy 
man must be shut up inthe cavity. IT asked whether 
he or the crew had seen any prodigious birds in the 
air about the time he first discovered me? To 
which he answered, that discoursing this matter 
with the sailors while I was asleep, one of them said 
he had observed three eagles flying toward the 
north, but remarked nothing of their being larger 
than the usual size; which, I suppose, must be im- 
puted to the great height they were at; and he 
could not guess the reason of my question. I then 
asked the captain how far he reckoned we might 
be from land? He said, by the best computation 
he could make, we were, at least, an hundred 
leagues. I assured him that he must be mistaken by 
almost half, for I had not left the country from 
whence I came above two hours before I dropped 
into the sea. Whereupon, he began again to think 
that my brain was disturbed, of which he gave me 
a hint, and advised me to go to bed in a cabin he 
had provided. I assured him I was well refreshed 


a 


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GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 223 | 


with his good entertainment and company, and as 
much in my senses as ever I was in my life. He 
then grew serious, and desired to ask me freely, 
whether I were not troubled in mind by the con- 
sciousness of some enormous crime, for which I was 
punished, at the command of some prince, by expos- 
ing me in that chest; as great criminals, in other 
countries, have been forced to sea in a leaky vessel, 
without provisions ; for although he should be sorry 
to have taken so ill a man into his ship, yet he 
would engage his word to set me safe on shore at 
the first port where we arrived. He added that his 
suspicions were much increased by some very 
absurd speeches J had delivered at first to the sailors, 
and afterward to himself, in relation to my closet 
or chest, as well as by my odd looks and behavior 
while I was at supper. 

I begged his patience to hear me tell my story, 
which I faithfully did, from the last time I left 
England to the moment he first discovered me. 
And as truth always forceth its way into rational 
minds, so this honest, worthy gentleman, who had 
some tincture of learning and very good sense, was 
immediately convinced of my candor and veracity. 
But, further to confirm all I had said, I entreated 
him to give order that my cabinet should be brought, 
of which I had the key in my pocket; for he had 


324 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


already informed me how the seamen disposed of 
my closet. I opened it in his own presence, and 
showed him the small collection of rarities 1 made 
in the country from whence I had been so strangely 
delivered. There was the comb I had contrived 
out of the stumps of the king’s beard, and another 
of the same materials, but fixed into a paring of her 
majesty’s thumb-nail, which served for the back. 
There was a collection of needles and pins, from a 
foot to half a yard long; four wasp’s stings, like 
joiner’s tacks; some combings of the queen’s hair ; 
a gold ring, which one day she made me a present 
of, ina most obliging manner, taking it from her ~ 
little finger, and throwing it over my head like a — 
collar. I desired the captain would please to accept ! 
this ring in return of his civilities, which he abso- 
lutely refused. I showed him a corn that I had cut 
off, with my own hand, from a maid of honor’s toe ; 
it was about the bigness of a Kentish pippin, and 
grown so hard that, when I returned to England, © 
I got it hollowed into a cup, and set in silver. — 
Lastly, I desired him to see the breeches I had then 
on, which were made of a mouse’s skin. 

I could force nothing on him but a footman’s 
tooth, which I observed him to examine with great 
curiosity, and found he had a fancy for it. He re- 
ceived it with abundance of thanks, more than such 


GULLIVER'S TRAVHLS. 925 


a trifle could deserve. It was drawn by an unskill- 
ful surgeon in a mistake, from one of Glumdal- 
clitch’s men, who was afflicted with the toothache, 
but it was as sound as any in his head. I got it 
cleaned, and put it into my cabinet. It was about 
a foot long and four inches in diameter. 

The captain was very well satisfied with this plain 
relation I had given him, and said he hoped when 
we returned to England, I would oblige the world 
by putting it on paper and making it public. My 
answer was that I thought we were already over- 
stocked with books of travels; that nothing could 
now pass which was not extraordinary; wherein I 
doubted some authors less consulted truth than 
their own vanity, or interest, or the diversion of 
ignorant readers; that my story could contain little 
beside common events, without those ornamental 
descriptions of strange piants, trees, birds, and other 
animals; or of the barbarous customs and idolatry 
of savage people, with which most writers abound. 
However, I thanked him for his good opinion, and 
promised to take the matter into my thoughts. 

He said he wondered at one thing very much, 
which was, to hear me speak so loud; asking me 
whether the king or queen of that country were 
thick of hearing? I told him it was what I had 
been used to for above two years past, and that I 


226 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


admired* as much at the voices of him and his men, 
who seemed to me only to whisper, and yet I could 
hear them well enough. But when I spoke in that 
country it was like a man talking in the street to 
another looking out from the top of a steeple, unless 
when I was placed on a table, or held in any person’s 
hand. I told him I had likewise observed another 
thing, that, when I first got into the ship, and the 
sailors stood all about me, I thought they were the 
most contemptible little creatures I had ever beheld. 
For, indeed, while I was in that prince’s country I 
could never endure to look in a glass after mine eyes 
had been accustomed to such prodigious objects, be- 
cause the comparison gave me so despicable a conceit 
of myself. The captain said that while we were at 
supper he observed me to look at everything with 
a sort of wonder, and that I often seemed hardly 
able to contain my laughter, which he knew not 
well how to take, but imputed it to some disorder 
in my brain. I answered, it was very true: and I 
wondered how I could forbear when I saw his dishes 
of the size of a silver threepence, a leg of pork hardly 
a mouthful, a cup not so big as a nutshell; and so f 
went on, describing the rest of his household stuff 


* Wondered: an old usage of the word, still common in 
America. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. QT . 


and provisions after the same manner. For, although 
the queen had ordered a little equipage of all things 
necessary for me, while I was in her service, yet my 
ideas were wholly taken up with what I saw on 
every side of me, and I winked at my own little- 
hess as people do at their own faults. The captain 
understood my raillery very well, and merrily 
replied with the old English proverb, that he doubted 
mine eyes were bigger than my belly, for he did not 
observe my stomach so good, although I had fasted 
all day ; and, continuing in his mirth, protested he 
would have gladly given an hundred pounds to have 
seen my closet in the eagle’s bill, and afterward in 
its fall from so great a height into the sea; which 
would certainly have been a most astonishing object 
worthy to have the description of it transmitted to 
future ages: and the comparison of Phaéton* was 
so obvious that he could not forbear applying it, 
although I did not much admire the conceit. 

The captaix, having been at Tonquin, was, in his 
return to England, driven northeastward to the lat- 
itude of 44 degrees, and longitude of 143. But, 
meeting a trade-wind two days after I came on 
board him, we sailed southward a long time, and, 


* Phaéton, or rather Phaéthon, was a character of Greek 
mythology, who, driving the horses of the sun, was struck by 
lightning and fell into the river Po. 


228 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


coasting New Holland, kept our course west-south. 
west, and then south-southwest, till we doubled the 
Cape of Good Hope. Our voyage was very pros- 
perous, but I shall not trouble the reader with a 
journal of it. The captain called in at one or two 
ports, and sent in his long-boat for provisions and 
fresh water; but I never went out of the ship till 
we came into the Downs, which was on the third 
day of June, 1706, about nine months after my 
escape. I offered to leave my goods in security for 
payment of my freight; but the captain protested 
he would not receive one farthing. We took kind 
leave of each other, and I made him promise he 
would come to see me at my house in Redriff. | 
hired a horse and guide for five shillings, which | 
borrowed of the captain. 

As I was on the road, observing the littleness of 
the houses, the trees, the cattle, and the people, I 
began to think myself in Lilliput. I was afraid of 
trampling on every traveler I met, and often called 
aloud to have them stand out of the way, so that I 
had like to have gotten one or two broken heads for 
my impertinence. 

When I came to my own house, for which I was 
forced to inquire, one of the servants opening the 
door, 1 bent down to go in (like a goose under a 
gate), for fear of striking my head. My wife ran 


GULLIVER’S TRAVRELE. 929 — 


out to embrace me, but I stooped lower than her 
knees, thinking she could otherwise never be able 
to reach my mouth. My daughter kneeled to ask 
my blessing, but I could nct see her till she arose, 
having been so long used to stand with my head and 
eyes erect to above sixty foot; and then I went to’ 
take her up with one hand by the waist. I looked 
down upon the servants, and one or two friends who 
were in the house, as if they had been pigmies and 
Ia giant. I told my wife she had been too thrifty, 
for I found she had starved herself and her daugh- 
ter to nothing. In short, I behaved myself so unac- 
countably that they were all of the captain’s opinion 
when he first saw me, and concluded I had lost my 
wits. This I mention as an instance of the great 
power of habit and prejudice. 

In a little time I and my family and friends came 
to a right understanding; but my wife protested I 
should never go to sea any more; although my evil 
destiny so ordered that she had not power to hinder 
me, as the reader may know hereafter. In the 
meantime I here conclude the second part of my 
unfortunate voyages, 


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PART ITI. 


A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI. 
LUGGNAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIBB, 
AND JAPAN. 


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PART IIL 


A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, 
LUGGNAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIBB, 
AND JAPAN. 


CHAPTER I. 


The Author sets out on his third Voyage—Is taken by Pirates 
—The malice of a Dutchman—His arrival at an Island— 
He is received into Laputa. 


I wap not been at home above ten days when 
Captain William Robinson, a Cornish man, com- 
mander of the Hopewell, a stout ship of three 
hundred tons, came to my house. I had formerly 
been surgeon of another ship, where he was master 
and a fourth-part owner, in a voyage to the Levant. 
He had always treated me more like a brother than 
an inferior officer; and, hearing of my arrival, made 
me a visit, as I apprehended, only out of friendship, 
for nothing passed more than what is usual after 
long absences. But, repeating his visits often, ex- 
pressing his joy to find me in good health, asking, 
whether I were now settled for life? adding, that 


234 GULLIVER’S. TRAVELS. 


he intended a voyage to the East Indies in two 
months; at last he plainly invited me, though with 
some apologies, to be surgeon of the ship; that I 
should have another surgeon under me, besides our 
two mates; that my salary should be double to the 
usual pay; and that having experienced my knowl- 
edge in sea affairs to be at least equal to his, he 
would enter into any engagement to follow my 
advice as much as if I had share in the command. 

He said so many other obliging things, and [ 
knew him to be so honest a man, that I could not re- 
ject his proposal ; the thirst I had of seeing the world, 
notwithstanding my past misfortunes, continuing 
as violent as ever. The only difficulty that re- 
mained was to persuade my wife, whose consent, 
however, I at last obtained, by the prospect of 
advantage she proposed to her children. 

We set out the 5th day of August, 1706, and 
arrived at Fort St. George* the 11th of April, 1707. 
We stayed there three weeks to refresh our crew, 
many of whom were sick. From thence we went 
to Tonquin, where the captain resolved to continue | 
some time, because many of the goods he intended 
to buy were not ready, nor could he expect to be 


* An old name of Madras, the fort or citadel of the town 
- being so named. 


Bos: 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 230 


despatched in some months. Therefore, in hopes 
to defray some of the charges he must be at, he 
bought a sloop, loaded it with several sorts of goods, 
wherewith the Tonquinese usually trade to the 
neighboring islands, and putting fourteen men on 
board, whereof three were of the country, he ap- 
pointed me master of the sloop, and gave me power 
to traffic while he transacted his affairs at Tonquin. 

We had not sailed above three days, when a great 
storm arising, we were driven five days to the north- 
northeast, and then to the east; after which we 
had fair weather, but still with a pretty strong gale 
from the west. Upon the tenth day we were chased 
by two pirates, who soon overtook us; for my sloop 
was so deep laden that she sailed very slow, neither 
were we in a condition to defend ourselves. 

We were boarded about the same time by both 
the pirates, who entered furiously at the head of 
their men; but, finding us all prostrate upon our 
faces (for so I gave order), they pinioned us with 


_ strong ropes, and, setting a guard upon us, went to 
_ search the sloop. 


I observed among them a Dutchman, who seemed 
to be of some authority, though he was not com- 
mander of either ship. He knew us by our coun- 
tenances to be Englishmen, and, jabbering to us in 
his own language, swore we should be tied back to 


936 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


back, and thrown into the sea. I spoke Dutch 
tolerably well; I told him who we were, and begged 
him, in consideration of our being Christians and 
Protestants, of neighboring countries in strict alli- 
ance, that he would move the captains to take some 
pity on us. This infiamed his rage; he repeated 
his threatenings, and, turning to his companions, 
spoke with great vehemence in the Japanese 
language, as I suppose, often using the word 
Christianos. 

The largest of the two pirate ships was com- 
manded by a Japanese captain, who spoke a little 
Dutch, but very imperfectly. He came up to me, 
and, after several questions, which I answered in 
great humility, he said we should not die. I made 
the captain a very low bow, and then, turning to the 
Dutchman, said I was sorry to find more mercy in a 
heathen than in a brother Christian. But I had 
soon reason to repent those foolish words; for that 
malicious reprobate, having often endeavored in 
vain to persuade both the captains that I might be 
thrown into the sea (which they would not yield to, 
after the promise made me that I should not die), 
however, prevailed so far as to have a punishment 
inflicted on me, worse, in all human appearance, 
than death itself. My men were sent by an equal 
division into both the pirate ships and my sloop new 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 237 


manned. As to myself, it was determined that I 
should be set adrift in a small canoe, with paddles 
and a sail, and four days’ provisions; which last the 
Japanese captain was so kind to double out of his 
own stores, and would permit no man to search me. 
I got down into the canoe, while the Dutchman, 
standing upon the deck, loaded me with all the 
curses and injurious terms his language could 
afford. 

About an hour before we saw the pirates I had 
taken an observation, and found we were in the 
latitude of 46 N. and longitude of 183.* When I 
was at some distance from the pirates I discovered 
by my pocket-glass several islands to the southeast. 
I set up my sail, the wind being fair, with a design 
to reach the nearest of those islands, which I made 
a shift to do in about three hours. It was allrocky: 
however, I got many birds’ eggs; and striking fire, 
I kindled some heath and dry seaweed, by which 
I roasted my eggs. I eat no other supper, being re- 
solved to spare my provisions as much asI could. I 
passed the night under the shelter of a rock, strow- 
ing some heath under me, and slept pretty well. 

The next day I sailed to another island, and — 
thence to a third and fourth, sometimes using my 


* This would be not very far south of the Aleutian Islands, 
in the North Pacific. 


238 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


sail, and sometimes my paddles. But not to trouble : 
the reader with a particular account of my dis- 
tresses, let it suffice that on the fifth day I arrived 
at the last island in my sight, which lay south-south- 
east to the former. 

This island was at a greater distance than I ex- 
pected, and I did not reach it in less than five hours. 
I encompassed it almost round, before I could find 
a convenient place to land in; which was a small 
creek, about three times the wideness of my canoe. 
I found the island to be all rocky, only a little 
intermingled with tufts of grass and sweet-smelling 
herbs. I took out my small provisions, and, after 
having refreshed myself, I secured the remainder in 
a cave, whereof there were great numbers; I 
gathered plenty of eggs upon the rocks, and got a 
quantity of dry seaweed and parched grass, which I 
designed to kindle the next day, and roast my eggs 
as well as I could; for I had about me my flint, 
steel, match, and burning-glass. I lay all night in 
the cave where [ had lodged my provisions. My 
bed was the same dry grass and seaweed which I 
intended for fuel. I slept very little, for the dis- 
quiets of my mind prevailed over my weariness, and 
kept me awake. I considered how impossible it was 
to preserve my life in so desolate a place, and how 
miserable my end must be. Yet I found myself so 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 239 


listless and desponding that I had not the heart to 
rise ; and, before I could get spirits enough to creep 
out of my cave, the day was far advanced. I 
walked a while among the rocks: the sky was per- 
fectly clear, and the sun so hot that I was forced 
to turn my face from it; when, all ona sudden, it 
became obscure, as I thought, in a manner very dif- 
ferent from what happens by the interposition of a 
cloud. I turned back, and perceived a vast opaque 
body between me and the sun, moving forward 
toward the island: it seemed to be about two miles 
high, and hid the sun six or seven minutes; but I 
did not observe the air to be much colder, or the 
sky more darkened, than if I had stood under the 
shade of a mountain. As it approached nearer over 
the place where I was, it appeared to be a firm sub- 
stance, the bottom flat, smooth, and shining very 
bright, from the reflection of the sea below. Istood 
upon a height about two hundred yards from the 
shore, and saw this vast body descending almost to 
a parallel with me, at less than an English mile dis- 
tance. I took out my pocket perspective,* and 
could plainly discover numbers of people moving up 
and down the sides of it, which appeared to be 
sloping: but what those people were doing I was 
not able to distinguish. 


* Telescope. 


240 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


The natural love of life gave me some inward 
motions of joy, and I was ready to entertain a hope 
that this adventure might, some way or other, help 
to deliver me from the desolate place and condition 
I was in. But at the same time the reader can 
hardly conceive my astonishment to behold an 
island in the air, inhabited by men who were able 
(as it should seem) to raise or sink, or put it into a 
progressive motion, as they pleased. But not being 
at that time ina disposition to philosophize upon 
this phenomenon, I rather chose to observe what 
course the island would take, because it seemed for 
awhile to stand still. Yet, soon after, it advanced 
nearer, and I could see the sides of it encompassed 
with several gradations of galleries, and stairs, at 
certain intervals, to descend from one to the other. 
In the lowest gallery I beheld some people fishing 
with long angling rods, and others looking on. I 
waved my cap (for my hat was long since worn out) 
and my handkerchief toward the island; and upon 
its nearer approach I called and shouted with the 


utmost strength of my voice; and then looking cir- — 


cumspectly, I beheld a crowd gather to that side 
which was most in my view. I found by their 
pointing toward me, and to each other, that they 
plainly discovered me, although they made no return 
to my shouting. But I could see four or five men 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 241 


running in great haste up the stairs, to the top of 
the island, who then disappeared. I happened 
rightly to conjecture that these were sent for orders, 
to some person in authority, upon this occasion. 
The number of people increased, and in less than 
an hour the island was moved and raised in such a 
manner that the lowest gallery appeared in a parallel 
of less than a hundred yards distance from the 
height where I stood. I then put myself into the 
most supplicating postures, and spoke in the humblest 
accent, but received no answer. Those who stood 
nearest over against me seemed to be persons of dis- 
tinction, as I supposed by their habit. They con- 
ferred earnestly with each other, looking often upon 
me. At length one of them called out in a clear, 
polite, smooth dialect, not unlike in sound to the 
Italian ; and, therefore, I returned an answer in that 
language, hoping at least that the cadence might be 
more agreeable to his ears. Although neither of us 
‘understood the other, yet my meaning was easily 
known, for the people saw the distress I was in. 
_ They made signs for me to come down from the 
tock, and go toward the shore, which I accordingly 
did; and the fiying island being raised to a con- 
‘venient height, the verge directly over me, a chain 
‘was let down from the lowest gallery, with a seat 
‘fastened to the bottom, to which I fixed myself, and 
(was drawn up by pulleys. 


j 


942 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER II. 


The humors and dispositions of the Laputians described—An { 
account of their Learning—Of the King and his Court— — 
The Author’s reception there—The Inhabitants subject to { 
fears and disquietudes—An account of the Women. : 


Art my alighting I was surrounded by a crowd of 
people, but those who stood nearest seemed to be of i 
better quality. They beheld me with all the marks 
and circumstances of wonder; neither, indeed, was L 
much in their debt, having never till then seen a 
race of mortals so singular in their shapes, habits, ! 
and countenances. Their heads were all inclined 
either to the right or the left; one of their eyes 
turned inward, and the other directly up to the 
zenith. Their outward garments were adorned with 
the figures of suns, moons, and stars; interwoven 
with those of fiddles, flutes, harps, trumpets, guitars 
harpsichords,* and many more instruments of musi¢ 
unknown to us in Europe. I observed here and 
there many in the habit of servants, with a blown 
bladder fastened like a flail to the end of a short 


* An old form of the piano. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 243 


stick, which they carried in their hands. In each 
bladder was a small quantity of dried peas, or little 
pebbles, as I was afterward informed. With these 
bladders they now and then flapped the mouths and 
ears of those who stood near them, of which practice 
I could not then conceive the meaning. It seems the 
minds of these people are so taken up with intense 
speculations that they neither can speak, nor attend 
to the discourses of others, without being roused by 
some external taction* upon the organs of speech 
and hearing; for which reason those persons who 
are able to afford it always keep a flapper (the orig- 
inal is climenole) in their family as one of their 
domestics; nor even walk abroad, or make visits, 
without him. And the business of this officer is, when 
two or three more persons are in company, gently 
to strike with his bladder the mouth of him who is 
to speak, and the right ear of him or them to whom 
the speaker addresseth himself. This flapper is 
likewise employed diligently to attend his master in 
his walks, and upon occasion to give him a soft flap 
on his eyes; because he is always so wrapped up in 
cogitation that he is in manifest danger of falling 
down every precipice, and bouncing his head against 
every post; and in the streets of jostling others, or 
being jostled himself, into the kennel. 


_-_- --~-- 


* Touch, contact, 


244 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


It was necessary to give the reader this informa- 
tion, without which he would be at the same loss 
with me to understand the proceedings of these peo- 
ple, as they conducted me up the stairs to the top 
of the island, and from thence to the royal palace. 
While we were ascending they forgot several times 
what they were about, and left me to myself, till 
their memories were again roused by their flappers, 
for they appeared altogether unmoved by the sight 
of my foreign habit and countenance, and by the 
shouts of the vulgar, whose thoughts and minds were 
more disengaged. 

At last we entered the palace, and proceeded into 
the chamber of presence, where I saw the king 
seated on his throne, attended on each side by per-_ 
sons of prime quality. Before the throne was a_ 
large table filled with globes and spheres and math- 
ematical instruments of all kinds. His majesty took | 
not the least notice of us, although our entrance was 
not without sufficient noise, by the concourse of all _ 
persons belonging to the court. But he was then 
deep in a problem; and we attended at least an hour . 
before he could solve it. There stood by him, on_ 
each side, a young page with flaps in their hands, 
and when they saw he was at leisure, one of them ; 
gently struck his mouth, and the other his right : 
ear; at which he started like one awaked on the ; 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 245 


sudden, and looking toward me and the company I 
was in, recollected the occasion of our coming, 
whereof he had been informed before. He spoke 
some words, whereupon immediately a young man 
with a flap came up to my side and flapped me 
gently on the right ear; but I made signs, as well 
_as I could, that I had no occasion for such an instru- 


-ment, which, as I afterward found, gave his majesty 
_and the whole court a very mean opinion of my un- 
derstanding. The king, as far as I could conjecture, 
asked me several questions, and I addressed myself 
to him in all the languages I had. When it was 
found that I could neither understand nor be under- 
stood, I was conducted by the king’s order to an 
apartment in his palace (this prince being distin- 
guished above all his predecessors for his hospitality 
to strangers), where two servants were appointed to 
attend me. My dinner was brought, and four per- 
sons of quality, whom I remembered to have seen 
very near the king’s person, did me the honor to 
dine with me. We had two courses of three dishes. 
each. In the first course there was a shoulder of 
mutton cut into an equilateral triangle, a piece of 
beef into a rhomboid,* anda pudding into a cycloid. 


* A four-sided figure with the opposite sides parallel, one 
pair longer thau the other pair, and the angles not right 
angles. +A geometrical figure resembling a 
semicircle with the curve flattened. 


246 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


The second course was two ducks trussed up into the 
form of fiddles ; sausages and puddings, resembling 
flutes and hautboys, and a breast of veal in the shape 
ofa harp. The servants cut our bread into cones, 


cylinders, parallelograms, and several other mathe- 


matical figures. 
While we were at dinner I made bold to ask the 


names of several things in their language, and those — 
noble persons, by the assistance of their flappers, — 


delighted to give me answers, hoping to raise my ad- 


miration of their great abilities, if I could be brought 


to converse with them. I was soon able to call for 
bread and drink, or whatever else I wanted. 


After dinner my company withdrew, and a person 


was sent to me by the king’s order, attended by a 
flapper. He brought with him pen, ink, and paper, 
and three or four books, giving me to understand by 
signs that he was sent to teach me the language. 
We sat together four hours, in which time I wrote 
down a great number of words in columns, with the 


translations over against them; I likewise made a 
shift to learn several short sentences. For my tutor © 
would order one of my servants to fetch something, — 
or turn about, to make a bow, to sit, or stand, or | 
walk, and the like. Then I took down the sentence ‘ 
in writing. He showed me also, in one of his books, — 
the figures of the sun, moon, and stars, the zodiac, : 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 247 


the tropic and polar circles, together with the de- 
nominations of many figures of planes and solids. 
He gave me the names and descriptions of all the 
musical instruments, and the general terms of art in 
playing on each of them. After he had left me I 
placed all my words, with their interpretations, in 
alphabetica: order. And thus, in a few days, by the 
help of a very faithful memory, I got some insight 
into their language. 

The word, which [I interpret the flying or floating 
island, is in the original Zaputa, whereof I could 
never learn the true etymology. Zap, in the old 
obsolete language, signifieth high; and wntwh, a 
governor ; from which, they say, by corruption, was 
derived Laputa, from Zapuntuh. But I do not ap- 
prove of this derivation, which seems to be a little 
strained. I ventured to offer to the learned among 
them a conjecture of my own, that Laputa was 
quasi* lap outed ; lap signifying properly the danc- 
ing of the sunbeams in the sea, and outed, a wing, 
which, however, I shall not obtrude, but submit to 
the judicious reader. 

Those to whom the king had intrusted me, observ- 
ing how ill I was clad, ordered a tailor to come next 
morning, and take my measure for a suit of clothes. 


* A Latin word meaning as if, as it were 


248 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


This operator did his office after a different manner 
from those of his trade in Europe. He first took 
my altitude by a quadrant, and then, with rule and | 
compasses, described the dimensions and outlines of 
my whole body, all which he entered upon paper; — 
and, in six days, brought my clothes, very ill made, — 
and quite out of shape, by happening to mistake a 
figure in the calculation. But my comfort was, that — 
I observed such accidents very frequent, and little — 
regarded. 
During my confinement, for want of clothes, and — 
by an indisposition that held me some days longer, — 
I much enlarged my dictionary ; and when I went 
next to court, was able to understand many things ; 
the king spoke, and to return him some kind of an-_ 
swers. His majesty had given orders that the island ‘ 
should move northeast and by east to the vertical q 
point over Lagado, the metropolis of the whole } 
kingdom below, upon the firm earth. It was about. i 
ninety leagues distant, and our voyage lasted four q 
days and a half. 1 was not in the least sensible of — 
the progressive motion made in the air by the © 
island. On the second morning, about eleven © 
o’clock, the king himself in person, attended by — 
his nobility, courtiers, and officers, having prepared Li 
all their musical instruments, played on them for q 
three hours without intermission, so that I was t 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 249. 


quite stunned with the noise; neither could I possi- 
bly guess the meaning, till my tutor informed me. 
He said that the people of their island had their 
ears adapted to hear the music of the spheres,* 
which always played at certain periods, and the 
court was now prepared to bear their part, in what- 
ever instrument they most excelled. 

In our journey toward Lagado, the capital city, 
his majesty ordered that the island should stop over 
certain towns and villages, from whence he might 
receive the petitions of his subjects. And, to this 
purpose, several packthreads were let down, with 
small weights at the bottom. On these packthreads 
the people strung their petitions, which mounted up 
directly, like the scraps of paper fastened by school- 
boys at the end of the string that holds their kite. 
Sometimes we received wine and victuals from be- 
low, which were drawn up by pulleys. 

The knowledge I had in mathematics gave me 
great assistance in acquiring their phraseology, 
which depended much upon that science and music ; 
and in the latter I was not unskilled. Their ideas 
are perpetually conversant in lines and figures. If 
they would, for example, praise the beauty of a 

* A music, imperceptible to ordinary ears, supposed by the 


Greek philosopher Pythagoras to be produced by the motions 
of the heavenly bodies. 


290 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


woman, or any other animal, they describe it by 
rhombs,* circles, parallelograms, ellipses, and other 
geometrical terms, or by words of art drawn from 
music, needless here to repeat. I observed, in the 
king’s kitchen, all sorts of mathematical and musical 
instruments, after the figures of which they cut up 
the joints that were served to his majesty’s table. 
Their houses are very ill built, the walls bevel, 
without one right angle in any apartment; and this 
defect ariseth from the contempt they bear to prac- 
tical geometry, which they despise as vulgar and 
mechanic; those instructions they give being too 
refined for the intellectuals+ of their workmen, 
which occasions perpetual mistakes. And although 
they are dexterous enough upon a piece of paper, in 
the management of the rule, the pencil, and the 
divider,t yet, in the common actions and behavior 
of life, I have not seen a more clumsy, awkward, 
and unhandy people, nor so slow and perplexed in 
their conceptions upon all other subjects, except 
those of mathematics and music. They are very 
bad reasoners, and vehemently given to opposition, 
unless when they happen to be of the right opinion, 
which is seldom their case. Imagination, fancy, and 


——— aug 


* Figures of a diamond shape. 
+ Mental powers ; intellects, 
{ Pair of compasses. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 251. 


invention, they are wholly strangers to, nor have 
they any words in their language by which those 
ideas can be expressed ; the whole compass of their 
thoughts and mind being shut up within the two 
fore-mentioned sciences. 

Most of them, and especially those who deal in 
the astronomical part, have great faith in judicial 
astrology,* although they are ashamed to own it 
publicly. But what I chiefly admired,+ and thought 
altogether unaccountable, was the strong disposition 
I observed in them toward news and politics, per- 
petually inquiring into public affairs, giving their 
judgments in matters of state, and passionately dis- 
puting every inch of a party opinion. JI have indeed 
observed the same disposition among most of the 
mathematicians I have known in Europe, although 
I could never discover the least analogy between 
the two sciences; unless those people suppose that 
because the smallest circle hath as many degrees as 
the largest,} therefore the regulation and manage. 
ment of the world require no more abilities than 
the handling and turning of a globe; but I rather 


* The exploded science or art of foretelling future events 
from a study of the positions and motions of the sun, moon, 
and planets. 

+t Wondered at: an old usage of the word. 

\ Every circle being divisible into 360 degrees. 


252 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


take this quality to spring from a very common jn: 
firmity of human nature, inclining us to be most 
curious and conceited in matters where we have 
least concern, and for which we are least adapted 
either by study or nature. 

These people are under continual disquietudes, 
never enjoying a minute’s peace of mind; and their 
disturbances proceed from causes which very little 
affect the rest of mortals. Their apprehensions 
arise from several changes they dread in the celes- 
tial bodies. For instance, that the earth, by the 
continual approaches of the sun toward it, must, in 
course of time, be absorbed, or swallowed up. That 
the face of the sun will, by degrees, be encrusted 
with its own effluvia, and give no more light to the 
world. That the earth very narrowly escaped a 
brush from the tail of the last comet, which would 
have infallibly reduced it to ashes ; and that the 
next, which they have calculated for thirty-one 
years hence, will probably destroy us. For if, in 
its perihelion,* it should approach within a certain 
degree of the sun (as by their calculations they have 
reason to dread), it will conceive a degree of heat 
ten thousand times more intense than that of red- 
hot glowing iron; and, in its absence from the sun, 


*That point in the orbit of a planet or comet at which the 
body is nearest the sun 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 253. 


carry a blazing tail, ten hundred thousand and four- 
teen miles long; through which, if the earth should 
pass at the distance of one hundred thousand miles 
from the nucleus, or main body of the comet, it 
must in its passage be set on fire, and reduced to 
ashes. That the sun, daily spending its rays without 
any nutriment to supply them, will at last be wholly 
consumed and annihilated ; which must be attended 
with the destruction of this earth, and of all the 
planets that receive their light from it.* 

They are so perpetually alarmed with the appre- 
hensions of these and the like impending dangers, 
that they can neither sleep quietly in their beds, 
nor have any relish for the common pleasures or 
amusements of life. When they meet an acquaint- 
ance in the morning the first question is about the 
sun’s health, how he looked at his setting and rising, 
and what hopes they have to avoid the stroke of 
the approaching comet. This conversation they are 


*It is held at the present day that the sun is gradually 
cooling ; but as it is believed that a million of years or so will 
make little or no perceptible difference, we need not, like the 
Laputians, trouble ourselves about it. As for comets, though 
comparatively littie is yet known as to their real nature, the 
belief is strong among men of science that no danger need be 
apprehended from any of them, even if one should come in 
contact with the earth. 


254 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


apt to run into with the same temper that boys dis- 
cover in delighting to hear terrible stories of spirits 
and hobgoblins, which they greedily listen to, and 
dare not go to bed for fear. 

The women of the island have abundance of 
vivacity ; they contemn their husbands, and are ex- 
ceedingly fond of strangers, whereof there is 
always a considerable number, from the continent 
below, attending at court, either upon affairs of the 
several towns and corporations, or their own partic- 
ular occasions; but are much despised because they 
want the same endowments. Among these the 
ladies choose their gallants. The wives and daugh- 
ters lament their confinement to the island, although 
I think it the most delicious spot of ground in the 
world; and although they live here in the greatest 
plenty and magnificence, and are allowed to do 
whatever they please, they long to see the world, 
and take the diversions of the metropolis, which 
they are not allowed to do without a particular 
license from the king; and this is not easy to be 
obtained, because the people of quality have found, 
by frequent experience, how hard it is to persuade 
their women to return from below. 

In about a month’s time I had made a tolerable 
proficiency in their language, and was able to 
answer most of the king’s questions, when I had the 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 255. . 


honor to attend him. His majesty discovered* not 
the least curiosity to inquire into the laws, govern- 
ment, history, religion, or manners of the countries 
where I had been; but confined his questions to the 
state of mathematics, and received the account I 
gave him with great contempt and indifference, 
though often roused by his flapper on each side. 


* Showed. 


256 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


CHAPTER III. 


A Phenomenon solved by modern Philosophy and Astronomy 
—The Laputians’ great improvements in the latter—-The 
King’s method of suppressing Insurrections. 


I pEstREp leave of this prince to see the curiosities 
of the island, which he was graciously pleased to 


“The Flying or Floating Island is exactly circular.” 


grant, and ordered my tutor to attend me. I chiefly 
wanted to know to what cause in art or in nature 
it owed its several motions, whereof I will now give 
a philosophical account to the reader. 

The Flying or Floating Island is exactly circular, 
its diameter seventy-eight hundred and thirty-seven 
yards, or about four miles and a half, and conse- 
quently contains ten thousand acres. It is three 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 257 


hundred yards thick. The bottom, or under surface, 
which appears to those who view it from below, is 
one even regular plate of adamant,* shooting up to 
the height of about two hundred yards. Above it lie 
the several minerals, in their usual order, and over 
all is a coat of rich mold, ten or twelve foot deep. 
The declivity of the upper surface, from the circum- 
ference to the center, is the natural cause why all 
the dews and rains, which fall upon the island, are 
conveyed in small rivulets toward the middle, where 
they are emptied into four large basins, each of 
about half a mile in circuit, and two hundred yards 
distant from the center. From these basins the 
water is continually exhaled by the sun in the day- 
time, which effectually prevents their overflowing. 
Besides, as it is in the power of the monarch to 
raise the island above the region of clouds and 
vapors, he can prevent the falling of dews and rains 
whenever he pleases. For the highest clouds can- 
not rise above two miles, as naturalists agree, at least 
they were never known to do so in that country.+ 


* A term vaguely used to express a metallic or other exces- 
sively hard substance. Sometimes it meant the diamond 
(diamond is indeed the same word under another form); 
sometimes the loadstone or magnet; but Swift evidently does 
not use it in this latter sense. 

t Clouds have been observed as high as five miles, 


258 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


At the center of the island there is a chasm, about 
fifty yards in diameter, from whence the astrono- 
mers descend into a large dome, which is therefore 
called Flandona Gagnole, or the Astronomer’s Cave, 
situated at the depth ofa hundred yards beneath 
the upper surface of the adamant. In ‘ais cave are 
twenty lamps continually burning, which from the 
reflection of the adamant cast a strong light into 


ee eS Oe ee 


every part. The place is stored with great variety 
of sextants, quadrants, telescopes, astrolabes,* and 
other astronomical instruments. But the greatest 
curiosity, upon which the fate of the island depends, 
“*¢ a loadstone of a prodigious size, in shape resem- 
bling a weaver’s shuttle. It is in length six yards, 
and in the thickest part at least three yards over. 
This magnet is sustained by a very strong axle of 
adamant passing through its middle, upon which it 
plays, and is poised so exactly that the weakest 
hand can turn it. It is hooped round with an 
hollow cylinder of adamant, four foot deep, as many 
thick, and twelve yards in diameter, placed horizon- 
tally, and supported by eight adamantine feet, each 
six yards high. In the middle of the concave side 
there is a groove twelve inches deep, in which the 


*The astrolabe was an instrument formerly used for the 
Same purposes as the sextant or the quadrant. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 259 


extremities of the axle are lodged, and turned round 
as there is occasion. 

The stone cannot be moved from its place by any 
force, because the hoop and its feet are one con- 


tinued piece with that body of adamant which con. 
stitutes the bottom of the island. 


i aN 


BALNIBARBI 


-% 


f agad 


ee tee Tae 


By means of this loadstone the island is made to 
rise and fall, and move from one place to another. 
For, with respect to that part of the earth over 
which the monarch presides, the stone is endued at 
one of its sides with an attractive power, and at the 
other with a repulsive. Upon placing the magnet 
erect, with its attracting end toward the earth, the 
island descends ; but when the repelling extremity 


260 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


points downward, the island mounts directly up. 
ward. When the position of the stone is oblique, 
the motion of the island is so too; for in this mag- 
net the forces always act in lines parallel to its 
direction. 

By this oblique motion the island is conveyed to 
different parts of the monarch’s dominions. To ex- 
plain the manner of its progress, let A B* represent 
a line drawn across the dominions of Balnibarbi, let 
the line ed represent the loadstone, of which let d 
be the repelling end, and ¢ the attracting end, the 
island being over C’: let the stone be placed in the 
position ¢ d, with its repelling end downward ; then 
the island will be driven upward obliquely toward 
D. When it is arrived at D, let the stone be turned 
upon its axle, till the attracting end points toward 
#, and then the island will be carried obliquely 
toward 4’; where, if the stone be again turned upon 
its axle, till it stands in the position # F, with its 
repelling point downward, the island will rise 
obliquely toward /, where, by directing the attract- 
ing end toward G, the island may be carried to G, 
and from @ to H, by turning the stone,-so as to 
make its repelling extremity point directly down. 


*The cut here given is copied from the illustration con- 
tained in the first edition. Balnibarbi is represented as an 
island, but is afterward spoken of as part of a continent. 


a ey ee eee 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 261 - 


ward. And thus, by changing the situation of the 
stone as often as there is occasion, the island is 
made to rise and fall by turns in an oblique direc- 
tion, and by those alternate risings and fallings (the 
obliquity being not considerable), is conveyed from 
one part of the deminions to the other. 

But it must be observed that this island cannot 
move beyond the extent of the dominions below, nor 
can it rise above the height of four miles. For 
which the astronomers (who have written large sys- 
tems concerning the stone) assign the following 
reason: that the magnetic virtue does not extend 
beyond the distance of four miles, and that the min- 
eral, which acts upon the stone in the bowels of the 
earth, and in the sea about six leagues distant from 
the shore, is not diffused through the whole globe, 
but terminated with the limits of the king’s domin- 
ions; and it was easy, from the great advantage of 
such a superior situation, for a prince to bring under 
his obedience whatever country lay within the 
attraction of that magnet. 

When the stone is put parallel to the plane of the 
horizon, the island standeth still; for, in that case, 
the extremities of it being at equal distance from 
the earth, act with equal force, the one in drawing 
downward, the other in pulling upward, and conse- 
quently no motion can ensue. 


262 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


This loadstone, under the care of certain astrono- 
mers, who, from time to time, give it such positions 
as the monarch directs. They spend the greatest 
part of their lives in observing the celestial bodies, 
which they do by the assistance of glasses, far 
excelling ours in goodness. For although their 
largest telescopes do not exceed three feet, they 
magnify much more than those of a hundred with us, 
and show the stars with greater clearness. This 
advantage hath enabled them to extend their dis- 
coveries much further than our astronomers in 
Europe: for they have made a catalogue of ten 
thousand fixed stars, whereas the largest of ours do 
not contain above one-third part of that. number.* 
They have likewise discovered two lesser stars, or 
satellites, which revolve about Mars; whereof the 
innermost is distant from the center of the primary 
planet exactly three of his diameters, and the outer- 
most, five; the former revolves in the space of ten 
hours, and the latter in twenty-one and a half; so 
that the squares of their periodical times are very 


near in the same proportion with the cubes of their — 


distances from the center of Mars; which evidently 


ee ee ee ee 


shows them to be governed by the same law of © 


* Over 320,000 stars have latterly been catalogued. 


v 
if 
3 
4 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 263 


pravitation that influences the other heavenly 
bodies.* 

They have observed ninety-three different comets, 
and settled their periods with great exactness.t If 
this be true (and they affirm it with great confi- 
dence), it is much to be wished that their observa- 
tions were made public, whereby the theory of 
comets, which at present is very lame and defective, 
might be brought to the same perfection with other 
parts of astronomy. 

The king would be the most absolute prince in 
the universe, if he could but prevail on a ministry 
to join with him; but those having their estates 
below on the continent, and considering that the 
office of a favorite hath a very uncertain tenure, 
would never consent to the enslaving of their country. 


*The existence of two satellites or moons revolving about 
Mars must have been a mere speculation of Swift’s own or of 
some astronomical friend of his. Yet strangely enough it was 
discovered in 1877 that this planet has two satellites. Their 
distances and times, however, are somewhat different from 
those given by Swift. The outer is distant 14,500 miles from 
the center of Mars, and revolves in 30 hours 14 minutes; the 
inner is 5,800 miles, and revolves in 7 hours 38 minutes. The 
diameter of Mars is about 4,400 miles. 

+Only the periods of twelve or fifteen comets are as yet 
known with any exactness; and the true nature of the bodies 
themselves is uncertain. 


264 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


If any town should engage in rebellion or mutiny, 
fall into violent factions, or refuse to pay the usuai 
tribute, the king hath two methods of reducing 
them to obedience. The first and the mildest course 
is by keeping the island hovering over such a town, 
and the lands about it, whereby he can deprive them 
of the benefit of the sun and the rain, and conse- 
quently afflict the inhabitants with dearth and dis- 
eases. And if the crime deserve it, they are at the 
same time pelted from above with great stones, 
against which they have no defense but by creeping 
into cellars or caves, while the roofs of their houses 
are beaten to pieces. But if they still continue 
obstinate, or offer to raise insurrections, he proceeds 
to the last remedy, by letting the island drop di- 
rectly upon their heads, which makes a universal 
destruction both of houses and men. However, this 
is an extremity to which the prince is seldom driven, 
neither indeed is he willing to put it in execution; 
nor dare his ministers advise him to an action, which 
as it would render them odious to the people, so it 
would be a great.damage to their own estates, which 
lie all below ; for the island is the king’s demesne. 

But there is still indeed a more weighty reason 
why the kings of this country have been always 
averse from executing so terrible an action, unless 
upon the utmost necessity. For,if the town intended 


ee 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 265 


to be destroyed should have in it any tall rocks, as 
it generally falls out in the larger cities, a situation 
probably chosen at first with a view to prevent such 
a catastrophe; or if it abound in high spires, or 
pillars of stone, a sudden fall might endanger the 
bottom or under surface of the island, which, 
although it consists, as I have said, of one entire 
adamant two hundred yards thick, might happen to 
crack by too great a shock, or burst, by approaching 
too near the fires from the houses below, as the 
backs both of iron and stone will often do in our 
chimneys. Of all this the people are well apprised, 
and understand how far to carry their obstinacy, 
where their liberty or property is concerned. And 
the king, when he is highest provoked and most 
determined to press a city to rubbish, orders the 
island to descend with great gentleness, out of a 
pretense of tenderness to his people, but indeed for 
fear of breaking the adamantine bottom, in which 
case, it is the opinion of all their philosophers, that 
the loadstone could no longer hold it up, and the 
whole mass would fall to the ground. 

By a fundamental law of this realm neither the 
king, nor either of his two elder sons, are permitted 
to leave the island; nor the queen, till she is past 
child-bearing. 


266 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER IV. 


The Author leaves Laputa, is conveyed to Balnibarbi, arrives 
at the Metropolis—A Description of the Metropolis and 
the Country adjoining—The Author hospitably received 
by a great Lord—His conversation with that Lord. 


Axtuouen I cannot say that I was ill treated in 
this island, yet I must confess I thought myself too 
much neglected, not without some degree of con- 
tempt. For neither prince nor people appeared to 
be curious in any part of knowledge, except math- 
ematics and music, wherein I was far their inferior, 
and upon that account very little regarded. 

On the other side, after having seen all the curi- 
osities of the island, I was very desirous to leave it, 
being heartily weary of those people. They were 
indeed excellent in two sciences for which I have 
great esteem, and wherein I am not unversed; but 
at the same time so abstracted and involved in 
speculation that I never met with such disagreeable 
companions. I conversed only with women, trades- 
men, flappers, and court-pages, during two months 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 267 


of my abode here; by which at last I rendered my- 
self extremely contemptible; yet these were the 
only people from whom I could ever receive a 
reasonable answer. 

I had obtained, by hard study, a good degree of 
knowledge in their language; I was weary of being 
confined to an island where I received so little 
countenance, and resolved to leave it with the first 
opportunity. 

There was a great lord at court, nearly related to 
the king, and for that reason alone used with respect. 
He was universally reckoned the most ignorant and 
stupid person among them. He had performed 
many eminent services for the crown, had great 
natural and acquired parts, adorned with integrity 
and honor; but so ill an ear for music that his 
detractors reported that he had been often known 
to beat time in the wrong place; neither could his 
tutors, without extreme difficulty, teach him to 
demonstrate the most easy proposition in the math- 
ematics. He was pleased to show me many marks 
of favor, often did me the honor of a visit, desired 
to be informed in the affairs of Europe, the laws and 
customs, the manners and learning of the several 
countries where I had traveled. He listened to me 
with great attention, and made very wise observa. 
tions on all I spoke. He had two flappers attending 


268 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


him for state, but never made use of them, except at 
court, and in visits of ceremony, and would always 
command them to withdraw when we were alone — 
together. 

I entreated this illustrious person to intercede in 
my behalf with his majesty for leave to depart, 
which he accordingly did, as he was pleased to tell 
me, with regret ; for, indeed, he had made me several 
offers very advantageous, which, however, I refused, 
with expressions of the highest acknowledgment. 

On the 16th day of February I took leave of his © 
majesty and the court. The king made me a present © 
to the value of about two hundred pounds English, 
and my protector, his kinsman, as much more, to. — 
gether with a letter of recommendation to a friend | 
of his in Lagado, the metropolis; the island being © 
then hovering over a mountain about two miles © 
_ from it, I was let down from the lowest gallery in 
the same manner as I had been taken up. | 

The continent, as far as it is subject to the 
monarch of Flying Island, passes under the general ~ 
name of Balnibarbi; and the metropolis, as I said © 
before, is called Zagado. I felt some little satisfac. — 
tion in finding myself on firm ground. I walked to : 
the city without any concern, being clad like one of © 
the natives, and sufficiently instructed to converse © 
with them. I soon found out the person’s house to ~ 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 269 


whom I was recommended, presented my letter 
from his friend, the grandee in the island, and was 
received with much kindness. This great lord, 
whose name was Munodi, ordered me an apartment 
in his own house, where I continued during my stay, 
and was entertained in a most hospitable manner. 
The next morning after my arrival he took me in 
his chariot to see the town, which is about half the 
bigness of London ; but the houses were very strange- 
ly built, and most of them out of repair. The people 
in the streets walked fast, looked wild, their eyes 
fixed, and were generally in rags. We passed 
through one of the town gates, and went about 
three miles into the country, where I saw many 
laborers working with several sorts of tools in the 
ground, but was not able to conjecture what they 
were about; neither did I observe any expectation 
either of corn or grass, although the soil appeared to 
be excellent. JI could not forbear admiring* these 
odd appearances, both in town and country; and I 
made bold to desire my conductor that he would be 
pleased to explain to me what could be meant by so 
many busy heads, hands and faces, both in the 
streets and the fields, because I did not discover any - 


* Wondering: to ‘‘admire at” is still in common use in 
America. 


270 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
good effects they produced ; but, on the contrary, I 
never knew a soil so unhappily cultivated, houses so 
ill contrived and so ruinous, or a people whose coun- 
tenances and habit expressed so much misery and — 
want. 

This lord Munodi was a person of the first rank, 
and had been some years governor of Lagado; but, — 
by a cabal of ministers, was discharged for insuf- 
ciency. However, the king treated him with tender- — 
ness, as a well-meaning man, but of a low, con- 
temptible understanding. 

When I gave free censure* of the country and its 
inhabitants he made no further answer than by — 
telling me that I had not been long enough among 
them to form a judgment; and that the different — 
nations of the world had different customs; with © 
other common topics to the same purpose. But — 
when we returned to his palace he asked me how I 
liked the building, what absurdities I observed, and 
what quarrel I had with the dress and looks of his 
domestics? This he might safely do; because every- 
thing about him was magnificent, regular and polite. 
I answered that his excellency’s prudence, quality, 
and fortune, had exempted him from those defects — 
which folly and beggary had produced in others. — 


* Opinion or judgment. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 201 


He said if I would go with him to his country house, 
about twenty miles distant, where his estate lay, 
there would be more leisure for this kind of conver- 
sation. I told his excellency that I was entirely at 
his disposal; and accordingly we set out next 
morning. 

During our journey, he made me observe the 
several methods used by farmers in managing their 
lands; which to me were wholly unaccountable : 
for, except in some very few places, I could not dis- 
cover one ear of corn or blade of grass. But in 
three hours’ traveling, the scene was wholly altered ; 
we came into a most beautiful country; farmers’ 
houses, at small distances, neatly built; the fields 
inclosed, containing vineyards, corn-grounds, and 
meadows. Neither do I remember to have seen a 
more delightful prospect. His excellency observed 
my countenance to clear up; he told me, with a 
sigh, that there his estate began, and would continue 
the same till we should come to his house. That 
his countrymen ridiculed and despised him for 
managing his affairs no better, and for setting so ill 
an example to the kingdom; which, however, was 
followed by very few, such as were old and wistful, 
and weak, like himself. 

We came at length to the house, which was indeed 
a noble structure, built according to the best ruleg 


292 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


b 


of ancient architecture. The fountains, gardens, © 
walks, avenues, and groves, were all disposed with 


exact judgment and taste. I gave due praises to 
everything I saw, whereof his excellency took not 
the least notice till after supper ; when, there being 
no third companion, he told me, with a very 
melancholy air, that he doubted he must throw 
down his houses in town and country, to rebuild 
them after the present mode; destroy all his plan- 
tations, and cast others into such a form as modern 
usage required, and give the same directions to all 
his tenants, unless he would submit to incur the 
censure of pride, singularity, affectation, ignorance, 
caprice, and perhaps increase his majesty’s dis- 
pleasure. That the admiration I appeared to be 
under would cease or diminish, when he had in- 
formed me of some particulars which, probably, I 


never heard of at court ; the people there being too 


much taken up in their own speculations to have 
regard to what passed here below. 


The sum of his discourse was to this effect: That — 


about forty years ago certain persons went up to 


Laputa, either upon business or diversion, and after — 


five months’ continuance, came back with a very 
little smattering in mathematics, but full of volatile 
spirits acquired in that airy region. That these 
persons, upon their return, began to dislike the 


F 
} 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. Q43 


management of everything below, and fell into 
schemes of putting all arts, sciences, languages, and 
mechanics, upon a new foot. To this end they pro- 
cured a royal patent for erecting an academy of 
projectors in Lagado; and the humor prevailed so 
strongly among the people, that there is not a town 
of any consequence in the kingdom without such an 
academy. In these colleges the professors contrive 
new rules and methods of agriculture and building, 
and new iustruments and tools for all trades and 
manufactures; whereby, as they undertake, one 
man shall do the work of ten; a palace may be 
built in a week, of materials so durable as to last for- 
ever without repairing; all the fruits of the earth 
shall come to maturity at whatever season we think 
fit to choose, and increase an hundred-fold more 
than they do at present; with innumerable other 
happy proposals. The only inconvenience is, that 
none of these projects are yet brought to perfection : 
- and, in the meantime, the whole country lies miser- 
ably waste, the houses in ruins, and the people with- 
out food or clothes. By all which, instead of being 
discouraged, they are fifty times more violently 
bent upon prosecuting their schemes, driven equally 
on by hope and despair: that, as for himself, being 
not of an enterprising spirit, he was content to go 
on in the old forms, to live in the houses his 


274 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


ancestors had built, and act as they did, in every 
part of life, without innovation. That some few 
other persons of quality and gentry* had done the 
same, but were looked on with an eye of contempt 
and ill-will, as enemies to art, ignorant, and ill 
commonwealth’s men,t+ preferring their own ease 
and sloth before the general improvement of their 
country. 

His lordship added, that he would not, by any 
further particulars, prevent the pleasure I should 
certainly take in viewing the grand academy, 
whither he was resolved I should go. He only 
desired me to observe a ruined building, upon the 
side of a mountain about three miles distant, of 
which he gave me this account: That he had a very 
convenient mill within half a mile of his house, 
turned by a current from a large river, and sufficient 
for his own famiiy, as well as a great number of 
his tenants. That about seven years ago a club of 
those projectors came to him with proposals to 
destroy this mill, and build another on the side of 
that mountain, on the long ridge whereof a long 
canal must be cut, for a repository of water, to be 
conveyed up by pipes and engines to supply the 
mill; because the wind and air upon a_height 


* Gentle birth. t Not men of public spirit. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 275 


agitated the water, and thereby made it fitter for 
motion ; and because the water, descending down a 
declivity, would turn the mill with half the current 
of a river whose course is more upon a level. He 
said that being then not very well with the court, 
and pressed by many of his friends, he complied 
with the proposal ; and after employing an hundred 
men for two years the work miscarried, the pro- 
jectors went off, laying the blame entirely upon 
him, railing at him ever since, and putting others 
upon the same experiment, with equal assurance of 
success, as well as equal disappointment. 

In a few days we came back to town; and his 
excellency, considering the bad character he had in 
the academy, would not go with me himself, but 
recommended me to a friend of his, to bear me com- 
pany thither. My lord was pleased to represent me 
as a great admirer of projects, and a person of much 
curiosity and easy belief; which, indeed, was not 
without truth; for I had myself been a sort ofa 
projector in my younger days. 


276 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


CHAPTER V. 


The Author permitted to see the Grand Academy of Lagado— 
The Academy largely described—The Arts wherein the 
Professors employ themselves. 


Tuis academy is not an entire single building, but 
a continuation of several houses on both sides of a 
street, which, growing waste, was purchased and 
applied to that use. 

I was received very kindly by the warden, and 
went for many days to the academy. Every room 
hath in it one or more projectors; and, I believe, I 
could not be in fewer than five hundred rooms. 

The first man I saw was of a meager aspect, with 
sooty hands and face, his hair and beard long, 
ragged, and singed in several places. His clothes, 
shirt, and skin were all of the same color. He had 
been eight years upon a project for extracting sun- 
beams out of cucumbers, which were to be put into 
vials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the 
air in raw, inclement summers. He told me he did © 
not doubt, in eight years more, he should be able 
to supply the governor’s gardens with sunshine at a : 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, vw a 


‘ 


reasonable rate; but he complained that his stock 
was low, and entreated me to give him something 
as an encouragement to ingenuity, especially since 
this had been a very dear season for cucumbers, J 
made him a small present, for my lord had furnished 
me with money on purpose, because he knew their 
practice of begging from all who go to see them. 

I saw another at work to calcine ice into gun- 
powder, who likewise showed me a treatise he had 
written concerning the malleability of fire, which he 
intended to publish. 

There was a most ingenious architect, who had 
contrived a new method for building houses, by be- 
ginning at the roof, and working downward to the 
foundation; which he justified to me by the like 
practice of those two prudent insects, the bee and 
the spider. 

There was a man born blind, who had several 
apprentices in his own condition ; their em ployment 
was to mix colors for painters, which their master 
taught them to distinguish by feeling and smelling. 
It was indeed my misfortune to find them at that 
time not very perfect in their lessons, and the pro- 
fessor himself happened to be generally mistaken. 
This artist is much encouraged and esteemed by the 
whole fraternity. 

In another apartment I was highly pleased with 


278 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


a projector who had found a device of plowing the 
ground with hogs, to save the charges of plows, 
cattle, and labor. The method is this: In an acre 
of ground you bury, at six inches distance, and eight 
deep, a quantity of acorns, dates, chestnuts, and 
other mast or vegetables, whereof those animals are 
fondest; then you drive six hundred or more of 
them into the field, where ina few days, they will 
root up the whole ground in search of their food, 
and make it fit for sowing, at the same time manur- 
ing it with their dung; it is true, upon experiment, 
they found the charge and trouble very great, and 
they had little or no crop. However, it is not 
doubted that this invention may be capable of great 
improvement. 

I went into another room where the walls and 
ceiling were all hung round with cobwebs, except a 
narrow passage for the artist to go in and out. At 
my entrance he called aloud to me not to disturb his 
webs. He lamented the fatal mistake the world 
had been so long in, of using silk-worms, while we 
had such plenty of domestic insects, who infinitely 
excelled the former, because they understood how 
to weave as well as spin. And he proposed further 
that, by employing spiders, the charge of dyeing 
silks should be wholly saved; whereof I was fully 
convinced when he showed me a vast number of 


a 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 279 


flies, most beautifully colored, wherewith he fed his 
spiders, assuring us that the webs would take a 
tincture from them; and as he had them of all hues, 
he hoped to fit everybody’s fancy, as soon as he 
could find proper food for the flies, of certain gums, 
oils and other glutinous matter, to give a strength 
and consistence to the threads.* 

There was an astronomer, who had undertaken to 
place a sun-dial upon the great weathercock on the 
town-house, by adjusting the annual and diurnal 
motions of the earth and sun, so as to answer and 
coincide with all accidental turnings by the wind. 

I visited many other apartments, but shall not 
trouble my reader with all the curiosities I observed, 
being studious of brevity. 

I had hitherto seen only one side of the academy, 
the other being appropriated to the advancers of 
speculative learning, of whom I shall say something, 
when I have mentioned one illustrious person more, 
who is called among them, “The universal artist.” 
He told us he had been thirty years employing his 


*Shortly before the time when GULLIVER’s TRAVELS were 
written a Frenchman of the name of Bon de Saint-Hilaire had 
succeeded in weaving stockings and gloves from spiders’ 
threads. Other fabrics have been made from them at various 
times, but with no success commercially. For one thing, the 
material cannot be got in sufficient quantity. 


280 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


thoughts for the improvement of human life. He 
had two large rooms full of wonderful curiosities, 
and fifty men at work. Some were condensing air* 
into a dry, tangible substance, by extracting the 
nitre, and letting the aqueous or fluid particles per- 
colate ; others softening marble for pillows and pin- 
cushions; others petrifying the hoofs of a living 
horse, to preserve them from foundering.t The 
artist himself was at that time busy upon two great 
designs ; the first, to sow land with chaff, wherein 
he affirmed the true seminal virtue to be contained, 
as he demonstrated by several experiments, which I 
was not skillful enough to comprehend. The other 
was by a certain composition of gums, minerals, and 
vegetables, outwardly applied, to prevent the 
growth of wool upon two young lambs; and he 
hoped, in a reasonable time, to propagate the breed 
of naked sheep all over the kingdom. 

We crossed a walk to the other part of the 
academy, where, as I have already said, the projec- 
tors in speculative learning resided. 

The first professor I saw was ina very large room, 
with forty pupils about him. After salutation, ob- 
serving me to look earnestly upon a frame, which 


* The true nature of air was not known in Swift’s time, 
t Getting lame by inflammation, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 281 


took up the greatest part of both the length and 
breath of the room, he said, perhaps I might won- 
der to see him employed in a project for improving 
speculative knowledge, by practical and mechanical 
operations. But the world would soon be sensible 
of its usefulness; and he flattered himself, that a 
more noble, exalted thought never sprang in any 
other man’s head. Every one knew how laborious 
the usual method is of attaining to arts and sciences ; 
whereas, by his contrivance, the most ignorant. per- 
son, at a reasonable charge, and with a little bodily 
labor, might write books in philosophy, poetry, 
politics, law, mathematics, and theology, without 
the least assistance from genius or study. He then 
led me to the frame, about. the sides whereof all his 
pupils stood in ranks. It was twenty foot square, 
placed in the middle of the room. The superficies 
was composed of several bits of wood, about the 
bigness of a die, but some larger than others. They 
were all linked together by slender wires. These 
bits of wood were covered, on every square, with 
paper pasted on them; and on these papers were 
written all the words of their language, in their 
several moods, tenses, and declensions, but without 
any order. The professor then desired me to ob- 
serve, for he was going to set his engine at work. 
The pupils, at his command, took each of them hold 


282 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


of an iron handle, whereof there were forty fixed 
round the edges of the frame, and giving them a 
sudden turn, the whole disposition of the words was 
entirely changed. He then commanded thirty-six — 
of the lads to read the several lines softly, as they 
appeared upon the frame; and where they found — 
three or four words together that might make part — 
of a sentence, they dictated to the four remaining — 
boys, who were scribes. This work was repeated 
three or four times, and, at every turn, the engine © 
was so contrived that the words shifted into new _ 
places, as the square bits of wood moved upside 
down. | 

Six hours a day the young students were employed — 
in this labor ; and the professor showed me several _ 
volumes in large folio, already collected, of broken 
sentences, which he intended to piece together, and i 
out of those rich materials, to give the world a com- i 
plete body of all arts and sciences; which, however, _ 
might be still improved, and much expedited, if the — 
public would raise a fund for making and employ- — 
ing five hundred such frames in Lagado, and oblige 
the managers to contribute in common their several _ 
collections. 

He assured me that this invention had employed 
all his thoughts from his youth; that he had emptied 
the whole vocabulary into his frame, and made the 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 283 


oO 


strictest computation of the general proportion there 
is in books between the numbers of particles, nouns, 
and verbs, and other parts of speech. 

tf made my humblest acknowledgment to this 
illustrious person for his great communicativeness ; 
and promised, if ever I had the good fortune to re- 
turn to my native country, that I would do him 
justice, as the sole inventor of this wonderful 
machine ;* the form and contrivance of which I 
desired leave to delineate upon paper. I told him, 
although it were the custom of our learned in Europe 
to steal inventions from each other, who had thereby 
at least this advantage, that it became a controversy 
which was the right owner; yet I would take such 
caution that he should have the honor entire, with- 
out a rival. 

We next went to the school of language, where 
three professors sat in consultation upon improving 
that of their own country. 

The first project was to shorten discourse, by 
cutting polysyllables into one, and leaving out verbs 
and participles, because, in reality, all things im. 
aginable are but nouns. 

The other was a scheme for entirely abolishing all 


* The early editions give a figure intended to show the con- 
struction of this machine, but it is too rude and unintelligible 
to be worth reproduction. 


284 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


words whatsoever, and this was urged as a great 
advantage in point of health as well as brevity. 
For it is plain that every word we speak is in some 
degree a diminution of our lungs by corrosion, and, 
consequently, contributes to the shortening of our 
lives. An expedient was therefore offered, that, 
since words are only names for things, it would be 
more convenient for all men to carry about them 
such things as were necessary to express the particu- 
lar business they are to discourse on. And this in- 
vention would certainly have taken place, to the great 
ease as well as health of the subject, if the women, 
in conjunction with the vulgar and illiterate, had 
not threatened to raise a rebellion, unless they 
might be allowed the liberty to speak with their 
tongues, after the manner of their ancestors; such 
constant irreconcilable enemies to science are the 
common people. However, many of the most 
learned and wise adhere to the new scheme of ex- 
pressing themselves by things, which hath only this 
inconvenience attending it, that if a man’s business 
be very great and of various kinds, he must be 
obliged, in proportion, to carry a great bundle of 
things upon his back, unless he can afford one or two 
strong servants to attend him. I have often beheld 
two of those sages almost sinking under the weight 
of their packs, like pedlars among us; who, when 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 285 


they met in the street, would lay down their loads, 
open their sacks, and hold conversation for an hour 
together, then put up their implements, help each 
other to resume their burthens, and take their 
leave. 

But for short conversations, a man may carry 
implements in his pockets, and under his arms, 
enough to supply him: and in his house he cannot 
be at a loss. Therefore the room where company 
meet who practice this art is full of all things, 
ready at hand, requisite to furnish matter for this 
kind of artificial converse. 

Another great advantage proposed by this inven- 
tion was that it would serve as a universal language, 
to be understood in all civilized nations, whose goods 
and utensils are generally of the same kind, or 
nearly resembling, so that their uses might easily be 
comprehended. And thus ambassadors would be 
qualified to treat with foreign princes, or ministers 
of state, to whose tongues they were utter strangers. 

I was at the mathematical school, where the mas- 
ter taught his pupils after a method scarce imagin- 
able to us in Europe. The proposition and demon- 
stration were fairly written on a thin wafer, with 
ink composed of a cephalic* tincture. This the 


* Affecting the head or the brain. 


296 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


student was to swallow up on a fasting stomach, and 
for three days following ate nothing but bread and 
water. As the wafer digested the tincture mounted 
to his brain, bearing the proposition along with it. 
But the success hath not hitherto been answerable, 
partly by some error in the gwantwm or composition, 
and partly by the perverseness of lads, to whom this 
bolus is so nauseous that they generally steal aside 
and discharge it upward before it can operate; 
neither have they been yet persuaded to use so long 
an abstinence as the prescription requires. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 287 


CHAPTER VI. 


A further account of the Academy—The Author proposes 
some Improvements, which are honorably received. 


In the school of political projectors I was but ill 
entertained, the professors appearing, in my judg- 
ment, wholly out of their senses; which is a scene 
that never fails to make me melancholy. These 
unhappy people were proposing schemes for pur- 
suading monarchs to choose favorites upon the score 
of their wisdom, capacity, and virtue; of teaching 
ministers to consult the public good; of rewarding 
merit, great abilities, and eminent services; of 
nstructing princes to know their true interest, by 
lacing it on the same foundation with that of their 
seople ; of choosing for employments persons qual- 
fied to exercise them; with many other wild, 
mpossible chimeras that never entered before into 
he heart of man to conceive; and confirmed in me 
he old observation, That there is nothing so 
xtravagant and irrational which some philosophers 
lave not maintained for truth. 

But, however, I shall so far do justice to this part 
f the academy as to acknowledge that all of them 


288 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


were not so visionary. There was a most ingenious 
doctor, who seemed to be perfectly versed in the 
whole nature and system of government. This 
illustrious person had very usefully employed his 
studies in finding out effectual remedies for all 
diseases and corruptions to which the several kinds 
of public administration are subject, by the vices or 
‘nfirmities of those who govern, as well as by the 
licentiousness of those who are to obey. For 
instance, whereas all writers and reasoners have 
agreed that there is a strict universal resemblance 
between the natural and the political body; can 
there be anything more evident than that the health 
of both must be preserved, and the diseases cured. 
by the same prescriptions? It 1s allowed that 
senates and great councils are often troubled with 
redundant, ebullient,* and other peccantt humors; 
with many diseases of the head, and more of the 
heart; with strong convulsions, with grievous con 
tractions of the nerves and sinews in both hands 
but especially the right; with spleen,t vertigoes, 
and deliriums; with scrofulous tumors, full of fetid, 
purulent matter; with sour, frothy ructations ;§ with 
canine appetites, | and crudeness of digestion, beside 


* Overflowing. +Unhealthy. ~  { Melancholy. 
§ Dizziness. J Belchings. 
| Voracious, but diseased appetite. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 289 


many others needless to mention. This doctor 
therefore proposed, That, upon the meeting of the 
senate, certain physicians should attend at the three 
first days of their sitting, and at the close of each 
day’s debate feel the pulses of every senator; after 
which, having maturely considered and consulted 
apon the nature of the several maladies and the 
method of cure, they should, on the fourth day, 
return to the senate house, attended by their apoth- 
ecaries, stored with proper medicines; and, before 
the members sat, administer to each of them leni- 
tives, aperitives, abstersives,* corrosives,+ restrin- 
gents, palliatives, laxatives, cephalalgics,§ icterics,{ 
apophlegmatics, | acoustics,** as their several cases 
required ; and, according as these medicines should 
operate, repeat, alter, or omit them, at the next 
meeting. 

This project could not be of any great expense to 
the public, and would, in my poor opinion, be of 
much use for the dispatch of business in those 
2ountries where senates have any share in the legis- 
lative power; beget unanimity, shorten debates, 
2pen a few mouths which are now closed, and close 
many more which are now open; curb the petulancy 


* Cleansing medicines. + Dissolvents. { Astringents. 
§ Remedies for headache. { For jaundice. | For phlegm. 
** For hearing. 


290 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


of the young, and correct the positiveness of the 
old; rouse the stupid, and damp the pert. 

Again, because it is a general complaint that the 
favorites of princes are troubled with short and 
weak memories, the same doctor proposed, That 
whoever attended a first minister, after having told 
his business with the utmost brevity and in the 
plainest words, should, at his departure, give the 
said minister a tweak by the nose, or a kick on the 
belly, or tread on his corns, or lug him thrice by 
both ears, or run a pin into him, or pinch his arm 
black and blue, to prevent forgetfulness; and at 
every levee-day repeat the same operation, til! the 
business were done, or absolutely refused. 

He likewise directed that every senator in the 
great council of a nation, after he had delivered his 
opinion, and argued in the defense of it, should be 
obliged to give his vote directly contrary ; because, 
if that were done, the result would infallibly 
terminate in the good of the public. 

When parties in a state are violent, he offered a 
wonderful contrivance to reconcile them. The 
method is this: You take an hundred leaders of 
each party, you dispose of them into couples of 
such whose heads are nearest of a size, then let two 
nice operators saw off the occiput* of each couple 


* Back part of the head. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 291 


at the same time, in such a manner that the brain 
may be equally divided. Let the occiputs thus cut 
off be interchanged, applying each to the head of his 
opposite party-man. It seems indeed to be a work 
that requires some exactness, but the professor as- 
sured us that if it were dexterously performed the 
eure would be infallible. For he argued thus: 
That the two half brains being left to debate the 
matter between themselves within the space of one 
skull, would soon come to a good understanding, 
and produce that moderation, as well as regularity 
of thinking, so much to be wished for in the heads 
of those who imagine they come into the world 
only to watch and govern its motion; and as to the 
difference of brains, in quantity or quality, among 
those who are directors in faction, the doctor assured 
us, from his own knowledge, that it was a perfect 
trifle. 

I heard a very warm debate between two profes- 
sors about the most commodious* and effectual ways 
and means of raising money, without grieving the 
subject. The first affirmed the justest method 
would be to lay a certain tax upon vices and folly ; 
and the sum fixed upon every man to be rated after 
the fairest manner by a jury of his neighbors. The 


—_ 


* Convenient or suitable, 


292 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


second was of an opinion directly contrary: To tax 
those qualities of body and mind, for which men 
chiefly value themselves ; the rate to be more or 
less, according to the degrees of excelling; the de- 
cision whereof should be left entirely to their own 
breast. The highest tax was upon men who are 
the greatest favorites of the other sex, and the 
assessments, according to the number and natures 
of the favors they have received; for which they 
are allowed to be their own vouchers. Wit, valor, 
and politeness were likewise proposed to be largely 
taxed, and collected in the same manner, by every 
person’s giving his own word for the quantum of 
what he possessed. But as to honor, justice, wis- 
dom, and learning, they should not be taxed at all, 
because they are qualifications of so singular a kind 
that no man will either allow them in his neighbor, 
or value them in himself. 

The women were proposed to be taxed according 
to their beauty and skill in dressing, wherein they 
had the same privilege with the men to be deter- 
mined by their own judgment. But constancy, 
chastity, good sense, and good nature were not 
rated, because they would not bear the charge of 
collecting. 

To keep senators in the interest of the crown, it 
was proposed that the members should rafile for 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 293 


employments; every man first taking an oath, and 
giving security that he would vote for the court, 
whether he won or no; after which, the losers had, 
in their turn, the liberty of raffling upon the next 
vacancy. Thus, hope and expectation would be 
kept alive; none would complain of broken prom- 
ises, but impute their disappointments wholly to 

Fortune, whose shoulders are broader and stronger 
than those of a ministry. 

Another professor showed me a large paper of 
instructions for discovering plots and conspiracies 
against the governments. He advised great states- 
men to examine into the diet of all suspected per- 
sons ; their times of eating, upon which side they 
lay in bed, etc. The whole discourse was written 
with great acuteness, containing many observations, 
both curious and useful for politicians; but, as I 
conceived, not altogether complete This I ven- 
tured to tell the author, and offered, if he pleased, 
to supply him with some additions. He received 
my proposition with more compliance than is usual 
among writers, especially those of the projecting 
species, professing he would be glad to receive 
further information. 

I told him that in the kingdom of Tribnia,* by 


*That is, Britain : an anagram. 


294 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


the natives called Langden,* where I had sojourned 
some time in my travels, the bulk of the people 
consist in a manner wholly of discoverers, witnesses, 
informers, accusers, prosecutors, evidences,t swear- 
ers, together with their several subservient and 
subalternt instrument, all under the color, the con- 
duct, and the pay of ministers of state and their 
deputies. The plots, in that kingdom, are usually 
the workmanship of those persons who desire to 
raise their own characters of profound politicians ; 
to restore new vigor to a crazy administration ; to 
stifle or divert general discontents; to fill their 
coffers with forfeitures ; and raise or sink the opin- 
ion of public credit as either shall best answer their 
private advantage. It is first agreed and settled 
among them what suspected persons shall be accused 
of a plot; tren effectual care is taken to secure all 
their letters and papers, and put the owners in 
chains. These papers are delivered to a set of 
artists, very dexterous in finding out the mysterious 
meanings of words, syllables, and letters; for in- 
stance, they can discover a flock of geese to signify 
a senate; a lame dog, an invader; the plague, a 
standing army; a buzzard, a prime minister; the 


* England. 


+ Persons ready to give false or malicious evidence. 
{ Inferior or subordinate. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 295 


gout, a high-priest; a gibbet, a secretary of state ; 
a sieve, a court lady; a broom, a revolution; a 
mouse-trap, an employment; a bottomless pit, a 
treasury ; a sink, a court; a cap and bells, a favor- 
ite; a broken reed, a court of justice; an empty 
tun, a general; a running sore, the administration. 

When this method fails, they have two others 
more effectual, which the learned among them call 
acrostics and anagrams. First, they can decipher 
all initial letters into political meanings. Thus, V 
shall signify a plot; B,a regiment of horse; Z, a 
fleet at sea. Or, secondly, by transposing the letters 
of the alphabet in any suspected paper, they can lay 
open the deepest designs of a discontented party. 
So, for example, if I should say in a letter to a 
friend, “Our brother Tom has just got the piles,” a 
skillful decipherer would discover that the same 
letters which compose that sentence may be analyzed 
into the following words, “ Resist—a plot is brought 
home—the tour.” And this is the anagrammatic 
-method.* 

*In the above Swift satirizes the kind of evidence that was 
brought against his friend Bishop Atterbury, who was accused 
of being engaged in a Jacobite plot, and deprived of his 
bishopric and banished. The evidence consisted largely of in- 
tercepted letters, papers written in secret writing, ete., and 
‘Was by many considered quite insufficient to incriminate 

Atterbury. 


296 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


The professor made me great acknowledgments 
for communicating these observations, and prom- 
ised to make honorable mention of me in his 
treatise. 

I saw nothing in this country that could invite 
me to a longer continuance, and began to think of 
returning home to England. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 297 


CHAPTER VII. 


The Author leaves Lagado—Arrives at Maldonada—No ship 
ready—He takes a short voyage to Glubbdubdribb—His 
reception by the Governor. 


Tux continent, of which this kingdom is a part, 
extends itself, as I have reason to believe, eastward 
to that unknown tract of America westward of 
California and north to the Pacific Ocean, which is 
not above a hundred and fifty miles from Lagado; 
where there is a good port, and much commerce 
with the great island of Luggnagg, situated to the 
northwest, about 29 degrees north latitude, and 140 
longitude. This island of Luggnagg stands south- 
eastwards of Japan, about an hundred leagues dis- 
tant. There is a strict alliance between the 
Japanese emperor and the king of Luggnagg, which 
affords frequent opportunities of sailing from one 
island to the other. I determined therefore to 
direct my course this way, in order to my return 
to Europe. I hired two mules, with a guide, to 
show me the way, and carry my small baggage. I 


298 GULLIVER’S TRA VELE. 


took leave of my noble protector, who had shown 
me so much favor, and made me a generous present 
at my departure. 

My journey was without any accident or adven- 
ture worth relating. When I arrived at the port 
of Maldonada (for so it is called), there was no ship 
in the harbor bound for Luggnagg, nor like to be 
in some time. The town is about as large as Ports- 
mouth. I soon fell into some acquaintance, and 
was very hospitably received. A gentleman of dis- 
tinction said to me, that since the ships bound for 
Luggnagg could not be ready in less than a month, 
it might be no disagreeable amusement for me totake 
a trip to the little island of Glubbdubdribb, about 
five leagues off to the southwest. He offered him- 
self and a friend to accompany me, and that I 
should be provided with a small convenient bark for 
the voyage. 

Glubbdubdribb, as nearly as I can interpret the 
word, signifies the island of sorcerers, or magicians. 

It is about one-third as large as the Isle of Wight, 
and extremely fruitful; it is governed by the head 
of a certain tribe, who are all magicians. This 
tribe marries only among each other, and the eldest 
in succession is prince or governor. He has a noble 
palace, and a park of about three thousand acres, 
surrounded by a wall of hewn stone twenty foot 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 299 


high. In this park are several smaller enclosures 
for cattle, corn, and gardening. 

The governor and his family are served and 
attended by domesties of a kind somewhat unusual. 
By his skill in necromancy, he has a power of call- 
ing whom he pleases from the dead, and command- 
ing their services for twenty-four hours, but no 
longer; nor can he call the same persons up again 
in less than three months, except upon very extra. 
ordinary occasions. 

When we arrived at the island, which was about 
eleven in the morning, one of the gentlemen who 
accompanied me went to the governor, and desired 
admittance for a stranger, who came on purpose to 
have the honor of attending on his highness. This 
was immediately granted, and we all three entered 
the gate of the palace between two rows of guards, 
armed and dressed after a very antick* manner, 
and something in their countenances that made my 
flesh creep with a horror I cannot express. We 
passed through several apartments, between sery- 
ants of the same sort, ranked on each side as before, 
till we came to the chamber of presence, where, 
after three profound obeisances and a few general 
questions, we were permitted to sit on three stools, 


near the lowest step of his highness’ throne. He 
* Odd or peculiar, or perhaps antique. 


300 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


understood the language of Balnibarbi, although it 
were different from that of his island. He desired 
me to give him some account of my travels; and to 
let me see that I should be treated without cere- 
mony, he dismissed all his attendants with a turn of 
his finger; at which tomy great astonishment, they 
vanished in an instant, like visions in a dream when 
we awake on a sudden. I could not recover myself 
in some time, till the governor assured me that I 
should receive no hurt; and observing my two com- 
panions to be under no concern, who had been often 
entertained in the same manner, I began to take 
courage, and related to his highness a short history 
of my several adventures; yet not without some 
hesitation, and frequently looking behind me to the 
place where I had seen those domestic specters. I 
had the honor to dine with the governor, where a 
new set of ghosts served up the meat, and waited 
at table. I now observed myself to be less terrified 
than I had been in the morning. I stayed till sun- 
set, but humbly desired his highness to excuse me 
for not accepting of his invitation of lodging in the 
palace. My two friends and I lay at a private 
house in the town adjoining, which is the capital of 
this little island; and the next morning we returned 
to pay our duty to the governor, as he was pleased 
to command us. 


ee oe ee eee i 


a a a ie 


ee eee 


Se SS =e 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 301 


After this manner we continued in the island for 
ten days, most part of every day with the governor, 
and at night in our lodging. I soon grew so 
familarized to the sight of spirits, that, after the 
third or fourth time, they gave me no emotion at 
all; or, if I had any apprehensions left, my curiosity 
prevailed over them. For his highness the governor 
ordered me to call up whatever persons I would 
choose to name, and in whatever numbers, among 
all the dead from the beginning of the world to the 
present time, and command them to answer any 
questions I should think fit to ask; with this con- 
dition, that my questions must be confined within 
the compass of the times they lived in. And one 
thing I might depend upon, that they would cer- 
tainly tell me truth, for lying was a talent of no use 
in the lower world. 

I made my humble acknowledgments to his 
highness for so great a favor. We were in a 
chamber, from whence there was a fair prospect 
into the park. And because my first inclination 
was to be entertained with scenes of pomp and 
magnificence, I desired to see Alexander the Great 
at the head of his army, just after the battle of 
Arbela ;* which, upon a motion of the governor’s 


* At which the Persian empire was overthrown in B.o. 331. 


202 G@ULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


finger, immediately appeared in a large field, under 
the window where we stood. Alexander was called 
up in the room; it was with great difficulty that I 
understood his Greek, and had but little of my own. 
He assured me upon his honor that he was not 


poisoned, but died of a fever by excessive drinking.* 


Next, I saw Hannibal passing the Alps, who told 
me he had not a drop of vinegar in his camp.t 

I saw Cesar and Pompey at the head of their 
troops, just ready to engage.{ Isaw the former in 
his last great triumph. I desired that the senate of 
Rome might appear before me in one large chamber, 
and a modern representative, in counterview, in 
another. The first seemed to be an assembly of 
heroes and demi-gods; the other, a knot of pedlars, 
pickpockets, highwaymen, and bullies. 


The governor, at my request, gave the sign for — 
Cesar and Brutus to advance toward us. I was — 


struck with a profound veneration at the sight of © 
Brutus, and could easily discover the most con-— 


* Alexander died of a fever which seized him after a drink- 
ing bout. There does not appear to have been any suspicion — 


of poisoning. 


+The story was that Hannibal used fire and vinegar to 


soften the rocks in making a path through the mountains. 


t At the battle of Pharsalia, B.c. 48, in which Pompey was 


completely defeated. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 303 


summate virtue, the greatest intrepidity and firm- 
ness of mind, the truest love of his country, and 
general benevolence for mankind, in every lineament 
of his countenance. I observed with much pleasure 
that these two persons were in good intelligence 
with each other; and Cesar freely confessed to me 
that the greatest actions of his own life were not 
equal, by many degrees, to the glory of taking it 
away. I had the honor to have much conversation 
with Brutus ; and was told that his ancestor, Junius, * 
Socrates, Epaminondas,t Cato the younger,t Sir 
Thomas More, and himself, were perpetually to- 
gether: a sextumvirate,§ to which all the ages of 
the world cannot add a seventh. 

It would be tedious to trouble the reader with 
relating what vast numbers of illustrious persons 
were called up, to gratify that insatiable desire I 
had to see the world in every period of antiquity 
placed before me. I chiefly fed mine eyes with be- 
holding the destroyers of tyrants and usurpers, and 


* Who was the chief means of overthrowing the regal form 
of government in Rome. 


+A famous Greek patriot and general, killed in battle 
862 B.C. 

{ An eminent Roman, who took his own life in order that 
he might not live under Cesar as supreme ruler of Rome. 


§$ Body of six men. 


304 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


the restorers of liberty to oppressed and injured 
nations. But it is impossible to express the satis- 
faction I received in my own mind, after such a 
manner, as to make it a suitable entertainment to 
the reader. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 305 


CHAPTER VIII. 


A further account of Glubbdubdribb—Ancient and Modern 
History corrected. 


Havine a desire to see those ancients who were 
most renowned for wit and learning, I set apart one 
day on purpose. I proposed that Homer and 
Aristotle might appear at the head of all their com- 
mentators; but these were so numerous that some 
hundreds were forced to attend in the court and 
outward rooms of the palace. I knew, and could 
distinguish those two heroes at first sight, not only 
from the crowd, but from each other. Homer was 
the taller and comelier person of the two, walked 
very @ xct for one of his age, and his eyes were the 
most#* :k and piercing I ever beheld.* Aristotle 
stooped much, and made use of a staff. His visage 
was meager, his hair lank and thin, and his voice 
hollow. I soon discovered that both of them were 
perfect strangers to the rest of the company, and 
had never seen or heard of them before. And I 


*The common, but very improbable, tradition is that Homer 
was blind. 


306 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


had a whisper from a ghost, who shall be nameless, 
that these commentators always kept in the most 
distant quarters from their principals, in the lower 
world, through a consciousness of shame and guilt, 
because they had so horribly misrepresented the 
meaning of those authors to posterity. introduced 
Didymus and Eustathius* to Homer, and prevailed 
on him to treat them better than perhaps they 
deserved, for he soon found they wanted a genius to 
enter into the spirit of a poet. But Aristotle was 
out of all patience with the account I gave him of 
Scotust and Ramus,t as I presented them to him ; 
and he asked them whether the rest of the tribe 
were as great dunces as themselves ? 

I then desired the governor to call up Descartes § 


* Didymus (ist century B.c.), and Eustathius (12th century 
A.D.), wrote esteemed commentaries on Homer. 

+Duns Scotus, a famous philosopher of the middle ages 
(died 1308), wrote, among many other things, a com entary 
on Aristotle. 

+ Ramus was a distinguished French scholar of the 16th 
century who wrote in opposition to Aristotle’s teaching. He 
perished in the massacre of St. Bartholomew. | 

§ Descartes (1596-1650), a French writer equally dis- 
tinguish as a philosopher and a mathematician. His vortices 
mentioned below were certain whirling motions in the ethereal 
matter of space that he conjectured to exist, and by which 
he sought to explain the motions of the heavenly bodies. 


1 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 307 


and Gassendi, with whom I prevailed to explain 
their systems to Aristotle. This great philosopher 
freely acknowledged his own mistakes in natural 
philosophy, because he proceeded in many things 
upon conjecture, as all men must do; and he 


found that Gassendi,* who had made the doctrine 


of Epicurus as palatable as he could, and the vortices 
of Descartes were equally to be exploded. He pre- 
dicted the same fate to attraction, whereof the 
present learned are such zealous assertors. He said 
that new systems of nature were but new fashions, 
which would vary in every age; and even those 
who pretend to demonstrate them from mathemati- 
cal principles, would flourish but a short period 
of time, and be out of vogue when that was deter- 
mined. 

I spent five days in conversing with many others 
of the ancient learned. I saw most of the first 
Roman emperors. I prevailed on the governor to 
call up Eliogabalus’+ cooks to dress us a dinner, 
but they could not show us much of their skill, for 


* A French philosopher and mathematician, contemporary 
with Descartes. He attacked the doctrines of Aristotle as 


_ Well as those of Descartes; and was a supporter of the philoso- 


phy of Epicurus. 
t Heliogabalus, a Roman emperor infamous for debauchery 
and gluttony, killed a.p. 222. 


308 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


want of materials. A helot of Agesilaus* made us 
a dish of Spartan broth, but I was not able to get 
down a second spoonful. 

The two gentlemen who conducted me to the island, 
were pressed by their private affairs to return in 
three days, which I employed in seeing some of the 
modern dead, who had made the greatest figure, 
for two or three hundred years past, in our own and 
other countries of Europe; and having been always 
a great admirer of old illustrious families, I desired 
the governor would call up a dozen or two of kings, 
with their ancestors in order, for eight or nine gen- 
erations. But my disappointment was grievous and 
unexpected ; for, instead of a long train with royal 
diadems, I saw in one family two fiddlers, three 
spruce courtiers, and an Italian prelate. In another | 
a barber, an abbot, and two cardinals. I have too 
great a veneration for crowned heads to dwell any 
longer on so nice a subject. But as to counts, mar- 
quises, dukes, earls, and the like, I was not so 
scrupulous. And I confess, it was not without | 
some pleasure, that I found myself able to trace the | 
particular features, by which certain families are | 
distinguished, up to their originals. Icould plainly | 


* A celebrated King of Sparta. The Spartan ‘black | 
broth ” was much spoken of in antiquity, but we do not know 
its composition. The Helots were the slaves of the Spartans. | 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 309 


discover from whence one family derives a long 
chin; why a second hath abounded with knaves for 
two generations, and fools for two more; why a 
third happened to be crack-brained, and a fourth to 
be sharpers; whence it came, what Polydore Virgil 
says of a certain great house, Wee vir fortis, nec 
femima casta;* how cruelty, falsehood, and cow- 
ardice grew to be characteristics by which certain 
families are distingished, as much as by their coat 
of arms. 

I was chiefly disgusted with modern history ; for, 
having strictly examined all the persons of greatest 
name in the courts of princes for an hundred years 
past, I found how the world had been misled by 
prostitute writers, to ascribe the greatest exploits 
in war to cowards; the wisest counsel to fools; 
sincerity to flatterers; Roman virtue to betrayers of 
their country ; piety to atheists; truth to informers ; 
how many innocent and excellent persons have 
been condemned to death or banishment, by the 
practising of great ministers upon the corruption of 
judges and the malice of faction; how many villains 
have been exalted to the highest places of trust, 
power, dignity, and profit; how great a sharein the 
motions and events of courts, counsels, and senates, 


* No man brave nor woman chaste. 


310 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


might be chailenged by the vilest persons. How 
low an opinion I had of human wisdom and integ- 
rity, when I was truly informed of the springs and 
motives of great enterprises and revolutions in the 
world, and of the contemptible accidents to which 
they owed their success ! 

Here I discovered the roguery and ignorance of 
those who pretend to write anecdotes, or secret 
history ; who send so many kings to their graves 
with a cup of poison; will repeat the discourse 
between a prince and chief minister, where no wit- 
ness was by; unlock the thoughts and cabinets of 
ambassadors and secretaries of state; and have the 
perpetual misfortune to be mistaken. Here I dis- 
covered the true cause of many great events that 
have surprised the world. A general confessed in 
my presence, that he got a victory purely by the 
force of cowardice and ill-conduct; and an admiral, 
that for want of proper intelligence he beat the 
enemy, to whom he intended to betray the fleet. 
Three kings protested to me that in their whole 
reigns they did never once prefer any person of 
merit, unless by mistake, or treachery of some 
minister in whom they confided; neither would they 
do it if they were to live again; and they showed 
with great strength of reason, that the royal throne 
could not be supported without corruption, because 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. dll 


that positive, confident, restive temper, which virtue 
infused into a man, was a perpetual clog to public 
business. 

I had the curiosity to inquire, in a particular 
manner, by what method great numbers had _ pro- 
cured to themselves high titles of honor and pro- 
digious estates ; and I confined my inquiry to a very 
modern period; however, without grating upon 
present times, because I would be sure to give no 
offense even to foreigners (for I hope the reader 
need not be told that I do not in the least intend 
my own country in what I say upon this occasion). 
A great number of persons concerned were called 
up, and, upon a very slight examination, discovered 
such a scene of infamy, that I cannot reflect upon it 
without some seriousness. Perjury, oppression, 
subornation, fraud, and the like infirmities, were 
among the most excusable arts they had to mention, 
and for these I gave, as it was reasonable, great 
allowance. But when some confessed they owed 
their greatness and wealth to the betraying of their 
country or their prince; some to poisoning ; more 
to the perverting of justice, in order to destroy the 
innocent; I hope I may be pardoned, if these dis- 
coveries inclined me a little to abate of that pro- 
found veneration which I am naturally apt to pay 
to persons of high rank, who ought to be treated 


312 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


with the utmost respect due to their sublime dignity 
by us their inferiors. 

I had often read of some great services done to 
princes and states, and desired to see the persons by 
whom those services were performed. Upon inquiry 
I was told that their names were to be found on no 
record, except a few of them whom history hath 
represented as the vilest rogues and traitors. As to 
the rest I had never once heard of them. They all 
appeared with dejected looks and in the meanest 
habit; most of them telling me they died in poverty 
and disgrace, and the rest on a scaffold or a gibbet. 

Among the rest there was one person whose case 
appeared a little singular. He had a youth about 
eighteen years old standing by his side. He told 
me he had for many years been commander of a 
ship ; and in the sea-fight at Actium,* had the good 
fortune to break throught the enemy’s great line of 
battle, sink three of their capital ships, and take a 
fourth, which was the sole cause of Antony’s flight, 
and of the victory that ensued; that the youth 


standing by him, his only son, was killed in the 


SE NALLY MOL OLN AGU NENG I ye LL 
*B. C. 31, between Octavianus (afterward the Emperor 


Augustus) and Mark Antony. Historians explain Antony’s 
flight differently : they tell us that he was so infatuated with 
Cleopatra as to follow her with some of his ships when she 
from timidity withdrew with the fleet that she had brought. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. — 313 


action. He added, that upon the confidence of 
some merit, this war being at an end, he went to 
Rome, and solicited at the court of Augustus to be 
preferred to a greater ship, whose commander had 
been killed; but, without any regard to his preten- 
sions, it was given to a boy who had never seen the 
sea. Returning back to his own vessels, he was 
charged with neglect of duty, and the ship given to 
a favorite page of Publicola, the vice-admiral ; 
whereupon he retired te a poor farm at a great 
distance from Rome, and there ended his life. I 
was so curious to know the truth of this story that 
I desired Agrippa might be called, who was admiral 
in that fight. He appeared and confirmed the 
whole account ; but with much more advantage to 
the captain, whose modesty had extenuated or con- 
cealed a great part of his merit. 

I was surprised to find corruption grown so high 
and so quick in that empire, by the force of luxury 
so lately introduced, which made me less wonder at 
many parallel cases in other countries, where vices 
of all kinds have reigned so much longer, and 
where the whole praise, as well as pillage, hath 
been engrossed by the chief commander, who, per- 
haps, had the least title to either. 

As every person called up made exactly the same 
appearance he had done in the world, it gave me 


314 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


melancholy reflections to observe how much the 
race of human kind was degenerated among us, 
within these hundred years past. 

I descended so low as to desire that some English 
yeomen of the old stamp might be summoned to 
appear, once so famous for the simplicity of their 
manners, diet, and dress; for justice in their deal- 
ings; for their true spirit of liberty ; for their valor 
and love of their country. Neither could I be wholly 
unmoved, after comparing the living with the dead, 
when I considered how all these pure native virtues 
were prostituted for a piece of money by their 
grandchildren, who, in selling their votes, and man- 
aging at elections, have acquired every vice and 
corruption that can possibly be learned in a court. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 315 


CHAPTER IX. 


The Author’s return to Maldonada—Sails to the Kingdom of 
Luggnagg—The Author confined—He is sent for to Court 
—The manner of his Admittance—The King's great Lenity 
to his Subjects. 


Tux day of our departure being come, I took 
leave of his highness, the governor of Glubbdub- 
dribb, and returned with my two companions to 
Maldonada, where, after a fortnight’s waiting, a 
ship was ready to sail for Luggnagg. The two 
gentlemen, and some others, were so generous and 
kind as to furnish me with provisions, and see me 
on board. I was a month in this voyage. We had 
one violent storm, and were under a necessity of 
steering westward to get into the trade wind, which 
holds for above sixty leagues. On the 21st of April, 
1708, we sailed into the river of Clumegnig, which 
is a seaport town at the southeast point of Lugeg- 
nagg. We cast anchor within a league of the town, 
and made a signal for a pilot. Two of them came 
on board in less than half an hour, by whom we 
were guided between certain shoals and rocks, 


316 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


which are very dangerous in the passage, to a large 
basin, where a fleet may ride in safety within a 
cable’s length of the town wall. 

Some of our sailors, whether out of treachery or 
inadvertence, had informed the pilots that I was a 
stranger and a great traveler; whereof these gave 
notice to a custom-house officer, by whom I was ex- 
amined very strictly upon my landing. This officer 
spoke to me in the language of Balnibarbi, which, 
by the force of much commerce, is generally under 
stood in that town, especially by seamen and those 
employed in the customs. I gave him a short ac- 
count of some particulars, and made my story as 
plausible and consistent as I could; but I thought 
it necessary to disguise my country, and call myself 
an Hollander, because my intentions were for Japan, 
and I knew the Dutch were the only Europeans 
permitted to enter into that kingdom.* I there- 
fore told the officer, that having been shipwrecked 
on the coast of Balnibarbi, and cast on a rock, I was 
received up into Laputa, or the Flying Island (of 
which he had often heard), and was now endeavor- 
ing to get to Japan, from whence I might find a 
convenience of returning to my own country. The 


*This was the case at the date in the text, and for long 
after. See below, note 38 . 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 31% 


officer said I must be confined till he could receive 
orders from court; for which he would write imme- 
diately, and hoped to receive an answer in a fort- 
night. I was carried to a convenient lodging, with 
a sentry placed at the door; however, I had the 
liberty of a large garden, and was treated with 
humanity enough, being maintained all the time at 
the king’s charge. ° I was invited by several persons, 
chiefly out of curiosity, because it was reported 
that I came from countries very remote, of which 
they had never heard. 

I hired a young man, who came in the same ship, 
to be an interpreter; he was a native of Luggnagg, 
but had lived some years at Maldonada, and was a 
perfect master of both languages. By his assistance 
I was able to hold a conversation with those who 
came to visit me; but this consisted only of their 
questions, and my answers. 

The dispatch came from court about the time we 
expected. It contained a warrant for conducting 
me and my retinue to Zraldragdubh, or Trildrog- 
drib, for it is pronounced both ways, as near as I 
can remember, by a party of ten horse. All my 
retinue was that poor lad for an interpreter, whom 
I persuaded into my service, and, at my humble 
request, we had each of us a mule torideon. A 
messenger was dispatched half a day’s journey before 


a 


318 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


us to give the king notice of my approach, and to 
desire that his majesty would please to appoint a 
day and hour when it would be his gracious pleasure 
that I might have the honor to lick the dust before 
his footstool. This is the court style, and I found it 
to be more than matter of form. For, upon my 
admittance, two days after my arrival, I was com- 
manded to crawl on my belly, and lick the floor as 
I advanced ; but, on account of my being a stranger, 
care was taken to have it swept so clean that the 
dust was not offensive. However, this was a 
peculiar grace, not allowed to any but persons of 
the highest rank, when they desire an admittance. 
Nay, sometimes the floor is strewed with dust on 
purpose, when the person to be admitted happens to 
have powerful enemies at court. And I have seen 
a great lord with his mouth so crammed that when 
he had crept to the proper distance from the throne 
he was not able to speak a word. Neither is there 
any remedy, because it is capital for those who 
receive an audience to spit or wipe their mouths in 
his majesty’s presence. There is, indeed, another 
custom, which I cannot altogether approve of ; 
when the king hath a mind to put any of his nobles 
to death in a gentle, indulgent manner, he commands 
the floor to be strewed with a certain brown powder 
of a deadly composition, which, being licked up, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 319 


infallibly kills him in twenty-four hours. But in 
justice to this prince’s great clemency, and the care 
he hath for his subjects’ lives (wherein it were 
much to be wished that the monarchs of Europe 
would imitate him), it must be mentioned for his 
honor that strict orders are given to have the 
infected parts of the floor well washed after every 
such execution ; which, if his domestics neglect, they 
are in danger of incurring his royal displeasure. I 
myself heard him give directions that one of his 
pages should be whipped, whose turn it was to give 
notice about washing the floor after an execution, 
but maliciously had omitted it; by which neglect a 
young lord of great hopes coming to an audience 
was unfortunately poisoned, although the king at 
that time had no design against his life. But this 
good prince was so gracious as to forgive the poor 
page his whipping, upon promise that he would do 
so no more, without special orders. 

To return from this digression ; when I had crept 
within four yards of the throne I raised myself 
gently upon my knees, and then, striking my fore- 
head seven times against the ground, I pronounced 
the following words, as they had been taught me 
the night before: Lnekpling gloffthrobb squutserumm 
blhiop mlashnalt zwin tnodbalkguffh sthiophad gurd- 
lubh asht. This is the compliment, established by 


820 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


the laws of the land, for all persons admitted to the 
king’s presence. It may be rendered into English 
thus: “May your celestial majesty outlive the sun 
eleven moons and a half!’ To this the king returned 
some answer, which, although I could not under- 
stand, yet I replied as I had been directed: Flute 
drin yalerick dwuldom prastrad mirpush, which 
properly signifies, “ My tongue is in the mouth of 
my friend ;” and by this expression was meant that 
I desired leave to bring my interpreter; whereupon 
the young man already mentioned was accordingly 
introduced, by whose intervention I answered as 
many questions as his majesty could put in above an 
hour. I spoke in the Balnibarbian tongue, and my 
interpreter delivered my meaning in that of Lugg- 
nage. 

The king was much delighted with my company, 
and ordered his blijimarklub, or high chamberlain, 
to appoint a lodging in the court for me and my in- 
terpreter, with a daily allowance for my table, and 
a large purse of gold for my common expenses. 

I stayed three months in this country, out of per- 
fect obedience to his majesty, who was pleased 
highly to favor me, and made me very honorable 
offers. But I thought it more consistent with pru- 
dence and justice to pass the remainder of my days 
with my wife and family, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 321 


CHAPTER X. 


The Luggnaggians commended—A particular Description of 
the Struldbrugs, with many Conversations between the 
Author and some eminent Persons upon that subject. 


Tue Luggnaggians are a polite and generous peo- 
ple; and although they are not without some share 
of that pride which is peculiar to all eastern coun- 
tries, yet they show themselves courteous to stran- 
gers, especially such who are countenanced by the 
court. I had many acquaintance among persons of 
the best fashion, and being always attended by my 
interpreter, the conversation we had was not dis- 
agreeable. 

One day, in much good company, I was asked by 
a person of quality whether I had seen any of their 
struldbrugs, or immortals. I said I had not, and de- 
sired he would explain to me what he meant by 
such an appellation, applied to a mortal creature. 
He told me that sometimes, though very rarely, a 
child happened to be born in a family with a red 
circular spot in the forehead, directly over the left 


322 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


eyebrow, which was an infallible mark that it should 
never die. The spot, as he described it, was about 
the compass of a silver threepence, but in the course 
of time grew larger and changed its color; for at 
twelve years old it became green, so continued till 
twenty-five, then turned to a deep blue; at forty- 
five it grew coal-black and as large as an English 
shilling, but never admitted any further alteration. 
He said these births were so rare that he did not 
believe there could be above eleven hundred struld- 
brugs, of both sexes, in the whole kingdom, of which 
he computed about fifty in the metropolis, and, 
among the rest, a young girl born about three years 
ago; that these productions were not peculiar to 
any family, but a mere effect of chance, and the 
children of the struldbrugs themselves were equally 
mortal with the rest of the people. 

I freely own myself to have been struck with in 
expressible delight upon hearing this account: and 
the person who gave it me happening to understand 
the Balnibarbian language, which I spoke very well, 
I could not forbear breaking out into expressions, 
perhaps a little too extravagant. I cried out, as in 
a rapture: Happy nation, where every child has at 
least a chance for being immortal! Happy people, 
who enjoy so many living examples of ancient vir- 
tue, and have masters ready to instruct them in the 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 823 


wisdom of all former ages! But happiest, beyond 
all comparison, are those excellent struldbrugs, who, 
born exempt from that universal calamity of human 
nature, have their minds free and disengaged, with- 
out the weight and depression of spirits caused by 
the continual apprehension of death! I discovered 
my admiration,* that I had not observed any of 
these illustrious persons at court ; the black spot on 
the forehead being so remarkable a distinction, that 
I could not have easily overlooked it; and it was 
impossible that his majesty, a most judicious prince, 
should not provide himself with a good number of 
such wise and able counselors. Yet, perhaps the 
virtue of those reverend sages was too strict for 
the corrupt and libertine manners of a court. And 
we often find by experience that young men are too 
opinionative and volatile to be guided by the sober 
dictates of their seniors. However, since the king 
was pleased to allow me access to his royal person, 
I was resolved, upon the very first occasion, to de- 
liver my opinion to him on this matter freely and 
at large, by the help of my interpreter ; and whether 
he would please to take my advice or no, yet in 
one thing I was determined, that his majesty having 
frequently offered me an establishment in this coun- 


* Showed my surprise. 


324 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


try, I would with great thankfulness accept the 
favor, and pass my life here in the conversation of 
those superior beings, the struldbrugs, if they would 
please to admit me. 

The gentleman to whom I addressed my discourse, 
because (as I have already observed) he spoke the 
language of Balnibarbi, said to me, with a sort of 
smile, which usually ariseth from pity to the igno- 
rant, that he was glad of any occasion to keep me 
among them, and desired my permission to explain 
to the company what I had spoke. He did so, and 
they talked together for some time in their own 
language, whereof I understood not a syllable, 
neither could I observe by their countenances what 
impression my discourse had made on them. After 
a short silence the same person told me that his 
friends and mine (so he thought fit to express him- 
self) were very much pleased with the judicious 
remarks I had made on the great happiness and 
advantages of immortal life, and they were desirous 
to know, in a particular manner, what scheme of 
living I should have formed to myself if it had fallen 
to my lot to have been born a struldbrug. 

I answered, it was easy to be eloquent on so 
copious and delightful a subject, especially to me, 
who had been often apt to amuse myself with vis- 
ions of what I should do, if I were a king, a general, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. B2d 


or a great lord; and upon this very case, I had fre- 
quently run over the whole system how I should 
employ myself, and pass the time, if I were sure to 
live forever. 

That, if it had been my good fortune to come into 
the world a struldbrug, as soon as I could discover my 
own happiness, by understanding the difference be- 
tween life and death, I would first resolve, by all 
arts and methods whatsoever, to procure myself 
riches. In the pursuit of which, by thrift and 
management, I might reasonably expect, in about 
two hundred years, to be the wealthiest man in the 
kingdom. In the second place, I would, from my 
earliest youth, apply myself to the study of arts and 
sciences, by which I should arrive in time to excel 
all others in learning. Lastly, I would carefully 
record every action and event of consequence, that 
happened in the public, impartially draw the char- 
acters of the several successions of princes and great 
ministers of state, with my own observations on 
every point. I would exactly set down the several 
changes in customs, language, fashions of dress, diet, 
and diversions. By all which acquirements, I should 
be a living treasury of knowledge and wisdom, and 
certainly become the oracle of the nation. 

I would never marry after threescore, but live in 
an hospitable manner, yet still on the saving side. 


326. GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


I would entertain myself in forming and directing 
the minds of hopeful young men, by convincing 
them, from my own remembrance, experience, and 
observation, fortified by numerous examples, of the 
usefulness of virtue in public and private life. But 
my choice and constant companions should be a set 
of my own immortal brotherhood ; among whom I 
would elect a dozen from the most ancient, down to 
my own contemporaries. Where any of these 
wanted fortunes, I would provide them with con- 
venient lodges round my own estate, and have some 
of them always at my table; only mingling a few 
of the most valuable among you mortals, whom 
length of time would harden me to lose with little 
or no reluctance, and treat your posterity after the 
same manner; just asa man diverts himself with 
the annual succession of pinks and tulips in his 
garden, without regretting the loss of those which 
withered the preceding year. 

These struldbrugs and I would mutually com- 
municate our observations and memorials* through 
the course of time; remark the several gradations 
by which corruption steals into the world, and 
oppose it in every step, by giving perpetual warn- 
ing and instruction to mankind ; which added to the 


* Recollections. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 327 


strong influence of our own example, would prob- 
ably prevent that continual degeneracy of human 
nature, so justly complained of in all ages. 

Add to all this, the pleasure of seeing the various 
revolutions of states and empires; the changes in 
the lower and upper world ; ancient cities in ruins, 
and obscure villages become the seats of kings ; 
famous rivers lessening into shallow brooks; the 
ocean leaving one coast dry, and overwhelming 
another; the discovery of many countries yet 
unknown; barbarity overrunning the  politest 
nations, iia the most barbarous become civilized. 
I should then see the discovery of the longitude,* 
the perpetual motion, the universal medicine,t and 
many other great inventions brought to the utmost 
perfection. 

What wonderful discoveries should we make in 
astronomy, by outliving and confirming our own 
predictions ; by observing the progress and returns 
of comets, with the changes of motion in the sun, 
moon, and stars! 

I enlarged upon many other topics, which the 
natural desire of endless life, and sublunary happi- 


* A reward had been offered by government in 1714 for the 
best method of finding the longitude at sea. 

{A medicine to cure all ailments. This was what the 
alchemists sought. 


328 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


ness, could easily furnish me with. When I had 
ended, and the sum of my discourse had been inter- 
preted, as before, to the rest of the company, there 
was a good deal of talk among them in the language 
of the country, not without some laughter at my ex- 
pense. At last, the same gentleman who had been 
my interpreter said, he was desired by the rest to 
set me right in a few mistakes, which I had fallen 
into through the common imbecility of human 
nature, and upon that allowance* was less answer- 
able for them. That this breed of struldbrugs was 
peculiar to their country, for there were no such 
people either in Balnibarbi or Japan, where he had 
the honor to be ambassador from his majesty, and 
found the natives in both those kingdoms very hard 
to believe that the fact was possible: and it appeared 
from my astonishment when he had first mentioned 
the matter to me, that I received it as a thing 
wholly new, and scarcely to be credited. That in 
two kingdoms above mentioned, where, during his 
residence, he had conversed very much, he observed 
long life to be the universal desire and wish of man- 
kind. That whoever had one foot in the grave was 
sure to hold the other as strongly as he could. 
That the oldest had still hopes of living one day 


* Excuse. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 399 


longer, and looked on death as the greatest evil, 
from which nature always prompted him to retreat. 
Only in this island of Luggnagg, the appetite for 
living was not so eager, from the continual example 
of the struldbrugs before their eyes. 

That the system of living contrived by me was 
unreasonable and unjust, because it supposed a 
perpetuity of youth, health and vigor, which no 
man could be so foolish to hope, however extrava- 
gant he may be in his wishes. That the question 
therefore was not, whether aman would choose to 
be always in the prime of youth, attended with 
prosperity and health; but how he would pass a 
perpetual life under all the usual disadvantages 
which old age brings along with it. For although 
few men will avow their desires of being immortal, 
upon such hard conditions, yet in the two kingdoms 
before mentioned, of Balnibarbi and Japan, he 
observed that every man desired to put off death 
for some time longer, let it approach ever so late ; 
and he rarely heard of any man who died willingly, 
except he were incited by the extremity of grief or 
torture. And he appealed to me, whether in those 
countries I had traveled, as well as my own, I had 
not observed the same general disposition. 

After this preface he gave me a particular account 
of the struldbrugs among them. He said they com- 


330 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


monly acted like mortals till about thirty years 
old ; after which, by degrees, they grew melancholy 
and dejected, increasing in both till they came to 
fourscore. This he learned from their own con- 
fession ; for otherwise, there not being above two 
or three of that species born in an age, they were 
too few to form a general observation by. When 
they came to fourscore years, which is reckoned the 
extremity of living in this country, they had not 
only all the follies and infirmities of other old men, 
but many more, which arose from the dreadful 
prospect of never dying. They were not only 
opinionative, peevish, covetous, morose, vain, talk- 
ative, but incapable of friendship, and dead to all 
natural affection, which never descended below their 
grandchildren. Envy and impotent desires are their 
prevailing passions. But those objects against which 
their envy seems principally directed, are the vices 
of the younger sort, and the deaths of the old. By 
reflecting on the former, they find themselves cut 
off from all possibility of pleasure; and whenever 
they see a funeral, they lament and repine that 
others are gone to an harbor of rest to which they 
themselves never can hope toarrive. They have no 
remembrance of anything but what they learned 
and observed in their youth and middle age, and 
even that is very imperfect. And for the truth or 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 331 


particulars of any fact, it is safer to depend on 
common tradition than upon their best recollections. 
The least miserable among them appear to be those 
who turn to dotage, and entirely lose their mem- 
ories; these meet with more pity and assistance, 
because they want many bad qualities which abound 
in others. 

If a struldbrug happen to marry one of his own 
kind, the marriage is dissolved of course, by the 
courtesy of the kingdom, as soon as the younger of 
the two comes to be fourscore. For the law thinks 
it is a reasonable indulgence that those who are 
condemned, without any fault of their own, to a 
perpetual continuance in the world, should not have 
their misery doubled by the load of a wife. 

As soon as they have completed the term of eighty 
years they are looked on as dead in law; their 
heirs immediately succeed to their estates, only a 
small pittance is reserved for their support; and 
the poor ones are maintained at the public charge. 
After that period they are held incapable of any 
employment of trust or profit; they cannot pur- 
chase lands, or take leases ; neither are they allowed 
to be witnesses in any cause, either civil or criminal, 
not even for the decision of meers* and bounds. 


* Boundary lines or landmarks. 


382 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


At ninety they lose their teeth and hair; they 
have at that age no distinction of taste, but eat and 
drink whatever they can get, without relish or ap- 
petite. The diseases they were subject to still con. 
tinue, without increasing or diminishing. In talking 
they forget the common appellation of things, and 
the names of persons, even of those who are their 
nearest friends and relations. For the same reason 
they never can amuse themselves with reading, be- 
cause their memory will not serve to carry them 
from the beginning of a sentence to the end: and 
by this defect they are deprived of the only enter- 
tainment whereof they might otherwise be capable. 

The language of this country being always upon 
the flux, the struldbrugs of one age do not under- 
stand those of another ; neither are they able, after 
two hundred years, to hold any conversation (further 
than by a few general words) with their neighbors, 
the mortals ; and thus they lie under the disadvan- 
tage of living like foreigners in their own country. 

This was the account given me of the struldbrugs, 
as near as I can remember. I afterward saw five or 
six of different ages, the youngest not above two 
hundred years old, who were brought to me at 
several times by some of my friends; but although 
they were told that I was a great traveler, and had 
seen all the world, they had not the least curiosity 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 333 


to ask me a question; only desired I would give 
them slumskudask, or a token of remembrance; 
which is a modest way of begging, to avoid the law, 
that strictly forbids it, because they are provided 
for by the public, although, indeed, with a very 
scanty allowance. 

They are despised and hated by all sorts of 
people. When one of them is born it is reckoned 
ominous, and their birth is recorded very partic- 
ularly : so that you may know their age by consult- 
ing the register, which, however, hath not been kept 
above a thousand years past, or at least hath been 
destroyed by time, or public disturbances. But the 
usual way of computing how old they are is by ask- 
ing them what kings or great persons they can 
remember, and then consulting history; for infal- 
libly the last prince in their mind did not begin his 
reign after they were fourscore years old. 

They were the most mortifying sight I ever 
beheld; and the women more horrible than the 
men. Besides the usual deformities in extreme old 
age, they acquired an additional ghastliness, in pro- 
portion to their number of years, which is not to be 
described; and among half a dozen I soon dis- 
tinguished which was the eldest, although there 
was not above a century or two between them. 

The reader will easily believe that, from what I 


334 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


had heard and seen, my keen appetite for perpetuity 
of life was much abated. I grew heartily ashamed 
of the pleasing visions I had formed; and thought 
no tyrant could invent a death into which I would 
not run with pleasure from such a life. The king 
heard of all that had passed between me and my 
friends upon this occasion, and rallied me very 
pleasantly ; wishing I could send a couple of struld- 
brugs to my own country, to arm our people against 
the fear of death; but this, it seems, is forbidden by 
the fundamental laws of the kingdom, or else I 
should have been well content with the trouble and 
expense of transporting them. 

T could not but agree that the laws of this king- 
dom, relating to the struldbrugs, were founded upon 
the strongest reasons, and such as any other country 
would be under the necessity of enacting in the like 
circumstances. Otherwise, as avarice is the neces- 
sary consequence of old age, those immortals would 
in time become proprietors of the whole nation, and 
engross the civil power, which, for want of abilities 
to manage, must end in the ruin of the public. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 335 


CHAPTER XI. 


The Author leaves Luggnagg, and sails to Japan—From thence 
he returns in a Dutch ship to Amsterdam, and from 
Amsterdam to England. 


I rxovenr this account of the struldbrugs might be 
some entertainment to the reader, because it seems 
to be a little out of the common way ; at least I do 
not remember to have met the like in any book of 
travels that hath come to my hands; and if I am 
deceived, my excuse must be that it is necessary 
for travelers, who describe the same country, very 
often to agree in dwelling on the same particulars, 
without deserving the censure of having borrowed 
or transcribed from those who wrote before them. 

There is, indeed, a perpetual commerce between 
this kingdom and the great empire of Japan; and 
It is very probable that the Japanese authors may 
have given some account of the struldbrugs ; but my 
stay in Japan was so short, and I was so entirely a 
stranger to that language, that I was not qualified 
to make any inquiries. But I hope the Dutch, upon 


336 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


this notice, will be curious and able enough to 
supply my defects. 

His majesty having often pressed me to accept 
some employment in his court, and finding me 
absolutely determined to return to my native coun- 
try, was pleased to give me his license to depart; 
and honored me with a letter of recommendation, 
under his own hand, to the Emperor of Japan. He 
likewise presented me with four hundred and forty- 
four large pieces of gold (this nation delighting in 
even numbers), and a red diamond, which I sold in 
England for eleven hundred pounds. 

On the 6th of May, 1709, I took a solemn leave 
of his majesty and all my friends. This prince was 
so gracious as to order a guard to conduct me to 
Glanguenstald, which is a royal port to the south- 
west part of the island. In six days I found a 
vessel ready to carry me to Japan, and spent fifteen 
days in the voyage. We landed at a small port 
town called Xamoschi, situated on the southeast 
part of Japan—the town lies on the western point, 
where there is a narrow strait leading northward 
into a long arm of the sea, upon the northwest part 


‘ 
P 


a he a gel ene 


Se 


of which, Yedo, the metropolis, stands. Atlanding — 


I showed the custom-house officers my letter from — 
the King of Luggnagg to his imperial majesty. — 


They knew the seal perfectly well; it was as broad 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 337 


as the palm of my hand. The impression was, a 
king lifting up a lame beggar from the earth. The 
magistrates of the town, hearing of my letter, 


“They knew the seal perfectly well.” 


received me as a public minister: they provided me 
with carriages and servants, and bore my charges 
to Yedo; where I was admitted to an audience, and 
delivered my letter, which was opened with great 
ceremony, and explained to the emperor by an inter- 


338 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


preter ; who then gave me notice, by his majesty’s 
order, that I should signify my request, and what- 
ever it were, it should be granted, for the sake of 
his royal brother of Luggnagg. This interpreter 
was a person employed to transact affairs with the 
Hollanders: he soon conjectured, by my counte- 
nance, that I was an European, and therefore re- 
peated his majesty’s commands in Low Dutch, 
which he spoke perfectly well. I answered, as I 
had before determined, that I was a Dutch mer- 
chant, shipwrecked in a very remote country, from 
whence I had traveled by sea and land to Lugg- 
nagg, and then took shipping for Japan; where I 
knew my countrymen often traded, and with some 
of these I hoped to get an opportunity of returning 
into Europe: I therefore most humbly entreated his 
royal favor, to give order that I should be conducted 
in safety to Nangasac.* To this I added another 
petition, that for the sake of my patron, the King 
of Luggnagg, his majesty would condescend to 
excuse my performing the ceremony imposed on my 
countrymen, of trampling upon the crucifix;+ be- 


* Nangasaki or Nagasaki, a well- -frequented seaport. 

+t The Dutch had no very good reputation in Europe at this 
time in connection with their dealings in Japan. And not 
without some justice, for they had been ready to aid the 
J apanese authoritiés in suppressing Christianity (in the form 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 339 


cause I had been thrown into his kingdom by my 
misfortunes, without any intention of trading. 
When this latter petition was interpreted to the 
emperor, he seemed a little surprised; and said he 
believed I was the first of my countrymen who ever 
made any scruple in this point; and that he began 
to doubt whether I was a real Hollander or no; but 
rather suspected I must be a Christian. However, 
for the reasons I had offered, but chiefly to gratify 
the King of Luggnagg, by an uncommon mark of 
his favor, he would comply with the singularity of 
my humor; but the affair must be managed with 
dexterity, and his officers should be commanded to 
let me pass, as it were, by forgetfulness. For he 
assured me that if the secret should be discovered 
by my countrymen the Dutch, they would cut my 


of Roman Catholicism) in the empire, and had tried to set the 
Japanese against other Europeans. Their reward was that 
they were the only foreigners admitted to trade with Japan, a 
state of matters that continued up to 1853. They were under 
the severest restrictions, however ; they were confined to a 
small island near Nangasaki, from which they could not go 
on shore without leave ; and they were prohibited from the 
observance of the Sabbath or from any outward manifestation 
of their faith. The trampling on the crucifix is a doubtful 
matter; but the Dutch, if the practice ever was in force, being 
Protestants, may have reconciled themselves to it from con: 
sidering that the crucifix savored of Popery, 


340 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


throat in the voyage. I returned my thanks, by 
the interpreter, for so unusual a favor; and some 
troops being at that time on their march to Nan- 
gasac, the commanding officer had orders to convey 
me safe thither, with particular instructions about 
the business of the crucifix. 

On the 9th day of June, 1709, I arrived 
at Nangasac, after a very long and _ trouble- 
some journey. I soon fell into the company of 
some Dutch sailors belonging to the Amboyna, of 
Amsterdam, a stout ship of four hundred and 
fifty tons. I had lived long in Holland, pur- 
suing my studies at Leyden, and I spoke Dutch 
well. The seamen soon knew from whence I came 
last: they were curious to inquire into my voyages 
and course of life. I made up a story as short and 
probable as I could, but concealed the greatest part. 
I knew many persons in Holland; I was able to in- 
vent names for my parents, whom I pretended to 
be obscure people in the province of Gelderland. I 
would have given the captain (one Theodorus Van- 
grult) what he pleased to ask for my voyage to 
Holland; but understanding I was a surgeon, he 
was contented to take half the usual rate, on condi- 
tion that I would serve him in the way of my calling. 
Before we took shipping I was often asked by some 
of the crew whether I had performed the ceremony 


GULLIVHR’S TRAVELS. 341 


above mentioned. I evaded the question by general 
answers ; that I had satisfied the emperor and court 
in all particulars. However, a malicious rogue of a 
skipper went to an officer, and pointing to me, told 
him [ had not yet trampled on the crucifix; but the 
other, who had received instructions to let me pass, 
gave the rascal twenty strokes on the shoulders 
with a bamboo; after which I was no more troubled 
with such questions. 

Nothing happened worth mentioning in this Vvoy- 
age. We sailed with a fair wind to the Cape of 
Good Hope, where we stayed only to take in fresh 
water. On the 10th of April, 1710, we arrived safe 
at Amsterdam, having lost only three men by sick- 
ness in the voyage, and a fourth, who fell from the 
foremast into the sea, not far from the coast of 
Guinea. From Amsterdam I soon after set sail for 
England, in a small vessel belonging to that city. 

On the 16th of April we put in at the Downs. I 
landed the next morning and saw, once more, my 
native country, after an absence of five years and 
six months complete. I went straight to Redriff, 
where I arrived the same day at two in the after- 
noon, and found my wife and family in good health. 


Cau h +, 
Pear ett) iia me? iat. 
ey Gr } ee BAO eed 
fe | TPE: ina ttes il PY Ril tribal dela : aes ee 4 


¥f bat a tN) hei. aati” pay eta shah Fa sek bah Tats ATA ME 
tO pcedwuss Uae rlah A aN) Wet aS ee yt mqalaghty ag: tani 
if aloo ay pe Asc cticny deh ere Bk },dqan sosryal 
i OVC a aR eL Oe ane SES, is sia 19%: Jor Awl Pant 
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PART IV. 


A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE 
HOUYHNHNMES. 


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ART FTO VARIO ST OE aera OY A 
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TN A Ale PY 6 


PART IV. 


A VOYAGE TQ THE COUNTRY OF THE 
HOUYHNHNMS. 


CHAPTER I. 


The Author sets out as Captain of a Ship—His Men conspire 
against him—Confine him a long time to his Cabin—Set 
him on shore in an Unknown Land—He travels up into 
the Country—The Yahoos, a strange sort of Animal, 
described—The Author meets two Houyhnhnms. 


I continvep at home with my wife and children 
about five months, in a very happy condition, if I 
could have learned the lesson of knowing when I 
was well. I left my poor wife, and accepted an ad- 
vantageous offer made me to be captain of the 
Adventure, a stout merchantman of three hundred 
and fifty tons: for I understood navigation well, 
and being grown weary of a surgeon’s employment 
at sea, which, however, I could exercise upon occa- 
sion, I took a skillful young man of that calling, one 
Robert Purefoy, into my ship. We set sail from 
Portsmouth upon the 7th day of September, 1710 ; 


346 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


on the 14th we met with Captain Pocock of Bristol, 
at Teneriffe, who was going to the Bay of Campechy 
to cut logwood. On the 16th he was parted from 
us by a storm; I heard, since my return, that this 
ship foundered, and none escaped but one cabin-boy. 
He was an honest man, and a good sailor, but a 
little too positive in his own opinions, which was 
the cause of his destruction, as it hath been of 
several others. For, if he had followed my advice, 
he might have been safe at home with his family, 
at this time, as well as myself. 

I had several men die in my ship of calentures,* 
so that I was forced to get recruits out of Barba- 
does and the Leeward Islands, where I touched, by 
the direction of the merchants who employed me; 
which I had soon too much cause to repent; for I 
found afterward that most of them had been buc- 
caneers.t I had fifty hands on board; and my 
orders were that I should trade with the Indians in 
the South Sea, and make what discoveries I could. 
These rogues, whom I had picked up, debauched: 


* A kind of fever said to attack seamen in hot climates. 


+ The buccaneers were little else than pirates. Their depre- 
dations, however, were chiefly confined to the Spaniards in. 
America. The name was originally given to certain French. 
refugees in the West Indies, from a Carib word meaning a, _ 
place for smoking the meat of wild .cattle.., 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 341 


my other men, and they all formed a conspiracy to 
‘seize the ship and secure me; which they did one 
morning, rushing into my cabin, and binding me 
hand and foot, threatening to throw me overboard 
if I offered to stir. I told them I was their prisoner, 
and would submit. This they made me swear to 
do, and then they unbound me, only fastening one 
of my legs with a chain, near my bed, and placed a 
sentry at my door with his piece charged, who was 
commanded to shoot me dead if I attempted my 
liberty. They sent me down victuals and drink, 
and took the government of the ship to themselves. 
‘Their design was to turn pirates, and plunder the 
Spaniards, which they could not do till they got 
more men. But first they resolved to sell the goods 
in the ship, and then go to Madagascar* for recruits, 
several among them having died since my confine- 
ment. They sailed many weeks, and traded with 
the Indians ; but I knew not what course they took, 
being kept a close prisoner in my cabin, and ex- 
pecting nothing less than to be murdered, as they 
often threatened me. 

Upon the 9th day of May, 1711, one James Welch 
came down to my cabin, and said he had orders 
from the captain to set me ashore. I expostulated 


* This island was a great haunt of pirates. 


348 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


with him, but in vain; neither would he so much as 
tell me who their new captain was. They forced 
me into the long-boat, letting me put on my best 
suit of clothes, which were as good as new, and take 
a small bundle of linen, but no arms, except my 
hanger ; and they were so civil as not to search my 
pockets, into which I conveyed what money I had, 
with some other little necessaries. They rowed 
about a league, and then set me down on a strand. 
I desired them to tell me what country it was. 
They all swore they knew no more than myself ; 
but said that the captain (as they called him) was 
resolved, after they sold the lading, to get rid of me 
in the first place where they could discover land. 
They pushed off immediately, advising me to make 
haste, for fear of being overtaken by the tide, and 
so bade me farewell. 

In this desolate condition I advanced forward, 
and soon got upon firm ground, where I sate down 
on a bank to rest myself, and consider what I had 
best todo. When I was a little refreshed I went 


up into the country, resolving to deliver myself to 


the first savages I should meet, and purchase my 


life from them by some bracelets, glass rings, and 


other toys, which sailors usually provide themselves 


with in those voyages, and whereof I had some 


about me. The land was divided by long rows of 


ee 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 349 


trees, not regularly planted, but naturally growing ; 
there was great plenty of grass, and several fields of 
oats. I walked very circumspectly, for fear of 
being surprised or suddenly shot with an arrow 
from behind, or on either side. I fell into a beaten 
road, where I saw many tracks of human feet, and 
some of cows, but most of horses. At last I beheld 
several animals in a field, and one or two of the 
same kind sitting in trees. Their shape was very 
singular and deformed, which a little discomposed 
me, so that I lay down behind a thicket to observe 
them better. Some of them coming forward near 
the place where I lay, gave me an opportunity of 
distinctly marking their form. Their heads and 
‘breasts were covered with a thick hair, some 
frizzled, and others lank; they had beards like 
goats, and a long ridge of hair down their backs, 
and the foreparts of their legsand feet; but the 
rest of their bodies was bare, so that I might see 
their skins, which were ofa brown buff color. They 
had no tails. They often sate on the ground, as 
well as lying down, and often stood on their hind 
feet. They climbed high trees as nimbly as a 
squirrel, for they had strong extended claws, before 
and behind, terminating in sharp points, and 
hooked. They would often spring, and bound and 
leap, with prodigious agility. The females were 


350 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


not so large as the males; they had long lank hair 
on their head, but none on their faces, nor anything 
more than a sort of down on the rest of their bodies. 
Their dugs hung between their forefeet, and often 
reached almost to the ground as they walked. The 
hair of both sexes was of several colors—brown, red, 
black, and yellow. Upon the whole, I never be- 
held, in all my travels, so disagreeable an animal, 
nor one against which I naturally conceived so 
strong an antipathy. So that, thinking I had seen 
enough, full of contempt and aversion, I got up, and 
pursued the beaten road, hoping it might direct me 
to the cabin of some Indian. I had not gone far 
when I met one of these creatures full in my way, 
and coming up directly tome. The ugly monster, 
when he saw me, distorted several ways every 
feature of his visage, and stared, as at an object he 
had never seen before; then approaching nearer, 
lifted up his forepaw, whether out of curiosity or 
mischief, I could not tell: but I drew my hanger, 
and gave him a good blow with the flat side of it; 
for I durst not strike him with the edge, fearing the 
inhabitants might be provoked against me, if they 
should come to know that I had killed or maimed 
any of their cattle. When the beast felt the smart, 
he drew back, and roared so loud that a herd of at 
least forty came flocking about me from the mext 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 351 


field, howling, and making odious faces; but I ran 
to the body of a tree, and leaning my back against 
it, kept them off by waving my hanger. 

In the midst of this distress I observed them all 
to run away on a sudden as fast as they could; at 
which I ventured to leave the tree, and pursue the 
road, wondering what it was that could put them 
into this fright. But, looking on my left hand, I 
saw a horse walking softly in the field, which my 
persecutors having sooner discovered was the cause 
of their flight. The horse started a little when he 
came near me, but, soon recovering himself, looked 
full in my face, with manifest tokens of wonder. 
He viewed my hands and feet, walking round me 
several times. I would have pursued my journey, 
but he placed himself directly in the way, yet, look- 
ing with a very mild aspect, never offering the least 
violence. We stood gazing at each other for some 
time ; at last I took the boldness to reach my hand 
toward his neck, with a design to stroke it, using 
the common style and whistle of jockeys when they 
are going to handle a strange horse. But this 
animal seemed to receive my civilities with disdain, 
shook his head, and bent his brows, softly raising 
up his right forefoot to remove my hand. Then he 
neighed three or four times, but in so different a 


352 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


cadence that I almost began to think he was speak. 
ing to himself in some language of his own. 

While he and I were thus employed another horse 
came up, who, applying himself to the first in a very 
formal manner, they gently struck each other’s right 
hoof before, neighing several times by turns, and vary: 
ing the sound, which seemed to be almost articulate 
They went some paces off, as if it were to confei 
together, walking side by side, backward and for 
ward, like persons deliberating upon some affair oi 
weight, but often turning their eyes toward me, as 
it were to watch that I might not escape. I was 
amazed to see such actions and behavior in brute 
beasts, and concluded with myself that if the inhab 
itants of this country were endued with a proportion 
able degree of reason they must needs be the wises' 
people upon earth. This thought gave me so muck 
comfort that I resolved to go forward until I coule 
discover some house or village, or meet with any 0. 
the natives, leaving the two horses to discourse to 
gether as they pleased. But the, first, who was ‘ 
dapple gray, observing me to steal off, neighed afte 
me in so expressive a tone that I fancied myself t 
understand what he meant; whereupon I turnec 
back, and came near to him, to expect his furthe 


commands, but concealing my fear as much as . 
could, for I began to be in some pain how this ad 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 353 


venture might terminate; and the reader will easily 
believe I did not much like my present situation. 
The two horses came up close to me, looking with 
great earnestness upon my face and hands. The 
gray steed rubbed my hat all round with his right 
forehoof, and discomposed it so much that I was 
forced to adjust it better, by taking it off, and 
settling it again; whereat both he and his com- 
panion (who was a brown bay) appeared to be 
much surprised: the latter felt the lappet of my 
coat, and, finding it to hang loose about me, they 
both looked with new signs of wonder. He stroked 
my right hand, seeming to admire the softness and 
color, but he squeezed it so hard between his hoof 
and his pastern that I was forced to roar; after 
which they both touched me with all possible ten- 
derness. They were under great perplexity about 
my shoes and stockings, which they felt very often, 
neighing to each other, and using various gestures, 
not unlike those of a philosopher when he would 
attempt to solve some new and difficult phenomenon. 
Upon the whole the behavior of these animals 
was so orderly and rational, so acute and judicious, 
that I at last concluded they must needs be magi- 
clans, who had thus metamorphosed themselves upon 
some design, and, seeing a stranger in the way, 
were resolved to divert themselves with him, or 


354 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


perhaps were really amazed at the sight of a man 

so very different in habit, feature, and complexion, 
from those who might probably live in so remote a 
climate. Upon the strength of this reasoning I 
ventured to address them in the following manner: 
“Gentlemen, if you be conjurors, as I have good. 
cause to believe, you can understand any language; 
therefore I make bold to let your worships know 
that I am a poor, distressed Englishman, driven by 
his misfortunes upon your coast; and I entreat one | 
of you to let me ride upon his back, as if he were a | 
real horse, to some house or village where I can be 
relieved. In return of which favor I will make you 
a present of this knife and bracelet” (taking them 
out of my pocket). The two creatures stood silent ) 
while I spoke, seeming to listen with great atten- 
tion ; and when I had ended they neighed frequently | 
ae each other, as if they were engaged in 
serious conversation. I plainly observed that their 
language expressed the passions very well, and their. | 
words might, with little pains, be resolved into an 

alphabet more easily than the Chinese. 

I could frequently distinguish the word Yahoo, 
which was repeated by each of them several times ; | 
and, although it was impossible for me to conjecture 
what it meant, yet, while the two horses were busy 
in conversation, I endeavored to practice this word 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 355 


upon my tongue; and as soon as they were silent I 
boldly pronounced Yahoo in a loud voice, imitating 
at the same time, as near as I could, the neighing of 
a horse, at which they were both visibly surprised ; 
and the gray repeated the same word twice, as if 
he meant to teach me the right accent; wherein I 
spoke after him as well as I could, and found myself 
perceivably to improve every time, though very far 
from any degree of perfection. Then the bay tried 
me with a second word, much harder to be pro- 
nounced, but, reducing it to the English orthography, 
it may be spelt thus, Houyhnhnm. I did not succeed 
in this so well as in the former; but after two or 
three further trials I had better fortune, and they 
both appeared amazed at my capacity. 

After some further discourse, which I then con- 
jectured might relate to me, the two friends took 
their leaves, with the same compliment of striking 
each other’s hoof, and the gray made me signs that 
I should walk before him; wherein I thought it 
prudent to comply, till I could find a better director. 
When I offered to slacken my pace, he would cry, 
hhuun, hhuun. I guessed his meaning, and gave 
him to understand, as well as I could, that I was 
weary, and not able to walk faster; upon which he 
would stand a while to let me rest. 


356 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER IL. 


The Author conducted by a Houyhnhnm to his House—The 
House described—The Author’s reception—The Food of 
the Houyhnhnms—The Author in distress for want of 
Meat—Is at last relieved—His manner of feeding in this, 


Country. 


Havine traveled about three miles, we came to a 
long kind of building, made of timber stuck in the 
ground, and wattled across; the roof was low, and 
covered with straw. I now began to be a little 
comforted, and took out some toys, which travelers 
usually carry for presents to the savage Indians of 
America, and other parts, in hopes the people of the 
house would be thereby encouraged to receive me 
kindly. The horse made mea sign to go in first. 
It was a large room, with a smooth clay floor, and 
a rack and manger extending the whole length om 
one side. There were three nags and two mares, 
not eating, but some of them sitting down upon 
their hams, which I very much wondered at, but 
wondered more to see the rest employed in domestie 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 357 


business : these seemed but ordinary cattle. How- 
ever, this confirmed my first opinion, that a people 
who could so far civilize brute animals must needs 
excel in wisdom all the nations of the world. The 
gray came in just after, and thereby prevented any 
ill treatment which the others might have given 
me. He neighed to them several times in a style of 
authority, and received answers. 

Beyond this room there were three others, reach- 
ing the length of the house, to which you passed 
through three doors, opposite to each other, in the 
manner of a vista: we went through the second 
room toward the third. Here the gray walked in 
first, beckoning me to attend ; I waited in the second 
Toom, and got ready my presents for the master 
and mistress of the house; they were two knives, 
three bracelets of false pearls, a small looking-glass, 
and a bead necklace. The horse neighed three or 
four times, and I waited to hear some answers in a 
human voice, but I observed no other returns than 
‘in the same dialect, only one or two a little shriller 
than his. I began to think that this house must be- 
long to some person of great note among them, 
because there appeared so much ceremony before I 
could gain admittance. But, that a man of quality 
Should be served all by horses, was beyond my com- 
prehension. I feared my brain was disturbed by 


358 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


my sufferings and misfortunes. I roused myself, 
and looked about me in the room where I was left 
alone; this was furnished like the first, only after a | 
more elegant manner. I rubbed my eyes often, but 
the same objects still occurred. I pinched my arms 
and sides to awake myself, hoping I might be ina 
dream. I then absolutely concluded that all these 
appearances could be nothing else but necromancy 
and magic. But I had no time to pursue these 
reflections ; for the gray horse came to the door, 
and made me a sign to follow him into the third 
room, where I saw a very comely mare, together 
with a colt and foal, sitting up on their haunches 
upon mats of straw, not unartfully made, and per- 
fectly neat and clean. 

The mare, soon after my entrance, rose from her 
mat, and coming up close, after having nicely ob- 
served my hands and face, gave me a most con- 
temptuous look, then turning to the horse, I heard 
the word Yahoo often repeated betwixt them, the 
meaning of which word I could not then compre- 
hend, although it was the first I had learned to} 
pronounce. but I was soon better informed, to my. 
everlasting mortification; for the horse, beckoning 
to me with his head and repeating the word hhwun, 
Ahwun, as he did upon the road, which I understood 
was to attend him, led me out into a kind of court, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 359 


where was another building at some distance from 
the house. Here we entered, and I saw three 
of those detestable creatures which I first met 
after my landing, feeding upon roots and the flesh 
of some animals, which I afterward found to be that 
of asses and dogs, and now and then a cow, dead 
by accident or disease. They were all tied by the 
neck with strong withes fastened to a beam; they 
held their food between the claws of their forefeet, 
and tore it with their teeth. 

The master horse ordered a sorrel nag, one of his 
‘servants, to untie the largest of these animals, and 
take him into the yard. The beast and I were 
brought close together, and our countenances dili- 
gently compared, both by master and servant, 
‘who thereupon repeated several times the word 

Yahoo. My horror and astonishment are not to be 
described when I observed in this abominable ani- 
mala perfect human figure; the face of it indeed 
was flat and broad, the nose depressed, the lips 
large, and the mouth wide; but these differences are 
common to all savage nations, where the lineaments 
of the countenance are distorted by the natives 
suffering their infants to lie groveling on the earth, 
or by carrying them on their backs, nuzzling with 
their face against the mother’s shoulders. The fore- 
feet of the Yahoo differed from my hands in noth- 


360 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


ing else but the length of the nails, the coarseness 
and brownness of the palms, and the hairiness on the 
backs. There was the same resemblance between 


‘*The beast and I were SEY, close together, and our countenances 
diligently compared.” 
our feet, with the same differences which I knew 
very well, though the horses did not, because of my 
shoes and stockings ; the same in every part of oul 
bodies, except as to hairiness and color, which I have 
already described. i 
The great difficulty that seemed to stick with the 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 361 


two horses was to see the rest of my body so very 
different from that of a Yahoo; for which I was 
obliged to my clothes, whereof they had no concep- 
tion. The sorrel nag offered me a root, which he 
held (after their manner, as we shall describe in its 
proper place) between his hoof and pastern. I took 
it in my hand, and, having smelled it, returned it to 
him again as civilly as I could. He brought out of 
the Yahoo’s kennel a piece of ass’ flesh; but it 
smelled so offensively that I turned from it with 
loathing : he then threw it to the Yahoo, by whom 
it was greedily devoured. He afterward showed 
me a wisp of hay, and a fetlock* full of oats; but I 
shook my head, to signify that neither of these were 
food forme. And indeed I now apprehended that 
I must absolutely starve if I did not get to some of 
my own species; for, as to those filthy Yahoos, 
although there were few greater lovers of mankind 
at that time than myself, yet I confess I never saw 


any sensitive being so detestable on all accounts; 


and the more I came near them the more hateful 
they grew, while I stayed in that country. This 
the master horse observed by my behavior, and 
therefore sent the Yahoo back to his kennel. He 


* What Swift means by this word is doubtful. Its proper 
signification is the tuft of long hair on a horse’s pastern. 


362 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


then put his forehoof to his mouth, at which I was © 
much surprised, although he did it with ease, and | 
with a motion that appeared perfectly natural; and 
made other signs to know what I would eat; but I | 
could not return him such an answer as he was able 
to apprehend; and if he had understood me, I did © 
not see how it was possible to contrive any way for — 
finding myself nourishment. While we were thus 
engaged I observed a cow passing by, whereupon I © 
pointed to her, and expressed a desire to go and — 
milk her. This had its effect; for he led me back — 
into the house, and ordered a mare servant to open © 
a room, where a good store of milk lay in earthen 4 
and wooden vessels, after a very orderly and cleanly | 
manner. She gave mea large bowlful, of which I 
drank very heartily, and found myself well re-— 
freshed. : 
About noon I saw coming toward the house a i 
xind of vehicle drawn like a sledge by four Yahoos. i 
There was in it an old steed, who seemed to be of 
quality ; he alighted with his hind feet forward, | 
having by accident got a hurt in his left forefoot. | 
He came to dine with our horse, who received him — x 


with great civility. They dined in the best room, 
and had oats boiled in milk for the second course, : 
which the old horse eat warm, but the rest cold. — 
Their mangers were placed circular in the middle 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 363 


of the room, and divided into several partitions, 
round which they sate on their haunches upon 
bosses of straw. In the middle was a large rack, 
with angles answering to every partition of the 
manger ; so that each horse and mare ate their own 
hay, and their own mash of oats and milk, with 
much decency and regularity. The behavior of the 
young colt and foal appeared very modest, and that 
of the master and mistress extremely cheerful and 
complaisant to their guest. The gray ordered me 
to stand by him; and much discourse passed _ be- 
tween him and his friend concerning me, as I found 
by the stranger’s often looking on me, and the fre- 
quent repetition of the word Yahoo. 

I happened to wear my gloves, which the master 
gray observing, seemed perplexed, discovering signs 
of wonder what I had done to my forefeet. He put 
his hoof three or four times to them, as if he would 
signify that I should reduce them to their former 
shape ; which I presently did, pulling off both my 
gloves, and putting them into my pocket. This oc- 
casioned further talk: and I saw the company was 
pleased with my behavior, whereof I soon found 
the good effects. I was ordered to speak the few 
words I understood ; and while they were at dinner, 
the master taught me the names for oats, milk, fire, 
water, and some others, which I could readily pro- 


564 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


nounce after him, having from my youth a great 
facility in learning languages. 

When dinner was done, the master horse took me 
aside, and by signs and words made me understand 
the concern he was in that I had nothing to eat. 
Oats in their tongue are called Alunnh. This word 
I pronounced two or three times; for although I 
had refused them at first, yet, upon second thoughts, 
I considered that I could contrive to make of them 
a kind of bread, which might be sufficient, with 
milk, to keep me alive till I could make my escape 
to some other country, and to creatures of my own 
species. The horse immediately ordered a white 
mare-servant of his family to bring me a good 
quantity of oats in a sort of wooden tray. These I 
heated before the fire, as well as I could, and rubbed 
them till the husks came off, which I made a shift 
to winnow from the grain: I ground and beat them 
between two stones, then took water, and made 
them into a paste or cake, which I toasted at the 
fire, and eat warm with milk. It was at first a 
very insipid diet, though common enough in many 
parts of Europe, but grew tolerable by time; and 
having been often reduced to hard fare in my life, 
this was not the first experiment I had made, how 
easily nature is satisfied. And I cannot but observe 
that I never had one hour’s sickness while I stayed © 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 365 


in this island. ’Tis true, I sometimes made a shift 
to catch a rabbit, or bird, by springes made otf 
Yahoos’ hairs; and I often gathered wholesome 
herbs, which I boiled, or eat as salads with my 
bread; and now and then, for a rarity, I made a 
little butter, and drank the whey. I was at first at 
a great loss for salt, but custom soon reconciled me 
to the want of it: and I am confident that the fre- 
quent use of salt among us is an effect of luxury, 
and was first introduced only as a provocative to 
drink, except where it is necessary for preserving of 
flesh in long voyages, or in places remote from great 
markets : for we observe no animal to be fond of it 
but man :* and as to myself, when I left this coun- 
try, it was a great while before I could endure the 
taste of it in anything that I eat. 

This is enough to say upon thesubject of my diet, 
wherewith other travelers fill their books, as if the 
readers were personally concerned whether we fare 
well or ill. However, it was necessary to mention 
this matter, lest the world should think it impossible 
that I could find sustenance for three years in such 
a country, and among such inhabitants. 

When it grew toward evening, the master horse 


*This is quite a mistake; cattle, sheep, horses, etc., are 
very fond of it. 


366 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


ordered a place for me to lodge in: it was but six 
yards from the house, and separated from the stable 
of the Yahoos. Here I got some straw, and cover- 
ing myself with my own clothes, slept very sound. 
But I was in a short time better accommodated, as 
the reader shall know hereafter, when I come to 
treat more particularly about my way of living. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 36? 


CHAPTER III. 


The Author studies to learn the Language—The Houyhnhnm, 
his Master, assists in teaching him—The Language 
described—Several Houyhnhnms of quality come out of 
curiosity to see the Author—He gives his Master a short 
account of his Voyage. 


My principal endeavor was to learn the language, 
which my master (for so I shall henceforth call 
him) and his children, and every servant of his 
house, were desirious to teach me: for they looked 
upon it as a prodigy that a brute animal should dis- 
cover such marks of a rational creature. I pointed 

to everything, and inquired the name of it, which I 
wrote down in my journal-book when I was alone: 
and corrected my bad accent by desiring those of 
the family to pronounce it often. In this employ- 
ment a sorrel nag, one of the under-servants, was 
very ready to assist me. 

In speaking, they pronounce through the nose and 
throat; and their language approaches nearest to 
the High Dutch, or German, of any I know in 
Europe; but is much more graceful and significant, 


368 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


The Emperor Charles V. made almost the same 
observation when he said that if he were to speak 
to his horse it should be in High Dutch. 

The curiosity and impatience of my master were 
so great that he spent many hours of his leisure to 
instruct me. He was convinced (as he afterward 
told me) that I must be a Yahoo; but my teachable- 
ness, civility, and cleanliness astonished him; which 
were qualities altogether opposite to those animals. 
He was most perplexed about my clothes, reasoning 
sometimes with himself, whether they were a part 
of my body; for I never pulled them off till the 
family were asleep, and got them on before they 
waked in the morning. My master was eager to 
learn from whence I came; how I acquired those 
appearances of reason which I discovered in all my 
actions; and to know my story from my own 
mouth; which he hoped he should soon do, by the 
great proficiency I made in learning and _pro- 
nouncing their words and sentences. To help my 
memory, I formed all I learned into the English 
alphabet, and writ the words down, with the trans- 
lations. This last, after some time, I ventured 
to do in my master’s presence. It cost me much 
trouble to explain to him what I was doing; for the 
inhabitants have not the least idea of books and 
literature. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 369 


In about ten weeks’ time I was able to understand 
most of his questions, and in three months could 
give him some tolerable answers. He was extremely 
curious to know from what part of the country I 
came, and how I was taught to imitate a rational 
creature; because the Yahoos (whom he saw I ex- 
‘actly resembled in my head, hands, and face, that 
were only visible), with some appearance of cunning, 
and the strongest disposition to mischief, were 
observed to be the most unteachable of all brutes. I 
answered that I came over the sea, from a far place, 
with many others of my own kind, in a great 
hollow vessel, made of the bodies of trees: that my ~ 

“companions forced me to land on this coast, and 
then left me to shift for myself. It was with some 
difficulty, and by the help of many signs, that I 
brought him to understand me. He replied that I 
must needs be mistaken, or that I said the thing 
which was not; for they have no word in their 
‘language to express lying or falsehood. He knew 
‘it was impossible that there could be a country 
‘beyond the sea, or that a parcel of brutes could 
‘Move a wooden vessel whither they pleased upon 
‘water. He was sure no Houyhnhnm alive could 
make such a vessel, nor would trust Yahoos to 
manage it. 

The word Howyhnhnm, in their tongue, signifies 


370 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


a horse, and, in its etymology, the perfection of 
nature. I told my master that I was at a loss for 
expression, but would improve as fast as I could; 
and hoped in a short time I should be able to tell 
him wonders. He was pleased to direct his own 
mare, his colt and foal, and the servants of the 
family, to take all opportunities of instructing me}; 
and every day, for two or three hours, he was at the 
same pains himself. Several horses and mares of 
quality in the neighborhood came often to our 
house, upon the report spread of a wonderful Yahoo 
that could speak like a Houyhnhnm, and seemed, in 
his words and actions, to discover some glimmerings 
of reason. These delighted to converse with me; 
they put many questions, and received such answers 
as I was able to return. By all these advantages I 
made so great a progress that in five months from 
my arrival I understood whatever was spoke, and 
could express myself tolerably well. 

The Houyhnhnms, who came to visit my master 
out of a design of seeing and talking with me, could 
hardly believe me to be a right Yahoo, because my 
body had a different covering from others of my 
kind. They were astonished to observe me without 
the usual hair or skin, except on my head, face, and 
hands; but I discovered that secret to my master, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 371 


‘ 


upon an accident which happened about a fortnight 
before. 

I have already told the reader that every night, 
when the family were gone to bed, it was my cus- 
tom to strip, and cover myself with my clothes. It 
happened, one morning early, that my master sent 
for me by the sorrel nag, who was his valet. When 
he came I was fast asleep, my clothes fallen off on 
one side. I awaked at the noise he made, and 
observed him to deliver his message in some dis- 
order; after which he went to my master, and in a 
great fright gave him a very confused account of 
what he had seen. This I presently discovered ; for, 
going, as soon as I was dressed, to pay my attend- 
ance upon his honor, he asked me the meaning of 
what his servant had reported, that I was not the 
same thing when I slept as I appeared to be at 
other times. 


I had hitherto concealed the secret of my dress, 
‘in order to distinguish myself, as much as I could, 
‘from the cursed race of Yahoos; but now I found it 
‘in vain to do so any longer. Besides, I considered 
‘that my clothes and shoes would soon wear out, 
which already were in a declining condition, and 
must be supplied by some contrivance, from the 
‘hides of Yahoos, or other brutes; whereby the 
whole secret would be known. I therefore toid my 


372 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


master that in the country from whence I came 
those of my kind always covered their bodies with 
the hairs of certain animals, prepared by art, as well 
for decency as to avoid the inclemencies of air, both 
hot and cold. 


I expressed my uneasiness at his giving me so © 


often the appellation of Yahoo, an odious animal, 
for which I had so utter an hatred and contempt: I 
begged he would forbear applying that word to me, 
and make the same order in his family and among 
his friends whom he suffered to see me. I requested 
likewise that the secret of my having a false cover- 
ing to my body might be known to none but him- 
self, at least as long as my present clothing should 
last; for, as to what the sorrel nag, his valet, had 
observed, his honor might command him to con- 
ceal it. 

All this my master very graciously consented to; 
and thus the secret was kept till my clothes began 


to wear out, which I was forced to supply by several — 


contrivances that shall hereafter be mentioned. In 
the meantime he desired I would go on with my 


utmost diligence to learn their language, because he 


was more astonished at my capacity for speech and 


reason than at the figure of my body, whether it 
were covered or no; adding that he waited with 


some impatience to hear the wonders which I 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. WES, 


promised to tell him. From thenceforward he 
doubled the pains he had been at to instruct me; he 
brought me into all company, and made them treat 
‘me with civility ; because, as he told them privately, 
this would put me into good humor and make me 
more diverting. 

Every day, when I waited on him, beside the 
trouble he was at in teaching, he would ask me sev- 
eral questions concerning myself, which I answered 
as well as I could; and by these means he had 
already received some general ideas, though very 
imperfect. It would be tedious to relate the several 
steps by which I advanced to a more regular con- 
versation ; but the first account I gave of myself in 
any order and length was to this purpose: 

That I came from a very far country, as I had 
already attempted to tell him, with about fifty more 
of my own species; that we traveled upon the seas 
in a great, hollow vessel made of wood, and larger 
than his honor’s house. I described the ship to him 
in the best terms I could, and explained, by the help 
of my handkerchief displayed, how it was driven 

forward by the wind. That, upon a quarrel among 
us, I was set on shore on this coast, where I walked 
forward, without knowing whither, till he delivered 
me from the persecution of those execrable Yahoos. 
He asked me who made the ship, and how it was 


374 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


possible that the Houyhnhnms of my country would 
leave it to the management of brutes? My answer 
was, that I durst proceed no further in my relation, 
unless he would give me his word and honor that he 
would not be offended, and then I would tell him 
the wonders I had so often promised. He agreed, 
and I went on by assuring him that the ship was 
made by creatures like myself; who, in all the 
countries I had traveled, as well as in my own, were 
the only governing rational animals: and that, upon 
my arrival hither, I was as much astonished to see 
the Houyhnhmns act like rational beings as he, or 
his friends, could be in finding some marks of reason 
in a creature he was pleased to call a Yahoo; to 
which I owned my resemblance in every part, but 
could not account for their degenerate and brutal 
nature. I said further that if good fortune ever 
restored me to my native country, to relate my 
travels hither, as I resolved to do, everybody would 
believe that I said the thing which was not, that I in- 
vented the story out of my own head; and (with all 
possible respect to himself, his family and friends, 
and under his promise of not being offended) our 
countrymen would hardly think it probable that a 
Houyhnhnm should be the presiding creature of a 
nation, ard a Yahoo the brute. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 37d 


CHAPTER IV. 


The Houyhnhnms’ notion of Truth and Falsehood—The 
Author’s discourse disapproved by his Master — The 
Author gives a more particular account of himself, and 
the Accidents of his Voyage. 


My master heard me with great appearances of 
uneasiness in his countenance; because doubting, or 
not believing, are so little known in this country 
that the inhabitants cannot tell how to behave 
themselves under such circumstances. And I re- 
member, in frequent discourses with my master 
concerning the nature of manhood in other parts of 
the world, having occasion to talk of lying and false 
representation, it was with much difficulty that he 
comprehended what I meant, although he had other- 
wise a most acute judgment; for he argued thus: 
That the use of speech was to make us understand 
one another, and to receive information of facts ; 
now if any one said the thing which was not, those 
ends were defeated, because I cannot properly be 
said to understand him; and Jam so far from re- 


376 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


ceiving information that he leaves me worse than 
in ignorance ; for I am led to believe a thing black 
when it is white, and short when it is long. And 
these were all the notions he had concerning that 
faculty of lying, so perfectly well understood, and 
so universally practiced among human creatures. 
To return from this digression. "When I asserted 
that the Yahoos were the only governing animals 
in my country, which my master said was altogether 
past his conception, he desired to know whether we 
had Houyhnhnms among us, and what was their 
employment? I told him we had great numbers; 
that in summer they grazed in the fields, and in 
winter were kept in houses with hay and oats, 
where Yahoo servants were employed to rub their 
skins smooth, comb their manes, pick their feet, 
serve them with food, and make their beds. “TI 
understand you well,” said my master ; “it is now 
very plain, from all you have spoken, that whatever 
share of reason the Yahoos pretend to, the Houy- 
hnhnms are your masters. I heartily wish our 
Yahoos would be so tractable.” I begged his honor 
would please to excuse me from proceeding any 
further, because I was very certain that the account 
he expected from me would be highly displeasing. 
But he insisted in commanding me to let him know 


the best and the worst. I told him he should be 


a ee ee eee » 


GULLIVER’S TRAVHLS. 377 


obeyed. I owned that the Houyhnhnms among us, 
whom we called /orses, were the most generous and 
comely animals we had; that they excelled in 
strength and swiftness; and, when they belonged 
to persons of quality, were employed in traveling, 
racing, or drawing chariots; they were treated with 
‘much kindness and care till they fell into diseases, 
‘or became foundered in the feet; and then they 
were sold, and used to all kind of drudgery till they 
died; after which their skins were stripped, and 
sold for what they were worth, and their bodies 
left to be devoured by dogs and birds of prey. But 
the common race of horses had not so good fortune, 
being kept by farmers and carriers, and other mean 
people, who put them to greater labor, and fed 
them worse. I described, as well as I could, our 
way of riding; the shape and use of a bridle, a 
‘saddle, a spur, and a whip; of harness and wheels. 
I added that we fastened plates of a certain hard 
‘substance, called iron, at the bottom of their feet, 
to preserve their hoofs from being broken by the 
‘stony ways on which we often traveled. 

My master, after some expressions of great indig- 
nation, wondered how we dared to venture upon a 
Houyhnhnm’s back ; for he was sure that the weak- 
est servant in his house would be able to shake off 
‘the strongest Yahoo, or, by lying down, and rolling 


378 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


on his back, squeeze the brute todeath. I answered, 
that our horses were trained up, from three or four 
years old, to the several uses we intended them for ; 
that if any of them proved intolerably vicious, they 
were employed for carriages ;* that they were 
severely beaten, while they were young, for any 
mischievous tricks ; that they were indeed sensible 
of rewards and punishments; but his honor would 
please to consider that they had not the least 
tincture of reason, any more than the Yahoos in 
this country. 

It put me to the pains of many circumlocutions to 
give my master a right idea of what I spoke; for 
their language doth not abound in variety of words, 
because their wants and passions are fewer than 
among us. But it is impossible to express his noble 
resentment at our savage treatment of the Houy- 
hnhnm race. He said, if it were possible there 
could be any country where Yahoos alone were 
endued with reason, they certainly must be the 
governing animal; because reason will, in time, 
always prevail against brutal strength. But, con- 
sidering the frame of our bodies, and especially of 
mine, he thought no creature of equal bulk was so 
ill contrived for employing that reason in the 


* Wagons or heavy vehicles must be meant here, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 379 


common offices of life; whereupon he desired to 
know whether those among whom I lived resembled 
me or the Yahoos of his country. I assured him 
that I was as well shaped as most of my age; but 
the younger, and the females, were much more soft 
and tender, and the skins of the latter generally as 
white as milk. He said I differed indeed from 
other Yahoos, being much more cleanly, and not 
altogether so deformed ; but, in point of real advan- 
tage, he thought I differed for the worse. That my 
nails were of no use either to my fore or hinder 
foot. As to my forefeet, he could not properly 
call them by that name, for he never observed 
me towalk upon them; that they were too soft 
to bear the ground; that I generally went with 
them uncovered ; neither was the covering I some- 
times wore on them of the same shape, or so strong 
as that on my feet behind. That I could not walk 
with any security, for if either of my hinder feet 
‘slipped, I must inevitably fall. He then began to 
find fault with other parts of my body: the flatness 
of my face, the prominence of my nose, mine eyes 
placed directly in front, so that I could not look on 
either side without turning my head; that I was 
not able to feed myself without lifting one of my 
forefeet to my mouth; and therefore nature had 
placed those joints to answer that necessity. He 


380 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


knew not what could be the use of those several 
clefts and divisions in my feet behind; that these 
were too soft to bear the hardness and sharpness of 
stones, without a covering made from the skin of 
some other brute; that my whole body wanted a 
fence* against heat and cold, which I was forced to 
put on and off every day, with tediousness and 
trouble. And lastly, that he observed every animal 
in this country naturally to abhor the Yahoos, whom 
the weaker avoided, and the stronger drove from 
them. So that, supposing us to have the gift of 
reason, he could not see how it were possible to cure 
that natural antipathy which every creature dis- 
covered against us; nor, consequently, how we could 
tame and render them serviceable. However, he 
would, as he said, debate the matter no further, be- 
cause he was more desirious to know my own story, 


the country where I was born, and the several 
actions and events of my life before I came hither. 


I assured him how extremely desirous I was that 
he should be satisfied on every point; but I doubted 


much whether it would be possible for me to explain 


myself on several subjects, whereof his honor could 
have no conception, because I saw nothing in his 


country to which I could resemble them; that, 


* Defense or protection. 


—. 


’ 
7 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 381 


however, I would do my best, and strive to express 
myself by similitudes, humbly desiring his assistance 
when I wanted proper words; which he was pleased 
to promise me. 

I said my birth was of honest parents, in an 
island called England, which was remote from this 
country as many days’ journey as the strongest of 
his honor’s servants could travel in the annual 
course of the sun; that I was bred a surgeon, whose 
trade is to cure wounds and hurts in the body, 


gotten by accident or violence; that my country 
‘was governed by a female man, whom we called 
‘queen ; that I left it to get riches, whereby I might 
‘maintain myself and family, when I should return ; 
‘that in my last voyage I was commander of the 
‘ship, and had about fifty Yahoos under me, many 
of which died at sea, and I was forced to supply 
‘them by others picked out from several nations ; 
‘that our ship was twice in danger of being sunk; 
‘the first time by a great storm, and the second by 


striking against a rock. Here my master inter- 
posed, by asking me how I could persuade 


strangers, out of different countries, to venture with 


me, after the losses I had sustained, and the hazards 
Ihad run? I said they were fellows of desperate 
fortunes, forced to fly from the places of their birth 
‘on account of their poverty or their crimes. Some 


382 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


were undone by lawsuits; others spent all they had 


in drinking, debauchery, and gaming; others fled 


for treason; many for murder, theft, poisoning, 
robbery, perjury, forgery, coining false money, for 


flying from their colors,* or deserting to the enemy ; 
and most of them had broken prison: none of these 
durst return to their native countries, for fear of — 
being hanged, or of starving in a jail; and therefore — 
they were under a necessity of seeking a livelihood 


in other places, 


During this discourse my master was pleased to 


interrupt me several times. I had made use of 


many circumlocutions in describing to him the > 


nature of the several crimes for which most of our 


crew had been forced to fly their country. This — 
labor took up several days’ conversation before he | 
was able to comprehend me. He was wholly at a 


loss to know what could be the use or necessity of 


i 
| 
cal 


= 


practicing those vices: to clear up which i 


endeavored to give him some ideas of the desire of — 
power and riches ; of the terrible effects of lust, in- 


temperance, malice, and envy. All this I was 
forced to define and describe by putting of cases, ; 
and making of suppositions. After which, like 


* Deserting from their regiment. 


one whose imagination was struck with something — 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 383 


never seen or heard of before, he would lift up his 
eyes with amazement and indignation. Power, 
government, war, law, punishment, and a thousand 
other things had no terms wherein that language 
could express them, which made the difficulty 
almost insuperable, to give my master any concep- 
tion of what I meant. But being of an excellent 
understanding, much improved by contemplation 
and converse, he at last arrived at a competent 
knowledge of what human nature, in our parts of 
the world, is capable to perform, and desired | 
would give him some particular account of that land 
which we call Europe, but especially of my own 
country. 


384 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER V. 


The Author, at his Master’s command, informs him of the 
state of England—The causes of war among the Princes 
of Europe—The Author begins to explain the English Con- 
stitution. 


Tux reader may please to observe that the follow- 
ing extract of many conversations I had with my 
master contains a summary of the most material 
points which were discoursed at several times for 
above two years; his honor often desiring fuller 
satisfaction, as I further improved in the Houyhn- 
hnm tongue. I laid before him, as well as I could, — 
the whole state of Europe; I discoursed of trade 
and manufactures, of arts and sciences ; and the 
answers I gave to all the questions he made, as they 
arose upon several subjects, were a fund of conver. 
sation not to be exhausted. But I shall here only — 
set down the substance of what passed between us 
concerning my own country, reducing it into order 
as well as I can, without any regard to time or _ 
other circumstances, while I strictly adhere to truth. 
My only concern is, that I shall hardly be able to 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 385 


do justice to my master’s arguments and expressions, 
which must needs suffer by my want of capacity 
as well as by a translation into our barbarous 
English. 

In obedience, therefore, to his honor’s commands, 
I related to him the revolution under the Prince of 
Orange ; the long war with France, entered into by 
the said prince, and renewed by his successor, the 
‘present queen, wherein the greatest powers of 
Christendom were engaged, and which still con- 
tinued. I computed, at his request, that about a 
million of Yahoos might have been killed in the 
whole progress of it; and perhaps a hundred or 
more cities taken, and five times as many ships 
burned or sunk. 

He asked me what were the usual causes or 
motives that made one country go to war with 
another? I answered they were innumerable, 
but I should only mention a few of the chief. 
Sometimes the ambition of princes, who never think 
they have land or people enough to govern; some- 
times the corruption of ministers, who engage their 
master in a war in order to stifle or divert the 
slamor of the subjects against their evil administra- 
tion. Difference in opinions hath cost many 
millions of lives; for instance, whether flesh be 
bread, or bread be flesh; whether the juice of a 


386 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


certain berry be blood or wine;* whether whist- 
ling be a vice or a virtue,t whether it be better to 
kiss a post, or throw it into the fire ;{ what is the 
best color for a coat, whether black, white, red, or 
gray ;§ and whether it should be long or short, 
narrow or wide, dirty or clean, with many more. 
Neither are any wars so furious and bloody, or of 
so long continuance, as those occasioned by differ- 
ence in opinion, especially if it be in things indif- 
ferent. 

Sometimes the quarrel between two princes is to 
decide which of them shall dispossess a third of his 
dominions, where neither of them pretend to any 
right. Sometimes one prince quarreleth with 
another, for fear the other should quarrel with him. 
Sometimes a war is entered upon because the 
enemy is too strong, and sometimes because he is 
too weak. Sometimes our neighbors want the 
things which we have, or have the things which we 
want, and we both fight till they take ours, or give 
us theirs. It is a very justifiable cause of war to in- 
vade a country after the people have been wasted 


* These are allusions to the doctrine of transubstantiation. — 
+ Alluding to the use of music in churches. 
t Alluding to the cross or crucifix. 


§ Alluding to the use of vestments in churches. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 387 


by famine, destroyed by pestilence, or embroiled by 
factions among themselves. It is justifiable to 
enter into war against our nearest ally, when one of 
his towns lies convenient for us, or a territory of 
land that would render our dominions round and 
compact. If a prince sends forces into a nation 
where the people are poor and ignorant, he may 
lawfully put half of them to death, and make slaves 
of the rest, in order to civilize and reduce them 
from their barbarous way of living. It is a very 
kingly, honorable, and frequent practice, when one 
‘prince desires the assistance of another to secure 
him against an invasion, that the assistant, when he 
hath driven out the invader, should seize on the 
dominions himself, and kill, imprison, or banish the 
prince he came to relieve. Alliance by blood or 
marriage is a frequent cause of war between princes ; 
and the nearer the kindred is, the greater is their 
‘disposition to quarrel. Poor nations are hungry, 
‘and rich nations are proud; and pride and hunger 
‘will ever be at variance. For those reasons the 
trade of a soldier is held the most honorable of all 
others ; because the soldier is a Yahoo hired to kill, 
in cold blood, as many of his own species, who have 
never offended him, as possibly he can. . 
There is likewise a kind of beggarly princes in 
Europe, not able to make war by themselves, who 


388 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


hire out their troops to richer nations, for so much 
a day to each man; of which they keep three- 
fourths to themselves, and it is the best part of their 
maintenance; such are those in many northern: 
parts of Europe.* 

What you have told me, said my master, upon the 
subject of war, does, indeed, discover most admir- 
ably the effects of that reason you pretend to; how- 
ever, it is happy that the shame is greater than the 
danger; and that nature hath left you utterly in. 
capable of doing much mischief; for your mouths 
lying flat with your faces, you can hardly bite each 
other to any purpose, unless by consent. Then as 
to the claws upon your feet, before and behind, they 
. are so short and tender that one of our Yahoos 
would drive a dozen of yours before him. And 
therefore, in recounting the numbers of those who 
have been killed in battle, I cannot but think that 
you have said the thing which is not. 

I could not forbear shaking my head, and smiling 
a little at his ignorance. And being no stranger to 
the art of war, I gave him a description of cannons, 
culverins, muskets, carabines, pistols, bullets, pow- : 
der, swords, bayonets, battles, sieges, retreats, at- 
tacks, undermines, countermines, bombardments, 


* Some of the princes of the smaller German states did so, _ 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 389 


sea-fights, ships sunk with a thousand men, twenty 
thousand killed on each side, dying groans, limbs 
flying in the air, smoke, noise, confusion, trampling 
to death under horses’ feet, flight, pursuit, victory ; 
fields strewed with carcasses, left for food to dogs, 
and wolves, and birds of prey; plundering, strip- 
ping, burning, and destroying. And to set forth 
the valor of my own dear countrymen, I assured 
him that I had seen them blow up a hundred ene- 
mies at once in a siege, and as many ina ship; and 
beheld the dead bodies drop down in pieces from 
the clouds, to the great diversion of the spectators. 
I was going on to more particulars, when my 
master commanded me silence. He said whoever 
understood the nature of Yahoos might easily be- 
lieve it possible for so vile an animal to be capable 
of every action I had named, if their strength and 
cunning equaled their malice. But as my discourse 
had increased his abhorrence of the whole species, so 
he found it gave him a disturbance in his mind, to 
which he was wholly a stranger before. He thought 
his ears, being used to such abominable words, 
might, by degrees, admit them with less detesta- 
tion; that although he hated the Yahoos of this 
country, yet he no more blamed them for their 
odious qualities than he did a gnnayh (a bird of 
prey) for its cruelty, or a sharp stone for cutting his 


390 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


hoof. But when a creature pretending to reason 
could be capable of such enormities, he dreaded lest 
the corruption of that faculty might be worse than 
brutality itself. He seemed, therefore, confident, 
that, instead of reason, we were only possessed of, 


some quality fitted to increase our natural vices: as 
the reflection from a troubled stream returns the 
image of an ill-shapen body, not only larger, but 
more distorted. 

He added that he had heard too much upon the. 
subject of war, both in this and some former dis- 
courses. There was another point which a little 
perplexed him at present. I had informed him that: 
some of our crew left their country on account of 
being ruined by law; that I had already explained 
the meaning of the word; but he was at a loss how 
it should come to pass, that the law, which was in-. 


country ; because he thought nature and reason 
were sufficient guides for a reasonable animal, as we 
pretended to be, in showing us what we ought to 
do, and what to avoid. | 

I assured his honor that law was a science in 
which I had not much conversed, further than by 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 391 


employing advocates, in vain, upon some injustices 
that had been done me; however, I would give him 
all the satisfaction I was able. 
I said there was a society of men among us, bred 
up from their youth in the art of proving, by words 
‘multiplied for the purpose, that white is black, and 
‘lack is white ; according as they are paid. To this 
“society all the rest of the people are slaves. For 
example, if my neighbor has a mind to my cow, he 
has a lawyer to prove that he ought to have my 
‘cow from me. I must then hire another to defend 
my right, it being against all rules of law that any 
man should be allowed to speak for himself. Now, 
in this case, I, who am the right owner, lie under 
two great disadvantages: first, my lawyer, being 
practiced almost from his cradle in defending false- 
hood, is quite out of his element when he would be 
‘an advocate for justice, which is an unnatural office 
he always attempts with great awkwardness, if not 
with ill-will. The second disadvantage is, that my 
| lawyer must proceed with great caution, or else he 
will be reprimanded by the judges, and abhorred by 
‘his brethren, as one that would lessen the practice 
of the law. And therefore I have but two methods 
to preserve my cow. The first is, to gain over my 


| eeorsary” s lawyer with a double fee: who will then 
betray his client, by insinuating that he has justice 


| 
) 
| 
. 
} 
| 


392 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


on his side. The second way is, for my lawyer to 
make my cause appear as unjust as he can, by allow- 
ing the cow to belong to my adversary : and this, if 
it be skillfully done, will certainly bespeak the favor 
of the bench. Now your honor is to know that. 
these judges are persons appointed to decide all con- 
troversies of property, as well as for the trial of 
criminals, and picked out from the most dexterous 
lawyers, who are grown old or lazy; and having 
been biased all their lives against truth and equity, 
lie under such a fatal necessity of favoring fraud, 
perjury, and oppression, that I have known some of 
them refuse a large bribe from the side where 
justice lay, rather than injure the faculty, by doing 
anything unbecoming their nature or their office. 

It is a maxim among these lawyers that what- 
ever has been done before may legally be done 
again; and therefore they take special care to re- 
cord all the decisions formerly made against com- 
mon justice and the general reason of mankind. 
These, under the name of precedents, they produce 
as authorities to justify the most iniquitous opin- 
ions ; and the judges never fail of directing accord- 
ingly. 

In pleading they studiously avoid entering into 
the merits of the cause, but are loud, violent, and 
tedious in dwelling upon all circumstances which 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 393 


are not to the purpose. For instance, in the case 
already mentioned, they never desire to know what 
claim or title my adversary has to my cow; but 
whether the said cow were red or black; her horns 
long or short ; whether the field I graze her in be 
round or square; whether she was milked at home 
or abroad ; what diseases she is subject to, and the 
like; after which they consult precedents, adjourn 
the cause from time to time, and in ten, twenty, or 
thirty years come to an issue. 

It is likewise to be observed that this society has 
a peculiar cant and jargon of their own that no 
other mortal can understand, and wherein all their 
laws are written, which they take special care to 
multiply ; whereby they have wholly confounded 
the very essence of truth and falsehood, of right and 
wrong ; so that it will take thirty years to decide 
whether the field left me by my ancestors for six 
generations belongs to me, or to a stranger three 
hundred miles off. 
In the trial of persons accused for crime against 
the state, the method is much more short and com- 
mendable: the judge first sends to sound the dis- 
position of those in power; after which she can 
easily hang or save a criminal, strictly preserving 
all due forms of law. 

Here my master interposing, said it was a pity 


394 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


that creatures endowed with such prodigious abili- 
ties of mind as these lawyers, by the description I 
gave of them, must certainly be, were not rather 
encouraged to be instructors of others in wisdom 
and knowledge. In answer to which I assured his 
honor that in all points out of their own trade they 
were usually the most ignorant and stupid gener- 
ation among us, the most despicable in common con- 
versation, avowed enemies to all knowledge and 
learning, and equally disposed to pervert the gen- 
eral reason of mankind in every other subject of 
discourse as in that of their own profession. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. | 395 


CHAPTER VI. 


A continuation of the State of England under Queen Anne— 
The Character of a First Minister of State in European 
Courts. 


My master was yet wholly at a loss to understand 
what motives could incite this race of lawyers to 
perplex, disquiet, and weary themselves, and engage 
in a confederacy of injustice, merely for the sake of 
injuring their fellow-animals; neither could he 
comprehend what I meant in saying they did it for 
hire: whereupon I was at much pains to describe to 
him the use of money, the materials it was made of, 
and the value of the metals; that when a Yahoo 
had got a great store of this precious substance he 
was able to purchase whatever he had a mind to; 
the finest clothing, the noblest houses, great tracts 
of land, the most costly meats and drinks. There- 
fore, since money alone was able to perform all 
these feats, our Yahoos thought they could never 
have enough of it to spend, or to save, as they found 
themselves inclined, from their natural bent, either 


396 | GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


to profusion or avarice; that the rich men enjoyed — 


the fruit of the poor man’s labor, and the latter 
were a thousand to one in proportion to the former ; 
that the bulk of our people were forced to live 
miserably, by laboring every day for small wages, 
to make a few live plentifully. 

I enlarged myself much on these, and many other 
particulars, to the same purpose; but his honor was 
still to seek,* for he went upon a supposition that 
all animals had a title to their share in the pro- 
ductions of the earth, and especially those who 


presided over the rest. Therefore he desired I 


would let him know what these costly meats were, 


and how any of us happened to want them? 
Whereupon I enumerated as many sorts as came — 
into my head, with the various methods of dressing © 
them, which could not be done without sending — 


vessels by sea to every part of the world, as well 
for liquors to drink as for sauces, and innumerable 
other conveniences. I assured him that this whole 
globe of earth must be at least three times gone 
round before one of our better female Yahoos 


could get her breakfast, or a cup to put it in. He 


said that must needs be a miserable country which 


cannot furnish food for its own inhabitants. But 


At a loss; puzzled. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 397 


what he chiefly wondered at was, how such vast 
tracts of ground as I described should be wholly 
without fresh water, and the people put to the 
necessity of sending over the sea for drink. [| 
replied that England (the dear place of my nativity) 
was computed to produce three times the quantity 
of food more than its inhabitants are able to con- 
sume, as well as liquors extracted from grain, or 
pressed out of the fruit of certain trees, which made 
excellent drink, and the same proportion in every 
other convenience of life. But in order to feed the 
luxury and intemperance of the males, and the 
vanity of the females, we sent away the greatest 
part of our necessary things to other countries, from 
whence, in return, we brought the materials of 
diseases, folly, and vice, to spend among ourselves. 
Hence it follows, of necessity, that vast numbers of 
our people are compelled to seek their livelihood by 
begging, robbing, stealing, cheating, flattering, 
suborning, forswearing, forging, gaming, lying, 
fawning, hectoring, voting, scribbling, star-gazing, 
poisoning, canting, libeling, free-thinking, and the 
like occupations: every one of which terms was at 
much pains to make him understand, 

That wine was not imported among us from 
foreign countries to supply the want of water or 
other drinks, but because it was a sort of liquid 


398 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


which made us merry, by putting us out of our 
senses, diverted all melancholy thoughts, begat wild, 
extravagant imaginations in the brain, raised our 
hopes and banished our fears, suspended every 
office of reason for a time, and deprived us of the 
use of our limbs, till we fell into a profound sleep ; 
although it must be confessed that we always 
awaked sick and dispirited, and that the use of this 
liquor filled us with diseases which made our lives 
uncomfortable and short. 

But, beside all this, the bulk of our people sup- 
ported themselves by furnishing the necessities or 
conveniences of life to the rich, and to each other. 
For instance, when I am at home, and dressed as I 
ought to be, I carry on my body the workmanship 
of an hundred tradesmen, the building and furniture 
of my house employ as many more, and five times 
the number to adorn my wife. 

I was going on to tell him of another sort of 
people, who get their livelihood by attending the 
sick, having upon some occasions informed his honor 
that many of my crew had died of diseases. But 
here it was with the utmost difficulty that I brought 
him to apprehend what I meant. He could easily 
conceive that a Houyhnhnm grew weak and heavy 
a few days before his death, or by some accident 
might hurt a limb; but that nature, who works all 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 399 


things to perfection, should suffer any pains to breed 
in our bodies he thought impossible, and desired to 
know the reason of so unaccountable an evil. 
_ I told him we fed on a thousand things which 
operated contrary to each other; that we eat when 
we were not hungry, and drank without the provo- 
cation of thirst; that we sate whole nights drinking 
strong liquors, without eating a bit, which disposed 
us to sloth, inflamed our bodies, and precipitated or 
prevented digestion ; that many diseases were prop- 
agated from father to son, so that great numbers 
come into the world with complicated maladies 
upon them: that it would be endless to give him a 
catalogue of all diseases incident to human bodies, 
for they could not be fewer than five or six hundred, 
spread over every limb and joint; in short, every 
part, external and intestine, having diseases appro- 
priated to itself: to remedy which there was a sort 
of people bred up among us in the profession, or the 
_ pretense, of curing the sick. 
But, besides real diseases, we are subject to many 
that were only imaginary, for which the physicians 
have invented imaginary cures; these have their 
several names, and so have the drugs that are proper 
for them; and with these our female Yahoos are 
always infested. 

One great excellency in this tribe is their skill at 


400) GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 


prognostics, wherein they seldom fail; their predic- 
tions in real diseases, when they rise to any degree 
of malignity, generally portending death, which is 
always in their power, when recovery is not; and, 
therefore, upon any unexpected signs of amend- 
ment, after they have pronounced their sentence, 
rather than be accused as false prophets, they know 
how to approve their sagacity to the world by a sea- 
sonable dose. 

They are likewise of special use to husbands and 
wives who are grown weary of their mates, to eldest 
sons, to great ministers of state, and often to 
princes. ’ 

I had formerly, upon occasion, discoursed with 
my master upon the nature of government in gen- 
eral, and particularly of our own excellent constitu- 
tion, deservedly the wonder and envy of the whole 
world. But, having here accidentally mentioned a 
minister of state, he commanded me, some time 
after, to inform him what species of Yahoo I had 
particularly meant by that appellation. 

I told him that a first or chief minister of state, 
who was the person I intended to describe, was a 
creature wholly exempt from joy and grief, love 
and hatred, pity and anger; at least, makes use of — 
no other passions but a violent desire of wealth, — 
power, and titles; that he applies his words to all 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 401 


uses, except to the indication of his mind; that he 
never tells a truth, but with an intent that you 
should take it for a lie; nor a lie, but with a design 
that you should take it for a truth; that those he 
speaks worst of behind their backs are in the surest 
way to preferment; and whenever he begins to 
praise you to others, or to yourself, you are from 
that day forlorn. The worst mark you can receive 
is a promise, especially when it is confirmed with 
an oath; after which every wise man retires, and 
gives over all hopes. 

There are various methods by which a man may 
rise to be chief minister; as by betraying or under- 
mining his predecessor, or by a furious zeal in public 
assemblies against the corruptions of the court. 
But a wise prince would rather choose to employ 
those who practise the last of these methods : be- 
cause such zealots prove always the most obsequious 
and subservient to the will and passions of their 
master. That these ministers, having all employ- 
ments at their disposal, preserve themselves in 
power by bribing the majority of a senate or great 
council; and at last, by an expedient called an act 
of indemnity (whereof I described the nature to 
him), they secure themselves from after-reckonings, 
and retire from the public, laden with the spoils of 
the nation. 


402 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


The palace of a chief minister is a seminary to 
breed up others in his own trade; the pages, lackeys, 
and porter, by imitating their master, become min- 
isters of state in their several districts, and learn to 
excel in the three principal ingredients of insolence, 
lying, and bribery. Accordingly, they have a sub- 
altern* court paid to them by persons of the first 
rank; and sometimes, by the force of dexterity and 
impudence, arrive, through several gradations, to be 
successors to their lord. 

One day, in discourse, my master having heard 
me mention the nobility of my country, was pleased 
to make me a compliment which I could not pretend 
to deserve: That he was sure I must have been 
born of some noble family, because I far exceeded 
in shape, color, and cleanliness all the Yahoos of his 
nation, although I seemed to fail in strength and 
agility, which must be imputed to my different way 
of living from those other brutes; and, besides, I 
was not only endowed with the faculty of speech, 
but likewise with some rudiments of reason, to a 
degree that, with all his acquaintance, I passed for 
a prodigy. 

He made me observe that among the Houyhnhnms 
the white, the sorrel, and the iron-gray were not 


* Subordinate ; of inferior degree. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 403 


so exactly shaped as the bay, the dapple-gray, and 
the black; nor born with equal talents of mind, or 
a capacity to improve them, and therefore continued 
always in the condition of servants, without ever 
aspiring to match out of their own race, which, in 
that country, would be reckoned monstrous and 
unnatural. 

I made his honor my most humble acknowledg- 
ments for the good opinion he was pleased to con- 
ceive of me, but assured him, at the same time, that 
my birth was of the lower sort, having been born of 
plain, honest parents, who were just able to give 
me a tolerable education; that nobility among us 
was altogether a different thing from the idea he 
had of it; that our young noblemen are bred from 
their childhood in idleness and luxury; that when 
their fortunes are almost ruined they marry some 
woman of mean birth, disagreeable person, and un- 
sound constitution (merely for the sake of money), 
whom they hate and despise; that a weak, diseased 
body, a meager countenance, and sallow complexion 
are the true marks of noble blood; and a healthy, 
robust appearance is disgraceful in a man of quality. 
The imperfections of his mind run parailel with 
those of his body, being a composition of spleen,* 
dullness, ignorance, caprice, sensuality, and pride. 


i ne et 


*Tll temper, or peevishness. 


404 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


Without the consent of this illustrious body, no 
law can be enacted, repealed, or altered ; and these 
nobles have likewise the decision of all our posses- 
sions, without appeal. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 405 


CHAPTER VII. 


The Author’s great Love of his native Country—His Master’s 
observations upon the Constitution and Administration 
of England, as described by the Author, with Parallel 
Cases and Comparisons—His Master’s observations upon 
Human Nature. 


Tur reader may be disposed to wonder how I 
could prevail on myself to give so free a represen- 
tation of my own species, among arace of mortals 
who are already too apt to conceive the vilest 
opinion of humankind, from that entire congruity 
betwixt me and their Yahoos. But I must freely 
confess, that the many virtues of those excellent 
quadrupeds, placed in opposite view to human 
corruptions, had so far opened my eyes, and enlarged 
my understanding, that I began to view the actions 
and passions of man in a very different light, and to 
think the honor of my own kind not worth man- 
aging ;* which, besides, it was impossible for me to 
do before a person of so acute a judgment as my 
master, who daily convinced me of a thousand 


* Dealing gently or sparingly with it. 


406 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


faults in myself, whereof I had not the least per. 
ception before, and which, with us, would never be 
numbered even among human infirmities. I had 
likewise learned, from his example, an utter detest- 
ation of all falsehood or disguise; and truth ap- 
peared so amiable* to me that I determined upon 
sacrificing everything to it. 

Let me deal so candidly with the reader as to 
confess that there was yet a much stronger motive 
for the freedom I took in my representation of 
things. I had not been a year in this country be- 
fore I contracted such a love and veneration for the 
inhabitants that I entered on a firm resolution 
never to return to humankind, but to pass the rest 
of my life among these admirable Houyhnhnms, in 
the contemplation and practice of every virtue, 
where I could have no, example or incitement to 
vice. But it was decreed by fortune, my perpetual 
enemy, that so great a felicity should not fall to my 
share. However, it is now some comfort to reflect 
that in what I said of my countrymen I extenuated 
their faults as much as I durst before so strict an 
examiner, and upon every article gave as favorable 
a turn as the matter would bear. For, indeed, who 
is there alive that will not be swayed by his bias 
and partiality to the place of his birth ? 


* Deserving to be prized or loved. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 407 


I have related the substance of several conver- 
sations I had with my master during the greatest 
part of the time I had the honor to be in his 
service, but have, indeed, for brevity’s sake, omitted 
much more than is here set down, 

When I had answered all his questions, and his 
curiosity seemed to be fully satisfied, he sent for me 
one morning early, and commanded me to sit down 
at some distance (an honor which he had never be- 
fore conferred upon me). He said he had been 
very seriously considering my whole story, as far 
as it related both to myself and my country ; that 
he looked upon us as a sort of animals, to whose 
share, by what accident he could not conjecture, 
some small pittance of reason had fallen, whereof 
we made no other use than, by its assistance, to 
aggravate our natural corruptions, and to acquire 
new ones which nature had not given us; that we 
disarmed ourselves of the few abilities she had be- 
stowed, had been very successful in multiplying our 
original wants, and seemed to spend our whole lives 
in vain endeavors to supply them by our own 
inventions; that as to myself it was manifest I had 
neither the strength nor agility of a common Yahoo; 
that I walked infirmly on my hinder feet, had found 
out a contrivance to make my claws of no use or 
defense, and to remove the hair from my chin, 


408 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


which was intended as a shelter from the sun and 
the weather ; lastly, that I could neither run with 
speed, nor climb trees like my brethren, as he 
called them, the Yahoos in his country. 

That our institutions of government and law were 
plainly owing to our gross defects in reason, and by 
consequence in virtue; because reason alone is suffi- 
cient to govern a rational creature; which was, 
therefore, a character we had no pretense to 
challenge,* even from the account I had given of my 
own people; although he manifestly perceived that, 
in order to favor them, I had concealed many par- 
ticulars, and often said the thing which was not. 

He was the more confirmed in this opinion be- 
cause he observed that, as I agreed in every 
feature of my body with other Yahoos, except 
where it was to my real disadvantage, in point of 
strength, speed, and activity, the shortness of my 
claws, and some other particulars, where nature had 
no part; so from the representation I had given 
him of our lives, our manners, and our actions, he 
found as near a resemblance in the disposition of 
our minds. He said the Yahoos were known to hate 
one another more than they did any different 
species of animals; and the reason usually assigned 


* Claim. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 409 


was the odiousness of their own shapes, which all 
could see in the rest, but not in themselves. He 
had therefore begun to think it not unwise in us to 
cover our bodies, and by that invention conceal 
many of our own deformities from each other, 
which would else be hardly supportable. But he 
now found he had been mistaken, and that the dis- 
sensions of those brutes in his country were owing 
to the same cause with ours, as I had described 
them. For if, said he, you throw among five 
_ Yahoos as much food as would be sufficient for fifty, 
they will, instead of eating peaceably, fall together 
_ by the ears, each single one impatient to have all to 
itself ; and therefore a servant was usually employed 
to stand by while they were feeding abroad, and 
those kept at home were tied at a distance from 
each other; that if a cow died of age or accident, 
before a Houyhnhnm could secure it for his own 
Yahoos, those in the neighborhood would come in 
herds to seize it, and then would ensue such a battle 
_as I had described, with terrible wounds, made by 
their claws, on both sides, although they seldom 
were able to kill one another, for want of such con- 
venient instruments of death as we had invented. At 
other times, the like battles have been fought be- 
tween the Yahoos of several neighborhoods, with- 
out any visible cause; those of one district watching 


410 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


all opportunities to surprise the next, before 
they are prepared. But if they find their project 
hath miscarried, they return home, and for want of 


enemies engage in what I call a civil war among 


themselves. 
That in some fields of his country there are 


certain shining stones of several colors, whereof the 


Yahoos are violently fond; and when part of these 
stones is fixed in the earth, as it sometimes hap- 
peneth, they will dig with their claws for whole 
days to get them out; then carry them away, and 
hide them by heaps in their kennels ; but still look- 


ing round with great caution, for fear their com- | 
rades should find out their treasure. My master 
said he could never discover the reason of this un-— 
natural appetite, or how these stones could be of 


any use to a Yahoo; but now he believed it might 
proceed from the same principle of avarice which I 


had ascribed to mankind: that he had once, by way | 
of experiment, privately removed a heap of these 


stones from the place where one of his Yahoos had 
buried it; whereupon the sordid animal, missing 
his treasure, by his loud lamenting brought the 
whole herd to the place, there miserably howled, 
then fell to biting and tearing the rest, began to 


pine away, would neither eat, nor sleep, nor work, © 


till he ordered a servant privately to convey the 


nai 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 411 


stones into the same hole, and hide them as before; 
which, when his Yahoo had found, he presently 
recovered his spirits and good-humor, but took care 
to remove them to a better hiding-place, and hath 
ever since been a very serviceable brute. 

My master further assured me, which I also 
observed myself, that in the fields where the 
shining stones abound, the fiercest and most 
frequent battles are fought, occasioned by perpetual 
Imroads of the neighboring Yahoos. 

He said, it was common when two Yahoos dis- 
covered such a stone in a field, and were contending 
which of them should be the proprietor, a third 
‘would take the advantage, and carry it away from 
‘them both; which my master would needs contend 
to have some kind of resemblance with our suits at 
law; wherein I thought it for our credit not to 
undeceive him; since the decision he mentioned 
‘was much more equitable than many decrees among 
us; because the plaintiff and defendant there lost 
mothing besides the stone they contended for; 
‘whereas our courts of equity would never have dis- 
‘missed the cause while either of them had anything 
left. | 

My master continuing his discourse, said there 
‘was nothing that rendered the Yahoos more odious 


than their undistinguishing appetite to devour 


412 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


everything that came in their way, whether herbs, 
roots, berries, the corrupted flesh of animals, or all 
mingled together: and it was peculiar in their 
temper that they were fonder of what they could 
get by rapine or stealth, at a greater distance, than 
much better food provided for them at home. If 
their prey held out, they would eat till they were 
ready to burst. | 

There was a kind of root, very juicy, but some- 
what rare and difficult to be found, which the Yahoos 
sought for with much eagerness, and would suck 
it with great delight: it produced in them the same 
effects that wine hath upon us. It would make 
them sometimes hug, and sometimes tear one 
another: they would howl, and grin, and chatter, 
and reel, and tumble, and then fall asleep in the dirt. 

I did indeed observe that the Yahoos were the 
only animals in this country subject to any diseases ;_ 
which, however, were much fewer than horses have 
among us, and contracted, not by any ill treatment 
they meet with, but by the nastiness and greediness— 
of that sordid brute. Neither has their language 
any more than a general appellation for those mala- 
dies which is borrowed from the name of the beast, 
and called /Znea-yahoo, or the Yahoo’s-evil. 

As to learning, government, arts, manufactures, 
and the like, my master confessed he could find 


GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 413 


little or no resemblance between the Yahoos of that 
country and those in ours; for he only meant to 
observe what parity there was in our natures. He 
had heard, indeed, some curious Houyhnhnms ob- 
serve that in most herds there was a sort of ruling 
Yahoo (as among us there is generally some leading 
or principal stag in a park), who was always more 
deformed in body and mischievous in disposition 
than any of the rest; that this leader had usually a 
favorite as like himself as he could get. This favor- 
ite is hated by the whole herd, and, therefore, to 
protect himself, keeps always near the person of his 
leader. He usually continues in office till a worse 
can be found; but the very moment he is discarded, 
his successor, at the head of all the Yahoos in that 
district, young and old, male and female, come in a 
‘body and maltreat him. How far this might be 
applicable to our courts, and favorites, and minis- 
ters of state, my master said I could best determine. 
I durst make no return to this malicious insinua- 
‘tion, which debased human understanding below 
‘the sagacity of a common hound, who has jude- 
ment enough to distinguish and follow the cry cf 
the ablest dog in the pack, without being ever 
mistaken. 


My master told me there were some qualities re- 
markable in the Yahoos, which he had not observed 


414 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


me to mention, or at least very slightly, in the ac- 
counts I had given him of humankind. One thing. 
he wondered at in the Yahoos was their strange 
disposition to nastiness and dirt ; whereas there ap- 
pears to be a natural love of cleanliness in all other 
animals. 

Another quality which his servants had discovered 
in several Yahoos to him was wholly unaccount-| 
able. He said a fancy would sometimes take a 
Yahoo to retire into a corner, to lie down, and 
howl and groan, and spurn away all that came near 
him, although he were young and fat, wanted 
neither food nor water; nor could the servants 
imagine what could possibly ail him. And the 
only remedy they found was to set him to hard 
work, after which he would infallibly come to him- 
self. To this I was silent, out of partiality to my 
own kind; yet here I could plainly discover the 
true seeds of spleen,* which only seizes on the lazy, 
the luxurious, and the rich; who, if they were 
forced to undergo the same regimen, I would under- 
take for the cure. 

At times if a female stranger came among them 
three or four of her own sex would get about her, 
and stare, and chatter, and grin, and smell her all 


* Dullness or peevishness without any sufficient cause. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 415 


over, and then turn off, with gestures that seemed 
to express contempt and disdain. 

Perhaps my master might refine a little in these 
speculations, which he had drawn from what he ob- 
served himself, or had been told him by others; 
however, I could not reflect, without some amaze- 
ment and much sorrow, that the rudiments of 
coquetry, censure, and scandal should have place 
by instinct in womankind. 


416 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


CHAPTER VIII. 


The Author relates several Particulars of the Yahoos—The 
great Virtues of the Houyhnhnms—The Education and 
Exercise of their Youth—Their General Assembly. 


As I ought to have understood human nature 
much better than I supposed it possible for my 
master to do, so it was easy to apply the character 
he gave of the Yahoos to myself and my country- 
men; and I believed I could yet make further dis- 
coveries from my own observation. I therefore 
often begged his honor to let me go among the 
herds of Yahoos in the neighborhood ; to which he 
always very graciously consented, being perfectly 
convinced that the hatred I bore those brutes would 
never suffer me to be corrupted by them; and his 
honor ordered one of his servants, a strong sorrel 
nag, very honest and good-natured, to be my guard; 
without whose protection I durst not undertake 
such adventures; for I have already told the reader 
how much I was pestered by those odious animals 
upon my first arrival; and I afterwards failed very 
narrowly, three or four times, of falling into their 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 417 


clutches, when I happened to stray at any distance 
without my hanger. And I have reason to believe 
they had some imagination that I was of their own 
species; which I often assisted myself by stripping 
up my sleeves, and showing my naked arms and 
breast in their sight when my protector was with 
me. At which times they would approach as near 
as they durst, and imitate my actions, after the 
manner of monkeys, but ever with great signs of 
hatred ; as a tame jackdaw, with cap and stockings, 
is always persecuted by the wild ones, when he hap- 
pens to be got among them. 

They are prodigiously nimble from their infancy. 
‘However, I once caught a young male of three 
‘years old, and endeavored, by all marks of tender- 
‘ness, to make it quiet; but the little imp fell a 
squalling, and scratching, and biting with such vio- 

lence that I was forced to let it go; and it was high 
‘time ; for a whole troop of old ones came about us 
-at the noise, but finding the cub was safe (for away 
it ran), and my sorrel nag being by, they durst not 


venture near us. | 

But what I could discover the Yahoos appear to 
be the most unteachable of all animals; their capac- 
ities never reaching higher than to draw or carry 
burdens. Yet I am of opinion this defect ariseth 
chiefly from a perverse, restive disposition ; for they 


418 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


are cunning, malicious, treacherous, and revengeful. 
They are strong and hardy, but of a cowardly spirit, 
and by consequence, insolent, abject, and cruel. 
The Houyhnhnms keep the Yahoos for present 
use in huts not far from the house; but the rest are 
sent abroad to certain fields, where they dig up 
roots, eat several kinds of herbs, and search about 
for carrion, or sometimes catch weasels and luhimuhs 
(a sort of wild rat), which they greedily devour. 
Nature hath taught them to dig deep holes with 
their nails on the side of a rising ground, wherein 


they lie by themselves; only the kennels of the 


femaies are larger, sufficient to hold two or three 


cubs. 

They swim from their infancy like frogs, and are 
able to continue long under water, where they often 
take fish, which the females carry home to their 
young. 


Having lived three years in this country, the 


reader, I suppose, will expect that I should, like 


other travelers, give him some account of the man-— 


ners and customs of its inhabitants, which it was_ 


indeed my principal study to learn. 


As these noble Houyhnhnms are endowed by 


nature with a general disposition to all virtues, and_ 


have no conceptions or ideas of what is evil in a- 


rational creature, so their grand maxim is, to culti- 


i 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 419 


vate reason, and to be wholly governed by it. 
Neither is reason among them a point problemat- 
ieal, as with us, where men can argue with plausi- 
bility on both sides of a question, but strikes you 
with immediate conviction, as it must needs do, 
where it is not mingled, obscured, or discolored, by 
passion and interest. JI remember it was with ex- 
treme difficulty that I could bring my master to 
understand the meaning of the word opinion, or 
how a point could be disputable; because reason 
taught us to affirm or deny only where we are cer- 
tain; and beyond our knowledge we cannot do 
either; so that controversies, wranglings, disputes, 
and positiveness, in false or dubious propositions, are 
evils unknown among the Houyhnhnms. In like 
manner, when I used to explain to him our several 
systems of natural philosophy, he would laugh, that 
a creature pretending to reason should value itself 
upon the knowledge of other people’s conjectures, 
and in things where that knowledge, if it were cer- 
tain, could be of no use. Wherein he agreed entirely 
with the sentiments of Socrates, as Plato delivers 
them; which I mention as the highest honor I can 
do that prince of philosophers. I have often since 
reflected what destruction such a doctrine would 


make in the libraries of Europe, and how many 


420 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


paths to fame would be then shut up in the learned 
world. | 

Friendship and benevolence are the two principal 
virtues among the Houyhnhnms, and these not con- 
fined to particular objects, but universal to the 
whole race; for a stranger from the remotest part 
is equally treated with the nearest neighbor, and 
wherever he goes, looks upon himself as at home. 
They preserve decency and civility in the highest 
degrees, but are altogether ignorant of ceremony. 
They have no fondness for their colts or foals, but 
the care they take in educating them proceeds en-| 
tirely from the dictates of reason. And I observed 
my master to show the same affection to his neigh- 
bor’s issue that he had for his own. They will have 
it that nature teaches them to love the whole 
species, and it is reason only that maketh a dis-. 
tinction of persons where there is a superior degreg | 
of virtue. 

Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements, 
have no place in their thoughts, or terms whereby 
to express them in their language. The young 
couple meet and are joined, merely because it is the 
determination of their parents and friends; it is. 
what they see done every day, and they look upon 
it as one of the necessary actions of a rational being; 1 
and the married pair pass their lives with the same 


eee 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 421 


friendship and mutual benevolence that they bear 
to all others of the same species who come in their 
way, without jealousy, fondness, quarreling, or 
discontent. 

In educating the youth of both sexes their method 
is admirable, and highly deserves our imitation. 
‘These are not suffered to taste a grain of oats, ex- 
cept upon certain days, till eighteen years old; nor 
milk, but very rarely; and in summer they graze 
two hours in the morning, and as long in the even- 
‘ing, which their parents likewise observe; but the 
servants are not allowed above half that time, and 
‘a great part of their grass is brought home, which 
they eat at the most convenient hours, when they 
‘can be best spared from work. 

Temperance, industry, exercise, and cleanliness 
are the lessons equally enjoined to the young ones 
of both sexes; and my master thought it monstrous 
in us to give the females a different kind of educa- 
tion from the males, except in some articles of 
domestic management; whereby, as he truly ob- 
served, one-half of our natives were good for noth- 
ing but bringing children into the world; and to 
trust the care of our children to such useless 
animals, he said, was yet a greater instance of 
brutality. 

But the Houyhnhnms train up their youth to 


422 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


strength, speed, and hardiness by exercising them 
in running races up and down steep hills and over 
hard and stony grounds; and when they are all in 
a sweat they are ordered to leap over head and 
ears intoa pond ora river. Four times a year the 
youth of a certain district meet to show their pro- 
ficiency in running and leaping, and other feats of 
strength and agility, where the victor is rewarded 
with a song made in his or her praise. On this 
festival the servants drive a herd of Yahoos into the 
field, laden with hay and oats and milk, for a repast 
to the Houyhnhnms; after which these brutes are 
immediately driven back again, for fear of being 
- noisome to the assembly. 

Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is 
a representative council of the whole nation, which 


meets in a plain about twenty miles from our 
house, and continues about five or six days. Here 
they inquire into the state and condition of the 
several districts; whether they abound or be defi- 
cient in hay or oats, or cows or Yahoos; and wher- 
ever there is any want (which is but seldom), it is 
immediately supplied by unanimous consent and 
contribution. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 423 


CHAPTER IX. 


A grand debate at the General Assembly of the Houyhnhnms 
| —The Learning of the Houyhnhnms—Their Buildings— 
Their Manner of Burials—The Defectiveness of their 
Language. 


One of these grand assemblies was held in my 
(time, about three months before my departure, 
whither my master went, as the representative of 
‘our district. In this council was resumed their old 
‘debate, and indeed the only debate that ever hap- 
pened in that country ; whereof my master, after his 
‘return, gave me a very particular account. 

The question to be debated was, Whether the 
Yahoos should be exterminated from the face of the 
earth? One of the members for the affirmative 
‘offered several arguments of great strength and 
‘weight, alleging that as the Yahoos were the most 
‘filthy, noisome, and deformed animal which nature 
ever produced, so they were the most restive 
-and indocible, mischievous and malicious. They 
would privately suck the teats of the Houyhnhnms’ 
cows, kill and devour their cats, trample down 


424 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


their oats and grass, if they were not continu. 
ally watched, and commit a thousand othe 
extravagances. He took notice of a general 
tradition, that Yahoos had not been always in 
their country; but that, many ages ago, two of 
these brutes appeared together upon a mountain; 
whether produced by the heat of the sun upon 
corrupted mud and slime, or from the ooze or 
froth of the sea, was never known; that their 
brood in a short time grew so numerous as to 
overrun and infest the whole nation; that the 
Houyhnhnms, to get rid of this evil, made a 
general hunting, and at last enclosed the whole 
herd; and, destroying the old ones, every Houy- 
hnhnm kept two young ones in a kennel, and 
brought them to such a degree of tameness as an 
animal so savage by nature can be capable of 
acquiring ; using them for draught and carriage; that 
there seemed to be much truth in this tradition ; and 
that those creatures could not be ylnhniamshy (or 
aborigines* of the land), because of the violent hatred © 
the Houyhnhnms, as well as all other animals, bore 
them; which, although their evil disposition suffi- 
ciently deserved, could never have arrived at so high a. 
degree if they nad been aborigines; or else they 


* Earliest or original inhabitants. 


GUULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 425 


would have long since been rooted out; that the in- 
habitants, taking a fancy to use the service of the 
Yahoos, had very imprudently neglected to cultivate 
the breed of asses, which are a comely animal, 
easily kept, more tame and orderly, without any 
offensive smell; strong enough for labor, although 
they yield to the other in agility of body; and if 
their braying be no agreeable sound, it is far prefer- 
able to the horrible howlings of the Yahoos. 

My master approved of the tradition mentioned 
by the honorable member who spoke before, and 
affirmed that the two Yahoos said to be first seen 
among them had been driven thither over the sea; 
that, coming to land, and being forsaken by their 
companions, they retired to the mountains, and, de- 
generating by degrees, became in process of time 
much more savage than those of their own species 
in the country from whence these two originals 
came. ‘The reason of this assertion was that he had 
now in his possession a certain wonderful Yahoo 
(meaning myself), which most of them had heard 
of, and many of them had seen. He then related to 
them how he first found me ; that my body was all 
covered with an artificial composure of the skins 
und hairs of other animals; that I spoke in a 
anguage of my own, and had thoroughly learned 
sheirs; that I had related to him the accidents 


426 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


which brought me thither; that when he saw me 
without my covering I was an exact Yahoo in every 
part, only of a whiter color, less hairy, and with 
shorter claws. He added how I had endeavored to 
persuade him that in my own and other countries 
the Yahoos acted as the governing, rational animal, 
and held the Houyhnhnms in servitude; that he 
observed in me all the qualities of a Yahoo, only a_ 
little more civilized by some tincture of reason; 
which, however, was in a degree as far inferior to 
the Houyhnhnm race as the Yahoos of their country _ 
were to me. . 

The Houyhnhnms have no letters, and consequently 
their knowledge is all traditional ; but, there happen- 
ing few events of any moment among a people so well | 
united, naturally disposed to every virtue, wholly 
governed by reason, and cut off from all commerce ; 
with other nations, the historical part is easily pre- 
served, without burdening their memory. I have j 
already observed that they are subject to no diseases, 7 
and therefore can have no need of physicians. How- j 
ever, they have excellent medicines, composed of | 
herbs, to cure accidental bruises, and cuts in the’ 
pastern, or frog of the foot, by sharp stones, as well : 
as other maims and hurts in the several parts of the 
body. 

They calculate the year by the revolution of the 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 427 


sun and the moon, but use no subdivisions into 
weeks. They are well enough acquainted with the 
motions of those two luminaries, and understand the 
nature of eclipses; and this is the utmost progress 
of their astronomy. 

In poetry they must be allowed to excel all other 
mortals, wherein the justness of their similes, and 
the minuteness, as well as exactness, of their descrip- 
tions, are indeed inimitable. Their verses abound 
very much in both of these, and usually contain either 
some exalted notions of friendship and benevolence, 
or the praises of those who were victors in races and 
other bodily exercises. Their buildings, although 
very rude and simple, are not inconvenient, but well 
contrived to defend them from all injuries of cold 
and heat. They have a kind of tree, which, at forty 
years old, loosens in the root, and falls with the 
first storm: it grows very straight, and being 
‘pointed like stakes with a sharp stone (for the Houy- 
‘hnhnms know not the use of iron), they stick them 
erect in the ground, about ten inches asunder, and 
‘then weave in oat straw, or sometimes wattles, be- 
‘twixt them. The roof is made after the same man. 


mer, and so are the doors. 

The Houyhnhnms use the hollow part between 
the pastern and the hoof of their forefeet as we do 
our hands, and this with greater dexterity than I 


4238 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


could at first imagine. I have seen a white mare of 
our family thread a needle (which I lent her on pur- 
pose) with that joint. They milk their cows, reap 
their oats, and do all the work which requires hands 
in the same manner. ‘They have a kind of hard 
flints, which, by grinding against other stones, they 
form into instruments that serve instead of wedges, 
axes, and hammers. With tools made of these 
flints they likewise cut their hay and reap their 
oats, which there grow naturally in several fields; 
the Yahoos draw home the sheaves in carriages, and | 
the servants tread them in certain covered huts, to 
get out the grain, which is kept in stores. They 
make a rude kind of earthen and wooden vessels, 
and bake the former in the sun. 

If they can avoid casualties they die only of old 
age, and are buried in the obscurest piaces that can | 
be found: their friends and relations expressing 
neitner joy nor grief at their departure; nor does 
the dying person discover the least regret that he is’ 
leaving the world, any more than if he were upon 
returning home from a visit to one of his neighbors, — 
I remember my master having once made an ap- 
pointment with a friend and his family to come to 
his house upon some affair of importance: on the 
day fixed the mistress and her two children came 
very late; she made two excuses; first for her hus- 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 429 


band, who, as she said, happened that very morning 
to lhnuwnh. The word is strongly expressive in 
their language, but not easily rendered into English : 
it signifies to retire to his first mother. Her excuse 
for not coming sooner was that her husband dying 
late in the morning, she was a good while consulting 
her servants about a convenient place where his 
body should be laid: and I observed she behaved 
herself at our house as cheerfully as the rest. She 
died about three months after. 

They live generally to seventy or seventy-five 
years, very seldom to fourscore. Some weeks before 
their death they feel a gradual decay, but without 
pain. During this time they are much visited by 
their friends, because they cannot go abroad with 
their usual ease and satisfaction. However, about 
ten days before their death, which they seldom fail 
in computing, they return the visits that have been 
made them by those who are nearest in the neigh- 
borhood, being carried in a convenient sledge drawn 
by Yahoos; which vehicle they use, not only upon 
this occasion, but when they grow old, upon long 
journeys, or when they are lamed by any accident. 
And, therefore, when the dying Houyhnhnms return 
those visits they take a solemn leave of their 
friends, as if they were going to some remote part 


430 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


of the country, where they designed to pass the rest 
of their lives. 

I know not whether it may be worth observing, 
that the Houyhnhnms have no word in their lan- 
guage to express anything that is evil, except what 
they borrow from the deformities or ill qualities of 


the Yahoos. Thus they denote the folly of a seryv- © 


ant, an omission of a child, a stone that cuts their 
feet, a continuance of foul or unseasonable weather, 


and the like, by adding to each the epithet of 


Yahoo. For instance: hhnm Yahoo, whnaholm 
Yahoo, ynlhmndwihlma Yahoo, and an ill-contrived 
house, ynholmhnmrohinw Yahoo. 


I could, with great pleasure, enlarge further upon 


the manners and virtues of this excellent people; 
but intending in a short time to publish a volume 
by itself expressly upon that subject, I refer the 


reader thither, and in the meantime proceed to — 


relate my own sad catastrophe. 


| 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 437 


CHAPTER X. 


The Author’s Economy and happy Life among the Houy- 
hnhnms—His great improvement in Virtue by conversing 
with them—Their Conversations—The Author has notice 
given him by his master, that hé must depart from the 
Country—He falls into a swoon for grief, but submits— 
He contrives and finishes a Canoe by the help of a 
fellow-servant, and puts to sea at a venture. 


I wap settled my little economy* to my own 
heart’s content. My master had ordered a room 
to be made for me, after their manner, about six 
yards from the house, the sides and floors of which 
I plastered with clay, and covered with rush-mats 
of my own contriving. I had beaten hemp, which 
there grows wild, and made of it a sort of ticking ; 
this I filled with the feathers of several birds I had 
taken with springes made of Yahoos’ hairs, and 
were excellent food. I had worked two chairs with 
my knife, the sorrel nag helping me in the grosser 
and more laborious part. When my clothes were 


* Domestic concerns, or way of life. 


432 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


worn to rags, I made myself others with the skins — 
of rabbits, and of a certain beautiful animal about 
the same size, called mnuhnoh, the skin of which is 
covered with a fine down. Of these I made very 
tolerable stockings. I soled my shoes with wood, 
which I cut from a tree, and fitted to the upper- 
leather ; and when this was worn out I supplied it 
with the skins of Yahoos dried in the sun. I often 
got honey out of hollow trees, which I mingled > 
with water, or eat with my bread. No man could 
more verify the truth of these two maxims, That 
nature is very easily satisfied; and, That necessity 
is the mother of invention. I enjoyed perfect health 
of body and tranquillity of mind; I did not feel the © 
treachery or inconstancy of a friend, nor the in- 
juries of a secret or open enemy ; I had no occasion 
of bribing or flattering to procure the favor of any 
great man, or of his minion; I wanted no fence 
against fraud or oppression: here was neither 
physician to destroy my body, nor lawyer to ruin 
my fortune; no informer to watch my words and 
actions, or forge accusations against me for hire; 
here were no gibers; censurers, backbiters, pick 
pockets, highwaymen, housebreakers, attorneys, 
buffoons, gamesters, politicians, wits, splenetics, 
tedious talkers, controvertists, murderers, robbers ; | 
no leaders or followers of party and faction; no 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 433 


encouragers to vice by seducements or examples ; 
no dungeon, axes, gibbets, whipping-posts, or 
pillories ; no cheating shopkeepers or mechanics ; 
no pride, vanity, or affectation ; no fops, bullies, or 
drunkards; no ranting, expensive wives; no stupid, 
proud pedants; no importunate, overbearing, quarrel- 
some, noisy, roaring, empty, conceited, swearing 
companions; no scoundrels raised from the dust for 
the sake of their vices, or nobility thrown into it 
on account of their virtues; no lords, fiddlers, 
judges, or dancing-masters. 

I had the favor of being admitted to several 
Houyhnhnms, who came to visit or dine with my 
master; where his honor graciously suffered me to 
wait in the room and listen to their discourse. Both 
he and his company would often descend* to ask me 
questions and receive my answers. I had also 
sometimes the honor of attending my master in his 
visits to others. I never presumed to speak, except 
in answer to a question; and then I did it with in- 
ward regret, because it was a loss of so much time 
for improving myself; but I was infinitely delighted 
with the station of an humble auditor in such con- 
versations, where nothing passed but what was use- 
ful, expressed in the fewest and most significant 


a nn ee Rane L En EERREER REE ERRRE 


*That is, condescend. 


434 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


words ; where, as I have already said, the greatest 
decency was observed, without the least degree of — 
ceremony ; where no person spoke without being — 


pleased himself, and pleasing his companions; 


where there was no interruption, tediousness, heat, — 
or difference of sentiments. They have a notion ~ 
that when people are met together, a short silence — 
doth much improve conversation: thisI found to be — 
true ; for during those little intermissions of talk, new _ 


ideas would arise in their minds, which very much 


enlivened their discourse. Their subjects are gener- © 


ally on friendship and benevolence, on order and 


economy ; sometimes upon the visible operations of 
nature, or ancient traditions ; upon the bounds and — 


limits of virtue; upon the unerring rules of reason; 


or upon some determinations to be taken at the — 
next great assembly; and often upon the various | 
excellences of poetry. I may add, without vanity, | 
that my presence often gave them sufficient matter — 
for discourse, because it afforded my master an — 
occasion of letting his friends into the history of me — 


and my country, upon which they were all pleased 


to descant, ina manner not very advantageous to — 


humankind ; and for that reason I shall not repeat 
what they said: only I may be allowed to observe 
that his honor, to my great admiration, appeared 
to understand the nature of Yahoos in all countries 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 435 


much better than myself. He went through all our 
vices and follies, and discovered many which I had 
never mentioned to him, by only supposing what 
qualities a Yahoo of their country, with a small 
proportion of reason, might be capable of exerting ; 
and concluded, with too much probability, how vile 
as well as miserable, such a creature must be. 

I freely confess that all the little knowledge I 
have of any value was acquired by the lectures I re- 
ceived from my master, and from hearing the dis- 
courses of him and bis friends; to which I should 
be prouder to listen than to dictate to the greatest 
and wisest assembly in Europe. I admired the 
strength, comeliness, and speed of the inhabitants ; 
and such a constellation of virtues in such amiable 
persons produced in me the highest veneration. 
At first, indeed, I did not feel that natural awe 
which the Yahoos and all other animals bear toward 
them; but it grew upon me by degrees, much 
sooner than I imagined, and was mingled witha 
respectful love and gratitude, that they would 
condescend to distinguish me from the rest of my 
species. 

When I thought of my family, my friends, and 
my countrymen, or the human race in general, I 
considered them, as they really were, Yahoos, in 
shape and disposition, only a little civilized, and 


A386 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


qualified with the gift of speech; but making no — 
other use of reason than to improve and multiply 
those vices whereof their brethren in this country — 
had only the share that nature allotted them. 7 
When I happened to behold the reflection of my — 
own form in a lake or a fountain I turned away my | 
face in horror and detestation of myself, and could — 
better endure the sight of a common Yahoo than of — 
my Own person. | 

By conversing with the Houyhnhnms, and looking — 
upon them with delight, I fell to imitate their gait 
and gesture, which is now grown into a habit; and 
my friends often tell me in a blunt way that I trot 
like a horse; which, however, I take for a great 
compliment. Neither shall I disown that in speak- 
ing Iam apt to fall into the voice and manner of. 
the Houyhnhnms, and hear myself ridiculed on that 
account, without the least mortification. 

In the midst of all this happiness, and when I 
looked upon myself to be fully settled for life, my 
master sent for me one morning a little earlier than 
his usual hour. I observed by his countenance that 
he was in some perplexity, and at a loss how to 
begin what he had to speak. After a short silence, 
he told me he did not know how I would take what 
he was going to say. That in the last general 
assembly, when the affair of the Yahoos was entered 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 437 


upon, the representatives had taken offense at his 
keeping a Yahoo (meaning myself) in his family, 
more like a Houyhnhnm than a brute animal; that 
ne was known frequently to converse with me, as if 
he could receive some advantage or pleasure in my 
company ; that such a practice was not agreeable 
to reason or nature, nor a thing ever heard of 
before among them. The assembly did therefore 
exhort him either to employ me like the rest of my 
species, or command me to swim back to the place 
from whence I came. That the first of these ex- 
pedients was utterly rejected by all the Houyhnhnms 
who had ever seen me at his house or their own; 
for they alleged that because I had some rudiments 
of reason added to the natural pravity of those 
animals, it was to be feared I might be able to 
- seduce them into the woody and mountainous parts 
of the country, and bring them in troops by night 
to destroy the Houyhnhnm’s cattle as being naturally 
of the ravenous kind, and averse from labor. 

My master added that he was daily pressed by 
the Houyhnhnms of the neigborhood to have the 
assembly’s exhortation executed, which he could not 
put off much longer. He doubted it would be im- 
possible for me to swim to another country, and 
therefore wished I would contrive some sort of 
vehicle, resembling those I had described to him, 


438 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


ee 


that might carry me on the sea, in which work I 
should have the assistance of his own servants, as 
well as those of his neighbors. He concluded that, © 
for his own part, he could have been content to keep © 
me in his service as long as I lived, because he found 
I had cured myself of some bad habits and disposi- 
tions, by endeavoring, as far as my inferior nature — 
was capable, to imitate the Houyhnhnms. | 
I should here observe to the reader that a decree | 
of the general assembly in this country is expressed | 
by the word Anhloayn, which signifies an exhorta- | 
tion, as near as I can render it; for they have no | 
conception how a rational creature can be com- 
pelled, but only advised or exhorted ; because no | 
person can disobey reason without giving up his — 
claim to be a rational creature. 


I was struck with the utmost grief and despair at _ 
my master’s discourse; and being unable to support 
the agonies I was under, I fell into a swoon at his 
feet. When I came to myself he told me that he 
concluded I had been dead (for these people are 
subject to no such imbecilities of nature). I an- 
swered in a faint voice that death would have been 
too great a happiness; that although I could not 
blame the assembly’s exhortation, or the urgency of 
his friends, yet, in my weak and corrapt judgement, 

I thought it’ might consist with reason to have been 


GULLIVHR’S TRAVELS. 439 


less rigorous ; that I could not swim a league, and 
probably the nearest land to theirs might be distant 
above an hundred; that many materials necessary 
for making a small vessel to carry me off were 
wholly wanting in this country ; which, however, I 
would attempt, in obedience and gratitude to his 
honor, although I concluded the thing to be im- 
possible, and therefore looked on myself as already 
devoted to destruction ; that the certain prospect of 
an unnatural death was the least of my evils; for 
supposing I should escape with life, by some strange 
adventure, how could I think with temper of passing 
my days among Yahoos, and relapsing into my old 
corruptions, for want of examples to lead and keep 
me within the paths of virtue? that I knew too 
well upon what solid reasons all the determinations 
of the wise Houyhnhnms were founded, not to be 
shaken by arguments of mine, a miserable Yahoo ; 
and therefore, after presenting him with my humble 
thanks for the offer of his servants’ assistance in 
making a vessel, and desiring a reasonable time for 
so difficult a work, I told him I would endeavor to 
preserve a wretched being ; and if ever I returned 
to England was not without hopes of being useful 
to my own species by celebrating the praises of the 
renowned Houyhnhnms, and proposing their virtues 
to the imitation of mankind. 


440 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


My master, in a few words, made me a very 


gracious reply ; allowed me the space of two months: 
to finish my boat; and ordered the sorrel nag, my 
fellow-servant (for so, at this distance, I may pre-_ 
sume to call him), to follow my instructions; be- 


cause I told my master that his help would be 


sufficient, and I knew he had a tenderness for me. 
In his company my first business was to go to_ 
that part of the coast where my rebellious crew had 


ordered me to be set on shore. I got apona height, — 


by 


and looking on every side into the sea, fancied I saw 


a small island toward the northeast. I took out my 
pocket-glass, and could then clearly distinguish it 


about five leagues off, as I computed; but it ap- 


peared to the sorrel nag to be only a blue cloud; 


, 
| 
| 
: 


for as he had no conception of any country beside 


his own, so he could not be as expert in distinguish- 


ing remote objects at sea as we who so much con- 


verse* in that element. 


After I had discovered this island I considered no — 
further, but resolved it should, if possible, be the 
first place of my banishment, leaving the conse-— 


quence to fortune. 
I returned home, and consulting with the sorrel 


FRE 


aag, We went into a copse at some distance, where I — 


* Occupy ourselves; carry on business. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 44.1 


with my knife, and he with a sharp flint, fastened 
very artificially, after their manner, to a wooden 
handle, cut down several oak wattles, about the 
thickness of a walking-staff, and some larger pieces. 
But I shall not trouble the reader with a particular 
description of my own mechanics; let it suffice to 
say, that in six weeks’ time, with the help of the 
sorrel nag, who performed the parts that required 
most labor, I finished a sort of Indian canoe, but 
much larger, covering it with the skins of Yahoos, 
well stitched together with hempen threads of my 
own making. My sail was likewise composed of 
‘the skins of the same animal; but I made use of the 
youngest I could get, the older being too tough and 
thick; and I likewise provided myself with four 
paddles. I laid in a stock of boiled flesh, of rabbits 
and fowls, and took with me two vessels, one filled 
with milk, and the other with water. 

I tried my canoe in a large pond near my master’s 
house, and then corrected in it what was amiss, 
‘stopping all the chinks with Yahoo’s tallow, till I 
found it stanch, and able to bear me and my 
freight; and when it was as complete as I could 
possibly make it, I had it drawn on a carriage very 
gently by Yahoos to the seaside, under the conduct* 
of the sorrel nag and another servant. 


* Guidance or leadership. 


449 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


When all was ready, and the day came for my 
departure, I took leave of my master and lady, and’ 
the whole family, mine eyes flowing with tears, and 
my heart quite sunk with grief. But his honor, out: 
of curiosity, and perhaps (if I may speak it without 
vanity) partly out of kindness, was determined to. 
see me in my canoe, and got several of his neighbor-) 
ing friends to accompany him. I was forced to. 
wait above an hour for the tide; and then observing 
the wind very fortunately bearing toward the island 
to which I intended to steer my course, I took a 
second leave of my master; but as I was going to’ 
prostrate myself to kiss his hoof, he did me the 
honor to raise it gently to my mouth. I am not 


ignorant how much I have been censured for men-~ 
tioning this last particular. For my detractors are 
pleased to think it improbable that so illustrious a 
person should descend to give so great a mark of 
distinction to a creature so inferior as I. Neither 
have I forgot how apt some travelers are to boast. 
of a eae favors they have received. But if 


they would soon ere their opinion. ' 

I paid my respects to the rest of the Houyhnhnms 4 
in his honor’s company, then getting into my canoe 
I pushed off from shore. | 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 443 


CHAPTER XI. 


The Author’s dangerous Voyage—He arrives at New Holland, 

hoping to settle there—Is wounded with an arrow by one 

of the Natives—Is seized, and carried by force into a 

Portuguese ship—The great civilities of the Captain—The 
Author arrives in England. 


I sxcan this desperate voyage on February 15, 
1714-15,* at nine o’clock in the morning. The 
wind was very favorable; however, I made use at 
first only of my paddles; but considering I should 
soon be weary, and that the wind might chop about, 
I ventured to set up my little sail, and thus, with 
the help of the tide, I went at the rate of a league 
and a half an hour, as near as I could guess. My 
master and his friends continued on the shore till I 
was almost out of sight; and I often heard the 


* That is 1714 Old Style, 1715 New Style. Before the intro- 
duction of the new or reformed way of reckoning, the year 
began on the 25th of March ; hence the portion from J anuary 
Tl up to this date may be considered as belonging to the end of 
one year and the beginning of another—the latter being the 
proper year according to modern reckoning. 


444 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


sorrel nag (who always loved me) crying out, Hnuy 
ila nyha majah Yahoo; Take care of thyself, 
gentle Yahoo. . 

My design was, if possible, to discover some 
small island uninhabited, yet sufficient, by my labor, 
to furnish me with the necessaries of life, which I 
would have thought a greater happiness than to be 
first minister in the politest court of Europe; so 
horrible was the idea I conceived of returning to 
live in the society, and under the government of 
Yahoos. For in such a solitude as I desired, I could 
at least enjoy my own thoughts, and reflect with 
delight on the virtues of those inimitable Houy- 
hnhnms, without any opportunity of degenerating 
into the vices and corruptions of my own species. — 

The reader may remember what I related when 
my crew conspired against me, and confined me to 
my cabin; how I continued there several weeks, 
without knowing what course we took; and when 
I was put ashore in the long-boat, how the sailo 5 
told me, with oaths, whether true or false, that they 
knew not in what part of the world we were. How- 
ever, I did then believe us to be about 10 degrees 
southward of the Cape of Good Hope, or about 45 
degrees southern latitude, as I gathered from some 
general words I overheard among them, being, l 
supposed, to the southeast in their intended vovagil 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 445 


0 Madagascar. And although this were but little 
vetter than conjecture, yet I resolved to steer my 
ourse eastward, hoping to reach the southwest 
oast of New Holland, and perhaps some such 
sland as I desired, lying westward of it. The wind 
vas full west; and by six in the evening I com- 
yuted I had gone eastward at least eighteen leagues, 
when I spied a very small island about half a league 
off, which I soon reached. It was nothing but a 
‘ock with one creek naturally arched by the force 
ftempests. Here I put in my canoe, and climbing 
1 part of the rock, I could plainly discover land to 
he east, extending from south tonorth. I lay all 
night in my canoe, and repeating my voyage early 
in the morning, I arrived in seven hours to the 
southeast point of New Holland. This confirmed 
me in the opinion I have long entertained that the 
maps and charts place this country at least three 
degrees more to the east than it really is,* which 
thought I communicated many years ago to my 
worthy friend, Mr. Herman Moll,+ and gave him my 


, * Gulliver here shows a greater knowledge of the position 
and dimensions of Australia than he displays in telling of the 
‘whereabouts of Lilliput, ete. 

tThis person published in 1723 a work entitled ‘‘Com- 
‘pleat Geographer, or the Chorography and Topography of 
‘al’ the known parts of the Earth.” 


44.6 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


reasons for it, although he hath rather chosen 
follow other authors. 


and being unarmed I was afraid of venturing far 
into the country. I found some shellfish on the 
shore, and eat them raw, not daring to kindlea fire” 
for fear of being discovered by the natives. I con: 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 44% 


‘ 


inued three days feeding on oysters and limpets to 
save my own provisions; and I fortunately found a 
brook of excellent water, which gave me great 
relief. 

On the fourth day, venturing out early, a little 
too far, I saw twenty or thirty natives upon a 
height, not above five hundred yards from me. 
They were stark naked, men, women, and children, 
round a fire, as I could discover by the smoke. One 
of them spied me, and gave notice to the rest; five 
of them advanced toward me, leaving the women 
and children at the fire. I made what haste I could 
to the shore, and getting into my canoe, shoved off ; 
the savages observing me retreat, ran after me, and 
before I could get far enough into the sea, dis- 
charged an arrow, which wounded me deeply on 
the inside of my left knee; I shall carry the mark 
to my grave. I apprehended the arrow might be 
poisoned; and paddling out of the reach of their 
darts (being a calm day), I made a shift to suck the 
‘wound, and dress'it as well as I could. 

I was at a loss what to do; for I durst not return 
to the same landing-place, but stood to the north, 
and was forced to paddle; for the wind, though 
very gentle, was against me, blowing northwest. 
As I was looking about for a secure landing-place, I 
saw a sail to the north-northeast, which appearing 


448 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


every minute more visible, I] was in some doubt 
whether I should wait for them or no; but at last 
my detestation of the Yahoo race teal and, 
turning my canoe, I sailed and paddled together to 
the south, and got into the same creek from whence 
I set out in the morning, choosing rather to trust 
myself among these barbarians than live with 
European Yahoos. I drew up my canoe as close as 
I could to the shore, and hid myself behind a ston 
by the little brook, which, as I have already “a 
was excellent water. ) 
The ship came within half a league of this crcl, 
and sent out her long-boat with vessels to take in 
fresh water (for the place, it seems, was very well 
known); but I did not observe it till the boat was 
almost on shore, and it was too late to seek another 
hiding-place. The seamen, at their landing, ob- | 
served my canoe, and, rummaging it all over, easily 
conjectured that the owner could not be far off, : 
Four of them, well armed, searched every cranny 
and lurking-hole, till at last they found me, flat off 
my face, behind the stone. They gazed awhile in 
admiration* at my strange, uncouth dress: my coat 
made of skins, my wooden-soled shoes, and my furred 
stockings; from whence, however, they concluded I 


if 
* Wonder. ‘ 
} 


4 


Se Sinaia 


“GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 449 


vas not a native of the place, who all go naked. 
Ine of the seamen, in Portuguese, bid me rise, and 
isked who I was. I understood that language very 
well, and, getting upon my feet, said I was a poor 
Yahoo, banished from the Houyhnhnms, and de- 
sired they would please to let me depart. They 
admired* to hear me answer them in their own 


tongue and saw by my complexion I must be an 
European; but were at a loss to know what [ meant 
by Yahoos and Houyhnhnms; and at the same time 
fell a-laughing at my strange tone in speaking, 
which resembled the neighing of a horse. I 
trembled all the while betwixt fear and hatred. I 
again desired leave to depart, and was gently 
moving to my canoe; but they laid hold of me, de- 
siring to know what country I was of? whence I 
came? with many other questions. I told them I 
‘was born in England, from whence I came about 
ifive years ago, and then their country and ours were 
at peace. I therefore hoped they would not treat 
‘me as an enemy, since I meant them no harm, but 
‘was a poor Yahoo, seeking some desolate place 
‘where to pass the remainder of his unfortunate life. 

When they began to talk I thought I never heard 
or saw anything so unnatural; for it appeared to 


* Wondered. 


450 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 


me as monstrous as if a dog or a cow should speak 
in England, or a Yahoo in Houyhnhnm-land. The 
honest Portuguese were equally amazed at my 
strange dress, and the odd manner of delivering my 
words, which, however, they understood very well. 
They spoke to me with great humanity, and said 
they were sure their captain would carry me gratis 
to Lisbon, from whence J might return to my own 
country ; that two of the seamen would go back to 
the ship, inform the captain of what they had seen, 


and receive his orders: in the meantime, unless I 
would give my solemn oath not to fly, they would: 
secure me by force. I thought it best to comply 
with their proposal. They were very curious to 
know my story, but I gave them very little satisfac 
tion, and they all conjectured that my misfortunes 
had impaired my reason. In two hours the boat, 
which went laden with vessels of water, returned 
with the captain’s command to fetch me on board. 
I fell on my knees to preserve my liberty, but all) 
was in vain; and the men, having tied me with 
cords, heaved me into the boat, from whence I was 
taken into the ship, and from thence into the cap- 
tain’s cabin. | 

His name was Pedro de Mendez; he was a very 
courteous and generous person. He entreated me. 
to give some account of myself, and desired to know 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 451 


what I would eat or drink; said I should be used as 
well as himself; and spoke so many obliging things . 
that I wondered to find such civilities from a Yahoo. 
However, I remained silent and sullen; I was ready 
to faint at the very smell of him and hismen. At 
last I desired something to eat out of my own canoe ; 
but he ordered me a chicken, and some excellent 
wine, and then directed that I should be ptt to bed 
in a very clean cabin. I would not undress myself, 
but lay on the bedclothes, and in half an hour stole 
out, when I thought the crew was at dinner, and, 
getting to the side of the ship, was going to leap 
into the sea, and swim for my life rather than con- 
tinue among Yahoos. But one of the seamen pre- 
vented me, and, having informed the captain, I was 


chained to my cabin. 

_ After dinner Don Pedro came to me, and desired 
to know my reason for so desperate an attempt; 
assured me he only meant to do me all the service 
he was able; and spoke so very movingly that at 


| 
last I descended to treat him like an animal that had 


‘some little portion of reason. I gave him a very 
short relation of my voyage; of the conspiracy 
against me by my own men; of the country where 
‘they set me on shore, and of my five years’ residence 
‘there. All which he looked upon as if it were a 


dream or a vision; whereat I took great offense; 
| 
| 
| 


452 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


for I had quite forgot the faculty of lying, so 
peculiar to Yahoos in all countries where they pre 
side, and consequently the disposition of suspecting 
truth in others of their own species. I asked him 
whether it were the custom in his country to say 
the thing that was not? JI assured him that I had 
almost forgot what he meant by falsehood, and if | 
had lived a thousand years in Houyhnhnm-land ] 
should never have heard a lie from the meanest 
servant; that I was altogether indifferent whether 
he believed me or no; but, however, in return for 
his favors, I would give so much allowance to the 
corruption of his nature as to answer any objection 
he would please to make, and then he might easily 
discover the truth. : 

The captain, a wise man, after many endeavors to 
catch me tripping in some part of my story, at last 
began to have a better opinion of my veracity. But 
he added, that since I professed so inviolable an 
attachment to truth, I must give him my word of 
honor to bear him company in this voyage, without 
attempting anything against my life; or else he 
would continue me a prisoner till we arrived at 
Lisbon. I gave him the promise he required ; but 
at the same time protested that I would suffer the 
greatest hardships rather than return to live among 
Yahoos. . 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 453 


Our voyage passed without any considerable 
accident. In gratitude to the captain, I sometimes 
sat with him at his earnes* request, and strove to 
conceal my antipathy to humankind, although it 
often broke out; which he suffered to pass without 
observation. But the greatest part of the day | 
confined myself to my cabin, to avoid seeing any 0, 
the crew. The captain had often entreated me to 
strip myself of my savage dress, and offered to lend 
me the best suit of clothes he had. This I would 
not be prevailed on to accept, abhorring to cover 
myself with anything that had been on the back of 
a Yahoo. I only desired he would lend me two 
‘clean shirts, which, having been washed since he 
wore them, I believed would not so much defile me. 
These I changed every second day, and washed 
them myself. 

We arrived at Lisbon, November 5,1715. Atour 
Janding the captain forced me to cover myself with 
his cloak, to prevent the rabble from crowding about 


me. I was conveyed to his own house; and at my 
earnest request he led me up to the highest room 


backward. I conjured him to conceal from all 
persons what I had told him of the Houyhnhnms ; 
because the least hint of such a story would not 
only draw numbers of people to see me, but probably 


put me in danger of being imprisoned, or burned by 


454 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


the Inquisition. The captain persuaded me to - 
accept a suit of clothes newly made; but I would — 
not suffer the tailor to take my measure: however, © 
Don Pedro being almost of my size, they fitted me ; 
well enough. He accoutered me with other neces- | 
saries, all new, which I aired for twenty-four hours, y 
before I would use them. ‘ 
The captain had no wife, nor above three servants, : 
none of which were suffered to attend at meals ; and i 
his whole deportment was so obliging, added to a 
very good human understanding, that I really began ' 
to tolerate his company. He gained so far spon 
me that I ventured to look out of the back window. — 
By degrees I was brought into another room, froma 
whence I peeped into the street, but drew my head — 
back in a fright. Ina week’s time he seduced me 
down to the door. I found my terror gradually : 
lessened, but my hatred and contempt seemed to in- 
crease. I was at last bold enough to walk tho 
street in his company, but kept my nose well 
stopped with rue, or sometimes with tobacco. ; 
In ten days Don Pedro, to whom I had given 
some account of my domestic affairs, put it upon, 
me, as a matter of honor and conscience, that If 
ought to return to my native country, and live at 
home with my wife and children. He told me 
there was an English ship in the port just ready to 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 455 


sail, and he would furnish me with all things 
necessary. It would be tedious to repeat his 
arguments, and my contradictions. He said it was 
altogether impossible to find such a solitary island 
as I had desired to live in; but I might command 
in my own house, and pass my time in a manner as 
recluse as | pleased. i 

I complied at last, finding I could not do better. 
I left Lisbon the 24th day of November, in an Eng- 
lish merchantman, but who was the master I never 
inquired. Don Pedro accompanied me to the ship, 
and lent me twenty pounds. He took kind leave of 
me, and embraced me at parting, which I bore as 
wellasI could. During this last voyage I had no 
commerce* with the master or any of his men; but, 
pretending I was sick, kept close in my cabin. On 
the 5th of December, 1715, we cast anchor in the 
Downs about nine in the morning, and at three in 
the afternoon I got safe to my house at Redriff. 

My wife and family received me with great 
surprise and joy, because they concluded me 
‘certainly dead; but I must freely confess the sight 
of them filled me only with hatred, disgust, and 
contempt; and the more, by reflecting on the near 
alliance I had to them. for although, since my 


*Tntercourse; conversation. 


456 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


unfortunate exile from the Houyhnhnm country, 1 
had compelled myself to tolerate the sight of 
Yahoos, and to converse with Don Pedro de 
Mendez, yet my memory and imagination were 
perpetually filled with the virtues and ideas of those 
exalted Houyhnhnms. : 
As soon as I entered the house my wife took me 
in her arms and kissed me; at which, having not 
been used to the touch of that odious animal for so” 
many years, I fell into a swoon for almost an hour, 
At the time I am writing, it is five years since my 
last return to England; during the first year I | 
could not endure my wife or children in my pres- 
ence; the very smell of them was intolerable; much 
less could I suffer them to eat in the same room. 
To this hour they dare not presume to touch my 
bread, or drink out of the same cup; neither was I 
ever able to let one of them take me by the hand. 
The first money I laid out was to buy two young 
horses, which I kept in a good stable; and, next to 
them, the groom is my greatest favorite; for I feel 
my spirits revived by the smell he contracts in the 
stable. My horses understand me tolerably well; 
I converse with them at least four hours every day. 
They are strangers to bridle or saddle; they live in 
great amity with me, and friendship to each other. x 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 45% 


CHAPTER XII. 


The Author’s Veracity—His design in publishing this Work— 
His Censure of those Travelers who swerve from the 
Truth—The Author clears himself from any sinister ends 
in writing—An objection aswered—The method of plant- 


ing Colonies—His native Country commended—The right 
of the Crown to those Countries described by the Author 
is justified—The Difficulty of conquering them—The 
Author takes his last leave of the Reader—Proposeth his 
Manner of Living for the future—Gives good Advice, and 
concludes. 


Tuus, gentle reader, I have given thee a faithful 
history of my travels for sixteen years and above 
seven months; wherein | have not been so studious 
of ornament as of truth. I could, perhaps, like 
others, have astonished thee with strange, improb- 
able tales; but I rather chose to relate plain matter 
of fact in the simplest manner and style; because 
my principal design was to inform, and not to 
amuse thee. 

It is easy for us who travel into remote countries, 


ABS GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


which are seldom visited by Englishmen or other. 
Europeans, to form descriptions of wonderful ani- 
mals both at sea and land. Whereas a traveler's 
chief aim should be to make men wiser and better, 
and to improve their minds by the bad, as well as 
good example, of what they deliver concerning 
foreign places. 

I could heartily wish a law was enacted that 
every traveler, before he were permitted to publish, 
his voyages, should be obliged to make oath before 
the Lord High Chancellor, that all he intended to 
print was absolutely true to the best of his knowl. 
edge; for then the world would no longer be de- 
ceived, as it usually is, while some writers, to make 
their works pass the better upon the public, impose 
the grossest falsities on the unwary reader. I have 
perused several books of travels with great delight 
in my younger days; but having since gone over 
most parts of the globe, and been able to contradict | 
many fabulous accounts from my own observation, 
it hath given me a great disgust against this part of 
reading, and some indignation to see the credulity 
of mankind so impudently abused. Therefore, since 
my acquaintance were pleased to think my poor en- 
deavors might not be unacceptable to my country, 
I imposed on myself, as a maxim never to be swerved 
from, that I would strictly adhere to truth ; neither 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 459 


ndeed can I be ever under the least temptation to 
rary from it, while I retain in my mind the lectures 
ind example of my noble master and the other illus- 
ios Houyhnhnms, of whom I had so long the 
ionor to be an humble hearer. 


I know very well how little reputation is to be 
got by writings, which require neither genius nor 
learning, nor indeed any other talent, except a good 
memory, or an exact journal. I know likewise that 
writers of travels, like dictionary makers, are sunk 
into oblivion by the weight and bulk of those who 
come last, and therefore lie uppermost. And it is 
highly probable that such travelers, who shall here- 
after visit the countries described in this work of 
mine, may, by detecting my errors (if there be any), 
and adding many new discoveries of their own, 
jostle me out of vogue, and stand in my place, mak- 
ing the world forget that ever I was an author. 
‘This indeed would be too great a mortification if I 
wrote for fame; but as my sole intention was the 
public good, I cannot be altogether disappointed 
‘For who can read of the virtues I have mentioned 
in the glorious Houyhnhnms, without being ashamed 
of his own vices, when he considers himself as the 
reasoning, governing animal of his country? Ishall 
say nothing of those remote nations where Yahoos 
preside ; among which the least corrupted are the 


460 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


Brobdingnagians, whose wise maxims in morality 
and government it would be our happiness to ob 
serve. But I forbear descanting further, and rather 
leave the judicious reader to his own remarks ang 
applications. 

Iam not a little pleased that this work of mine 
can possibly meet with no censurers ; for what ob- 
jections can be made against a writer who relates 
only plain facts that happened in such distant coun- 
tries, where we have not the least interest with 
respect either to trade or negotiations? I have 
carefully avoided every fault with which ‘common 
writers of travels are often too justly charged. 
Besides, I meddle not with any party, but write 
without passion, prejudice, or ill-will against any: 
man, or number of men, whatsoever. I write for 
the noblest end, to inform and instruct mankind; 
over whom I may, without breach of modesty, pre- 
tend to some superiority, from the advantages I 
received by conversing so long among the most: 
accomplished Houyhnhnms. I write without any 
view toward profit or praise. I never suffer a word 
to pass that may look like reflection, or possibly. 
give the least offense, even to those who are most 
ready to take it. So that I hope I may with justice 
pronounce myself an author perfectly blameless 5, 
against whom the tribes of Answerers, Considerers, 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 461 


Observers, Reflectors, Detectors, Remarkers,* will 
never be able to find matter for exercising their 


talents. 

I confess it was whispered to me that I was 
bound in duty, as a subject of England, to have 
given in a memorial to a secretary of state at my 
first coming over; because whatever lands are dis- 
sovered by a subject belong to the crown. But I 
doubt whether our conquests in the countries I treat 
of would be as easy as those of Ferdinando Cortez 
over the naked Americans. The Lilliputians, I 
think, are hardly worth the charge of a fleet and 
army to reduce them; and I question whether it 
might be prudent or safe to attempt the Brobding- 
nagians; or whether an English army would be 
much at their ease with the Flying Island over 
their heads. The Houyhnhnms indeed appear not 
to be so well prepared for war, a science to which 
they are perfect strangers, and especially against 
missive weapons. However, supposing myself to 
be a minister of state, I could never give my advice 
for invading them. Their prudence, unanimity, un- 
acquaintedness with fear, and their love of their 


; 


* Alluding to writers who bring out books or pamphlets 
dealing with other books, and giving their productions such 
titles as Answers to, Considerations on, Observations on, etc., 
such or such a work. 


462 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


country, would amply supply all defects in the 
military art. Imagine twenty thousand of them 
breaking into the midst of an European army, con- 
founding the ranks, overturning the carriages, bat- 
tering the warriors’ faces into mummy by terrible 
yerks from their hinder hoofs; for they would well 
deserve the character given to Augustus, Recalcitrat 
undique tutus.* But, instead of proposals for con- 
quering that magnanimous nation, I rather wish 
they were in a capacity, or disposition, to send a 
sufficient number of their inhabitants for civilizing 
Europe, by teaching us the first principles of honor, 
justice, truth, temperance, public spirit, fortitude, 
chastity, friendship, benevolence, and fidelity, the 
names of all which virtues are still retained among 
us in most languages, and are to be met with in 
some modern as well as ancient authors; which I 
am able to assert from my own small reading. 

But I had another reason, which made me less: 
forward to enlarge his majesty’s dominions by my 
discoveries. To say the truth I had conceived a few 
scruples with relation to the distributive justice of 
princes upon those occasions. For instance a crew 
of pirates are driven by a storm they know not 
whither; at length a boy discovers land from the 


* He kicks out behind, safe on every side. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 463 


topmast; they go on shore to rob and plunder; 
they see a harmless people; are entertained with 
kindness; they give the country a new name; they 
take formal possession of it for their king; they set 
up a rotten plank, or a stone, for a memorial; they 
murder two or three dozen of the natives, bring 
away a couple more by force, for a sample ; return 
home and get their pardon. Here commences a new 
dominion acquired with a title by divine right. 
Ships are sent with the first opportunity; the 
natives driven out or destroyed ; their princes tor- 
tured to discover their gold ; a free license given to 
all acts of inhumanity and lust, the earth reeking 
“with the blood of its inhabitants; and this execrable 
‘erew of butchers, employed in so pious an expedi- 
tion, is a modern colony, sent to convert and civilize 
‘an idolatrous and barbarous people !* 

But this description, I confess, doth by no means 
affect the British nation, who may be an example 
to the whole world for their wisdom, care, and jus- 
‘tice in planting colonies; their liberal endowments 
‘for the advancement of religion and learning; their 
choice of devout and able pastors to propagate 
Christianity ; their caution in stocking their prov- 
7% This, unfortunately, is too true a picture of the manner 
in which some European colonies have been founded, as, for 
instance, those of the Spanish in America. 


464 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 

inces with people of sober lives and conversations, 
from this the mother kingdom ; their strict regard 
to the distribution of justice, in supplying the civil 
administration through all their colonies with offi- 
cers of the greatest abilities, utter strangers to cor- 
ruption; and, to crown all, by sending the most 
vigilant and virtuous governors, who have no other 
views than the happiness of the people over whom. 
they preside, and the honor of the king their 
master.* 

But as those countries, which I have described, 
do not appear to have a desire of being conquered 
and enslaved, murdered or driven out by colonies; 
nor abound either in gold, silver, sugar, or tobacco, 
I did humbly conceive they were by no means 
proper objects of our zeal, our valor, or our interest. 
However, if those whom it more concerns think fit. 
to be of another opinion, I am ready to depose, 
when I shall be lawfully called, that no European 
did ever visit those countries before me. I mean, if 
the inhabitants ought to be believed, unless a dis- 
pute may arise concerning the two Yahoos, said to 
have been seen many ages ago upon a mountain in 
Houyhnhnm-land. 

But, as to the formality of taking possession in 


* These statements are, of course, ironical on Swift’s part. — 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 465 


my sovereign’s name, it never came once into my 
thoughts; and if it had, yet, as my affairs then 
stood, I should perhaps, in point of prudence and 
self-preservation, have put it off to a better oppor- 
tunity. 

Having thus answered the only objection that 
can ever be raised against me as a traveler, | here 
take a final leave of all my courteous readers, and 
return to enjoy my own speculations in my little 
garden at Redriff ; to apply those excellent lessons 
of virtue which I learned among the Houyhnhnms; 
to instruct the Yahoos of my own family, as far as 
I shall find them docible animals; to behold my 
figure often in a glass, and thus, if possible, habitu- 
ate myself by time to tolerate the sight of a human 
creature; to lament the brutality of Houyhnhnms 
in my own country, but always treat their persons 
with respect, for the sake of my ncble master, his 
family, his friends, and the whole Houyhnhnm 
race, whom these of ours have the honor to re- 
semble in all their lineaments, however their intel- 
lectuals came to degenerate. 

I began last week to permit my wife to sit at 
dinner with me, at the furthest end of a long table; 
and to answer (but with the utmost brevity) the 
few questions I asked her. Yet the smell of a 
Yahoo continuing very offensive, I always keep my 


466 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 


nose well stopped with rue, lavender, or tobacco 


ee 


leaves. And although it be hard for a man late in _ 


life to remove old habits, I am not altogether out of 


hopes, in some time, to suffer a neighbor Yahoo in 
my company without the apprehensions I am yet — 


under of his teeth or his claws. 


My reconcilement to the Yahoo kind in general 


might not be so difficult if they would be content 
with those vices and follies only which nature hath 
entitled them to. I am not in the least provoked 
at the sight of a lawyer, a pickpocket, a colonel, a 


fool, a lord, a gamester, a politician, a physician, an — 


evidence,* a suborner, an attorney, a traitor, or the 
like; this is all according to the due course of 
things; but when I behold a lump of deformity and 
diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, 
it immediately breaks all the measures of my 
patience; neither shall I be ever able to compre- 
hend how such an animal and such a vice could 
taily together. The wise and virtuous Houy- 
hnhnms, who abound in all excellences that can 
adorn a rational creature, have no name for this 
vice in their language; which hath no terms to 
express anything that is evil, except those whereby 


they describe the detestable qualities of their 
Pg ae ge ge ee an ee 


* One who brings false accusations. 


GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 467 


Yahoos; among which they were not able to dis- 
tinguish this of pride, for want of thoroughly 
understanding human nature, as it showeth itself in 
other countries where that animal presides. But I, 
who had more experience, could plainly observe 
some rudiments of it among the wild Yahoos. 

But the Houyhnhnms, who live under the govern- 
ment of reason, are no more proud of the good 
qualities they possess than I should be for not 
wanting a leg or an arm; which no man in his wits 
would boast of, although he must be miserable 
without them. I dwell the longer upon this sub- 
ject from the desire I have to make the society of 
an English Yahoo by any means not insupportable ; 
and therefore I here entreat those who have any 
tincture of this absurd vice that they will not pre- 
sume to come in my sight. 


THE END. 


A. L. Burt’s Catalogue of Books for 
Young People by Popular Writers, 52- 
58 Duane Street, New York “© <~ 


BOOKS FOR BOYS. 
Joe’s Luck: A Boy’s Adventures in California. By 


Horatio ALGER, Jk. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

The story is chock full of stirring incidents, while the amusing situ- 
ations are furnished by Joshua Bickford, from Pumpkin Eollow, and the 
fellow who modestly styles himself the ‘‘Rip-tail Roarer, from Pike Co., 
Missouri.’’ Mr. Alger never writes a poor book, and ‘‘Joe’s Luck’’ is cer- 
tainly one of his best. 


Tom the Bootblack; or, The Road to Success. By 


Horatto ALGER, JR. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

A bright, enterprising lad was Tom the Bootblack. He was not at all 
ashamed of his humble calling, though always on the lookout to better 
himself. The lad started for Cincinnati to look up his heritage. Mr. 
Grey, the uncle, did not hesitate to employ a ruffian to kill the lad. The 
plan failed, and Gilbert Grey, once Tom the bootblack, came into a com- 
fortable fortune. This is one of Mr. Alger’s best stories. 


Dan the Newsboy. By Horatio AuLcerR, JR. 12mo, 


cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Dan Mordaunt and his mother live in a poor tenement, and the lad is 
pluckily trying to make ends meet by selling papers in the streets of New 
York. A little heiress of six years is confided to the care of the Mor- 
daunts. The child is kidnapped and Dan tracks the child to the house 
where she is hidden, and rescues her. The wealthy aunt of the little 
heiress is so delighted with Dan’s courage and many good qualities 
that she adopts him as her heir. 


Tony the Hero: A Brave Boy’s Adventure with a 


Tramp. By Horatio ALGER, Jk. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Tony, a sturdy bright-eyed boy of fourteen, is under the control of 
Rudolph Rugg, a thorough rascal. After much abuse Tony runs away 
and gets a job as stable boy in a country hotel. Tony is heir to a 
large estate. Rudolph for a consideration hunts up Tony and throws 
him down a deep well. Of course Tony escapes from the fate provided 
for him, and by a brave act, a rich friend secures his rights and Tony 
is prosperous. A very entertaining book. 


The Errand Boy; or, How Phil Brent Won Success. 


By Horatio AtgER, JR. 12mo, cloth illustrated, price $1.00. 

The career of ‘‘The Errand Boy’? embraces the city adventures of a 
emart country lad. Philip was brought up by a kind-hearted innkeeper 
named Brent. The death of Mrs. Brent paved the way for the hero’s 
subsequent troubles. A retired merchant in New York secures him the 
situation of errand boy, and thereafter stands as his friend. 


Tom Temple’s Career. By Horatio ALGER, JR. 12mo, 


cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Tom Temple is a bright, self-reliant lad. He leaves Plympton village 
to seek work in New York, whence he undertakes an important mission 
to California. Some of his adventures in the far west are so startling that 
the reader will scarcely close the book until the last page shall have been 
reached. The tale is written in Mr. Alger’s most fascinating style. 


tal cts ahaa REI NALD IRE EOE Tne 
For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price by the 
publisher, A, L. BURT, 52-88 Duane Street, New York. 


tr 


; A. L. BURT’S BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. 


BOOKS FOR BOYS. 
Frank Fowler, the Cash Boy. By Horatio Atcer, JR. 


12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Frank Fowler, a poor boy, bravely determines to make a living for 
himself and his foster-sister Grace. Going to New York he obtains a 
Situation as cash boy in a dry goods store. He renders a service to a 
wealthy old gentleman who takes a fancy to the lad, and thereafter 
helps the lad to gain success and fortune. 


Tom Thatcher’s Fortune. By Horatio ALceER, JR. 


12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Tom Thatcher is a brave, ambitious, unselfish boy. He supports his 
mother and sister on meagre wages earned as a shoe-pegger in John 
Simpson’s factory. Tom is discharged from the factory and starts over- 
land for California. He meets with many adventures. The story is told 
in a way which has made Mr. Alger’s name a household word in so many 
homes. 


The Train Boy. By Horatio Atcer, Jr. 12mo, 


cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 


Paul Palmer was a wide-awake boy of sixteen who supported his mother ; 


and sister by selling books and papers on the Chicago and Milwaukee 
Railroad. He dctects a young man in the act of picking the pocket of a 
young lady. In a railway accident many passengers are killed, but Paul 
is fortunate enough to assist a Chicago merchant, who out of gratitude 
takes him into his employ. Paul succeeds with tact and judgment and 
is well started on the road to business prominence. 


iiark Mason’s Victory. The Trials and Triumphs of 
aie ae Boy. By Horatio Auger, Jr. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price 


Mark Mason, the telegraph boy, was a sturdy, honest lad, who pluckily 
won his way to success by his honest manly efforts under many diffi- 
culties. This story will please the very large class of boys who regard 
Mr. Alger as a favorite author. 


A Debt of Honor. The Story of Gerald Lane’s Success 


iF ie Far West. By Horatio ALGER, Jr. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price 
.U0. 

The story of Gerald Lane and the account of the many trials and dis- 
appointments which he passed through befor. he attained success, will 
rere all boys who have read the previous stories of this delightful 
2utaor. 


Ben Bruce. Scenes in the Life of a Bowery Newsboy. 


By Horatio ALGER, JR. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Ben Bruce was a brave, manly, generous boy. The story of his efforts, 
and many seeming failures and disappointments, and his final success, are 
most interesting to all readers.. The tale is written in Mr. Alger’s 
most fascinating style. 


The Castaways; or, On the Florida Reefs. By Jamzs 


Otis. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

This tale smacks of the salt sea. From the moment that the Sea 
Queen leaves lower New York bay till the breeze leaves her becalmed off 
the coast of Florida, one can almost hear the whistle of the wind 
through her rigging, the creak of her straining cordage as she heels to 
the leeward. The adventures of Ben Clark, the hero of the story and 
Jake the cook, cannot fail to charm the reader. AS a writer for young 
people Mr. Otis is a prime favorite. 


a LN NRA SRR a a 
For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price by the 
publisher, A. L, BURT, 52-58 Duane Street, New York. 


A. E. BURT’S BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. 3 


BOOKS FOR BOYS. 
Wrecked on Spider Island; or, How Ned Rogers Found 


the Treasure. By James Oris. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Ned Rogers, a ‘‘down-east’’ plucky lad ships as cabin boy to earn 
a livelihood. Ned is marooned on Spider Island, and while there dis- 
covers a wreck submerged in the sand, and finds a considerable amount 
of treasure. The capture of the treasure and the incidents of the 
yoyage serve to make as entertaining a story of sea-life as the most 
eaptious boy could desire. 


The Search for the Silver City: A Tale of Adventure in 


Yucatan. By James Otis. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Two lads, Teddy Wright and Neal Emery, embark on the steam 
yacht Day Dream for a cruise to the tropics. The yacht is destroyed 
by fire, and then the boat is east upon the coast of Yucatan. They 
hear of the wonderful Silver City, of the Chan Santa Cruz Indians, 
and with the help of a faithful Indian ally carry off a number of the 
golden images from the temples. Pursued with relentless vigor at last 
their escape is effected in an astonishing manner. The story is so 
full of exciting incidents that the reader is quite carried away with 
the novelty and realism of the narrative. 


A Runaway Brig; or, An Accidental Cruise. By 


James Oris. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

This is a sea tale, and the reader can look out upon the wide shimmer- 
ing sea as it flashes back the sunlight, and imagine himself afloat with 
Harry Vandyne, Walter Morse, Jim Libby and that old shell-back, Bob 
Brace, on the brig Bonita. The boys discover a mysterious document 
which enables them to find a buried treasure. They are stranded on 
an island and at last are rescued with the treasure. The boys are sure 
to be fascinated with this entertaining story. 


The Treasure Finders: A Boy’s Adventures in 


Nicaragua. By James OTIs. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 

Roy and Dean Coloney, with their guide Tongla, leave their father’s 
indigo plantation to visit the wonderful ruins of an ancient city. The 
boys eagerly explore the temples of an extinct race and discover three 
golden images cunningly hidden away. They escape with the greatest 
difficulty. Eventually they reach safety with their golden prizes. We 
doubt if there ever was written a more entertainrng story than ‘‘The 
Treasure Finders.’’ 


Jack, the Hunchback. A Story of the Coast of Maine. 


By James OTs. Price $1.00. 

This is the story of a little hunchback who lived on Cape Elizabeth, 
on the coast of Maine. His trials and successes are most interesting. 
From first to last nothing stays the interest of the narrative. It bears us 
rege 3 as on a stream whose current varies in direction, but never loses 

s force. 


With Washington at Monmouth: A Story of Three 


Philadelphia Boys. By James Otis. 12mo, ornamental cloth, olivine 

edges, illustrated, price $1.50. 

Three Philadelphia lads assist the American spies and make regular 
and frequent visits to Valley Forge in the Winter while the British 
occupied the city. The story abounds with pictures of Colonial life 
skillfully drawn, and the glimpses of Washington’s soldiers which are 
given shown that the work has not been hastily done, or without con- 
siderable study. The story is wholesome and patriotic in tone, as are 
all of Mr. Otis’ works. 


ee ee es 
For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price by the 
publisher, A. L, BURT, 52-58 Duane Street, New York. 


4 A. L. BURT’S BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. 


BOOKS FOR BOYS. | 
With Lafayette at Yorktown: A Story of How Two 


Boys Joined the Continental Army. By Jamzs OTIs. 12mo, ornamental 
cloth, olivine edges, illustrated, price $1.50. 


Two lads from Portmeuth, N. H., attempt to enlist in the Colonial 
Army, and are given employment as spies. There is no lack of exciting 
incidents which the youthful reader craves, but it is healthful excite- 
ment brimming with facts which every boy should be familiar with, 
and while the reader is following the adventures of Ben Jaffrays and 
Ned Allen he is acquiring a fund of historical lore which will remain 
in his memory long after that which he has memorized from text- 
books has been forgotten. 


At the Siege of Havana. Being the Experiences of 


Three Boys Serving under Israel Putnam in 1762. By James Otis. 12mo, 
ornamental cloth, olivine edges, illustrated, price $1.50. 


““At the Siege of Havana’’ deals with that portion of the island’s 
history when the English king captured the capital, thanks to the 
assistance given by the troops from New England, led in part by Col. 
Israel Putnam. 

The principal characters are Darius Lunt, the lad who, represented as 
telling the story, and his comrades, Robert Clement and Nicholas 
Vallet. Colonel Putnam also figures to considerable extent, necessarily, 
in the tale, and the whole forms one of the most readable stories founded on 
historical facts. 


The Defense of Fort Henry. A Story of Wheeling 


Creek in 1777. By Jamss Ot1s. 12mo, ornamental cloth, olivine edges, 
illustrated, price $1.50. 


Nowhere in the history of our country can be found more heroic or 
thrilling incidents than in the story of those brave men and women 
who founded the settlement of Wheeling in the Colony of Virginia. The 
recital of what Hlizabeth Zane did is in itself as heroic a story as can 
be imagined. The wondrous bravery displayed by Major McCulloch 
and his gallant comrades, the sufferings of the colonists and their sacrifice 
of blood and life, stir the blood of old as well as young readers. 


The Capture of the Laughing Mary. A Story of Three 


New York Boys in 1776. By James Or1s. 12mo, ornamental cloth, olivine 

edges, price $1.50. 

“During the British occupancy of New York, at the outbreak of the 
Revolution, a Yankee lad hears of the plot to take General Washington’s 
person, and calls in two companions to assist the patriot cause. They 
do some astonishing things, and, incidentally, lay the way for an 
American navy later, by the exploit which gives its name to the 
work. Mr. Otis’ books are too well known to require any particular 
commendation to the young.’’—Evening Post. 


With Warren at Bunker Hill. A Story of the Siege of 


Boston. By James OTIs. 12mo, ornametnal cloth, olivine edges, illus 
trated, price $1.50. 


“This is a tale of the siege of Boston, which opens on the day after 
the doings at Lexington and Concord, with a description of home life 
in Boston, introduces the reader to the British camp at Charlestown, 
shows Gen. Warren at home, describes what a boy thought of the 
battle of Bunker Hill, and closes with the raising of the siege. The 
three heroes, George Wentworth, Ben Scarlett and an old ropemaker, 
incur the enmity of a young Tory, who causes them many adventures 
the boys will like to read.’’—Detroit Free Press. 


SSS SSS 
For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on Fecelnt of price by the 
publisher, A, L, BURT, 52-58 Duane Street, New York. 


UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 


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